Relationships between „madams‟ and „maids‟ have been the subject of various South African works, detailing the lives of domestic workers and their daily struggles. This study however aims to turn the focus on the madam and questions the complex intimacy at work between her and her maid. It is this intricate association between „madam‟ and „maid,‟ as well as the context of the home, which creates a site for a unique personal relationship that extends beyond the constraints of the working contract. In order to investigate this relationship, I explore the preconceived notions Muslim madams of North Beach have when recruiting the ideal domestic worker as well as the way everyday life between madams and maids shapes their relationship. In demonstrating the types of relationships and levels of intimacy between them, this thesis focuses on three aspects of everyday life between Muslim madams and maid. Firstly, I explore the „home‟ as a contradictory location – being both a private space for the employer and a workspace for the maid, paying particular attention to the creation of boundaries and negotiations of space within the home. The second key aspect I examine is the extent to which religion influences the relationship between madam and maid. Religion is a thread running through this thesis as a determining factor in the recruitment of a domestic worker and a way in which space is produced. Thirdly, I discuss the sharing of gender between madam and maid and the question of „sisterhood‟ between them. These are underlying elements of the types of relationships between madam and maid which, I argue are characterised by levels of cultivated intimacy. The project is based on the qualitative results gathered from 20 in-depth interviews with Muslim madams, two focus groups and five key informant interviews with domestic workers. My thesis contributes to the existing research exploring the relationships between madams and maids and opens further avenues for research. It demonstrates that there are key elements besides race and class that shape the relationships between madam and maid, which contribute to levels of cultivated intimacy between them. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sci.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

There have been a number of labour disputes in the agricultural sector in the past year. Domestic workers’ wages and working conditions have also been under the spotlight. This study aims to determine whether or not the concept of decent work is adequately protected in South Africa’s current legislation; the implementation of such legislation and whether or not, as a member of the United Nations, South Africa’s legislation is in line with the international standards set by the International Labour Organization (ILO). The study examines previous labour legislation in order to establish the extent of the protection offered to employees, particularly domestic and farm workers. It provides recommendations in respect of the current legislation based on the ILO standards, particularly the Labour Inspection Convention No. 81 of 1947, Convention No. 184 Concerning Safety and Health in Agriculture, 2001 and Convention No. 189 and Recommendation No. 201 Concerning decent work for domestic workers, 2011. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-85). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

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Lee Tsz Lok. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-123). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.iii / CONTENTS --- p.v / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Introduction: Domestic Work from Premodern to Modern --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Objective / Chapter 1.2 --- Research B ackground / Chapter 1.2.1 --- History of Chinese Domestic Servants / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Demand for Foreign Domestic Workers / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Legislation Governing Employment of Foreign Domestic Workers / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significances / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- Literature Review: Private-Public Interpenetration， Power Relations and Social Negotiations in Domestic Employment --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1 --- Hegemonies and Homes / Chapter 2.2 --- Private-Public Distinction / Chapter 2.3 --- Power Dynamics / Chapter 2.4 --- Between the Personalized and the Bureaucratized / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Conceptual Framework: The Personalized/ Bureaucratized Typology and Interactive Dynamics in Domestic Employment --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1 --- Assumptions of the Present Study / Chapter 3.2 --- Typology of Worker-Employer Relations / Chapter 3.3 --- The Personalized Type of Relations / Chapter 3.4 --- The Bureaucratized Type of Relations / Chapter 3.5 --- Micropolitics in Domestic Work / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- Research Methods and Data --- p.39 / Chapter 4.1 --- Methods and Data Collection / Chapter 4.2 --- Characteristics of Informants / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Characteristics of Employers / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Characteristics of Workers / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- The Personalized Type of Relations --- p.45 / Chapter 5.1 --- Affective-Based Particularism / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Working Philosophy / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Workers' Presence in Public Spaces / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Confrontations / Chapter 5.2 --- Diffuse Work Obligations / Chapter 5.3 --- Personal Attachment / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Materialistic Relationship / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Strategic Personalism / Chapter 5.4 --- Concluding Remarks / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- The Bureaucratized Type of Relations --- p.75 / Chapter 6.1 --- Rule-Based Universalism / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Working Philosophy / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Workers' Presence in Public Spaces / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Confrontations / Chapter 6.2 --- Standardized Work Obligations / Chapter 6.3 --- Impersonal Relations / Chapter 6.4 --- Concluding Remarks / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- "Discussion and Conclusion: Global-Local, Private-Public Matrix of Employment Relations" --- p.97 / Chapter 7.1 --- Discussion / Chapter 7.2 --- Areas for Further Inquiry / Chapter 7.3 --- Conclusion / APPENDICES / APPENDIX A Case Descriptions --- p.106 / Profiles of Employers / Profiles of Workers / APPENDIX B Consent Form --- p.110 / Consent Form (English Version) / Consent Form (Chinese Version) / APPENDIX C Interview Schedule --- p.112 / Interview Schedule for Employers / (Translated Version) / Interview Schedule for Employers / (Original Chinese Version) / Interview Schedule for Workers / REFERENCES --- p.120

"July 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-203). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

In the reading of the servants in examples from the period 1920-1950, the servant question is invoked to expose the workings of class. The servants in these narratives of Bowen, Green, Taylor, Waugh, Mansfield and Panter-Downes, lady’s maids, housekeepers, nannies, a butler and a chauffeur, are in thrall to the collective structures of societal ordering, and reluctant with respect to social mobility. Class was not fully being negotiated in this period, in fact little change was visible. Fer example intimacy, such as that between the lady’s maid and her mistress, meant that class confrontation was unlikely. The nanny showed that culturally constructed mechanisms such as nostalgia could be employed to discourage the desire for change. In terms of the socio-historical context any transformation in the make-up of domestic life – that is, the move towards homes without servants - was a fairly gradual business. But, there was a widespread belief in a change that had not really taken place – and that certainly had not taken place within domestic service. Any transformation of society was superficial; the governing ranks would not permit their disempowerment through genuine class change. I contend that the literature supports this perspective. Servants desire subservience; they find comfort in the familiarity of the system of household ranking-by-status. In the process, authority itself is portrayed as being less immutable, more malleable and thereby equipped for the future. In this sense the narratives read in this thesis go to make up a literature of resistance, in refutation of the overwhelming narrative of the time, progressing instead the notion that class must persist with its boundaries intact, as its hegemony is desirable and necessary for the smooth, successful operation of society.

This thesis serves to highlight the significance of food and diet in the servant problem narrative of eighteenth and nineteenth-century Britain and the role of food in master-servant relationships as a source of conflict. The study also shows how attitudes towards servant labor, wages, and perquisites resulted in food-related theft. Employers customarily provided regular meals, food, drink, or board wages and tea money to their domestic servants in addition to an annual salary, yet food and meals often resulted in contention as evidenced by contemporary criticism and increased calls for legislative wage regulation. Differing expectations of wage components, including food and other perquisites, resulted in ongoing conflict between masters and servants. Existing historical scholarship on the relationship between British domestic servants and their masters or mistresses in context of the servant problem often tends to place focus on themes of gender and sexuality. Considering the role of food as a fundamental necessity in the lives of servants provides a new approach to understanding the servant problem and reveals sources of mistrust and resentment in the master-servant relationship.