This thesis deals with housing policy and housing finance in Czech and Slovak republics. Selected topics are matched with some states of the European Union. The first chapter deals with a general analysis of housing and housing policy, the theoretical possibilities of the division of housing and housing policy instruments. At the end of the chapter speaks about the importance of resources and funding to the housing sector. The second chapter is already more engaged in the development of housing policy and housing in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In both countries are described the development of housing policy after 1989, the current housing policy and housing situation. The end of the chapter compares determined facts. The third chapter explains the various support tools and funding opportunities for housing through the Housing Development Fund, building savings and mortgages. The fourth chapter crowns the earliers, in which are compared some of the problems in the housing area of Czech Republic and Slovakia in selected states of the European Union.

The aim of the diploma thesis is the analysis of housing policy the town of Tábor. It seeks to provide an overview of the current situation in the housing, the analysis of local housing policy and its future devolopment. In the beginning of the work deals with the definition of basic concepts in the field of housing policy and housing market characteristics. Furthermore, focusing on the role of the state in areas of housing policy, examines the essential characteristics of the housing stock and the tools to promote housing, these types of instruments, their significance and use. The second part of the work focuses on analysis of housing policy solutions in the city of Tabor. Evaluate the implementation of housing policy in terms of management of housing stock, the analysis of demand and supply in the housing market, used tools and support for city participation in city housing. The privatization process of the city housing stock and its alternatives are current problems of the city core.

The goal of my thesis "Beginnings and history of state interventions into housing market using Czech market as example" is to illustrate circumstances (conditions) in which housing policy started to evolve. Next goal is to explain the reasons why state interventions on Czech housing market grew stronger. Historical circumstances, which were important in housing market shaping, are accompanied by analysis of historical sources. First part of thesis is focused on explaining basic terms regarding forming housing market and highlighting specialties of housing as (tady ten statek nevím). Second part demonstrates first state interventions in Czech Republic territory using historical legislative sources, statistical data and historical context. It starts in Austria-Hungary and then chronologically moves over two World Wars era and socialism to the present.

The main objective of diploma thesis is an analysis of the housing policy in the city of Písek, in which I endeavour to evaluate the existing method of its implementation and efficiency. The first part of thesis deals with the development of the housing policy in the territory of the Czech Republic with emphasis on the period since 1989. It includes descriptions of the most significant changes in the field of housing during the transformation period and defines the basic instruments of the state housing support. The second part of the thesis focuses on the role of municipalities in the field of housing and their possibilities in the disposal of the originally state housing stock. It concentrates on the actual situation on the housing market in the city of Písek where there has been a fundamental turn in the approach to the municipal rentable housing this year. It thoroughly examines the executed privatization of the housing stock with aspect to the prices of the sold units and it evaluates the significance of the newly adopted measures.

This paper analyzes the concept of housing policy at a municipal level. It looks at current status of areas in the Czech Republic in relation to their housing provision and individual stakeholders' roles in this process. The key role is played by the government and its influence of housing policy through legislation. Various general as well as individual areas' issues are explored and solutions discussed. One example outlines detailed analysis of a situation in a specific area of the country.The analysis was conducted based on current data provided by the Ministry of Local Development and the local council and a research conducted by the author. The aim is to define and analyze current housing policy in the Czech Republic and discuss potential solutions.

This dissertation focuses on Austrian housing policy measures and regional housing markets. It places the Austrian situation into a European context and evaluates singular housing policy measures in detail. The evaluation includes aspects of effectiveness, equity, costs, and efficiency. This contribution brings together three empirical essays, each of which has a different focus and addresses particular elements of housing policy. All three papers use empirical methods, but with adjusted approaches according to their underlining research questions: from state finance comparisons, to subsidy calculations for specific households, to hedonic apartment price index construction. Quantitative methods, mainly based on administrative and survey data, are accompanied by qualitative research in the form of expert interviews. Across the three papers, the level of analysis differs and increases in focus: from the level of nation states, to the nine Austrian regions, to the 117 (as of 2015) administrative districts into which the Austrian territory is divided. The first two papers focus on state housing policy measures and evaluate them in an international comparative framework. Both follow different levels of aggregation. The first one takes a very broad view and quantifies the sum of expenses on various state housing policy measures in six EU countries at the level of nation states (Austria, Czech Republic, Great Britain, France, The Netherlands, and Spain). It investigates the structure of state support for the housing sector and establishes numeric estimates of its components (supply-side subsidies, housing benefits, tax advantages and concessions). The second paper focuses on a particular housing policy instrument in Austria: means-tested, income-dependent housing benefits. It analyses the nine regional housing benefit schemes in the context of minimum income schemes. The paper applies a comprehensive residual income approach to housing affordability and identifies market segments and household types where affordability is at risk, in spite of existing benefit schemes. The third paper calculates regional price indexes for second-hand apartments in Austria at the level of administrative districts. It is based on state-of-the-art hedonic methods of house price index construction that control for the varying distribution of apartment characteristics and locations over time. The resulting indexes are an important improvement over indexes based on average prices. All three papers address specific elements of Austrian housing policy and identify areas for policy improvements and necessary future research activity.

Magister Artium - MA / Access to adequate housing is one of the most debated issues in democratic South Africa. The government continues to battle with existing backlogs in the provision of housing and a seemingly increasing demand. At the same time, urban populations take to the streets to register their anger and frustration at the slow progress of service delivery as a whole, including housing and other basic services. Clearly this is an important issue in the country, one that has inspired great public debate and further engagement between the state and the people. Notably, this dissatisfaction endures despite the fact that South Africa’s post-apartheid government discourse on state-society relations has centred on greater participation, especially at local government level, as reflected in the commitment to participatory democracy in the South African constitution. Despite this, in general government housing policy has focused on ensuring the delivery of houses to the people rather than the participatory processes in the provision of housing. The 1994 Housing White Paper took an ‘incremental’ or ‘progressive’ approach to housing, which is a developer driven approach that limits the participation of ordinary citizens in the provision of housing, despite the government’s commitment to enabling participation. The introduction of the People’s Housing Process (PHP) in 1998 (later revised and became the Enhanced People’s Housing Process) was a breakthrough in government’s efforts for the involvement of communities in the housing process. However, even this initiative was criticised for its lack of any meaningful participation, as the contribution of individual residents and communities was limited to the implementation process, while the policy decisions were still in government hands. The revision of this policy and the broadening of the housing policy through Breaking New Ground were meant to encourage community ownership of housing provision and empower them beyond the limitations of the PHP. Notably, the meaning of participation encoded in housing programmes, particularly those such as the PHP, is taken for granted. It is assumed that participation will occur in a straight forward process. However, as this demonstrates, effective participatory processes necessitate particular forms of representation for beneficiaries. Designing an effective participatory mechanism thus requires paying attention to new practices of representation as well as new practices of participation. In the participatory housing processes in particular such representation is essential as the direct participation of communities in decision making might not be feasible at some points in the process, hence, community residents need people that will communicate and make decisions on their behalf in engaging with government. The South African literature on state-society relations is largely silent on the relationship between representation and participatory processes, thus there is limited analysis on local level leaders that become part of these participatory processes. This is the gap that this study explores in relation to housing through a case-study of the role of local community leaders in a People’s Housing Process housing project in Imizamo Yethu, Hout Bay. It aims to understand the significance of the representative role played by local leaders who are not part of the formal democratic system of representation in development participatory processes. In exploring the Niall Mellon Housing Project as a case study, the research illustrates three main points: first, local leaders played a crucial role in the housing project. They initiated and implemented the programme and contributed to the overall success of the project. Indeed it is sensible to assume that organised and legitimate local leaders are essential to development projects as they are able to provide an effective link between government and the community. Second, since these local leaders are not part of the established democratic system of representation, their status is vulnerable to contestation. Local leaders lack the formal authority that usually occurs in representation modes that require explicit authorisation or those formalised as part of the state system of representation. Their position can easily be challenged and their legitimacy questioned. Third, development projects such as the one under investigation also create these kinds of legitimacy crisis. This is due to the competition for scarce government resources introduced by the development projects. Thus, those who feel excluded from the project may retaliate and question the actions of the local leaders. Hence, even though community leaders are useful in this participatory process, the state of their position is vulnerable and their legitimacy can be undermined by the very process that needs their participation.

Orientador: Arlete Moysés Rodrigues / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Buonfiglio_LedaVelloso_D.pdf: 4141011 bytes, checksum: a91cea233882b87cdecb98c4f40ab8be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A presente tese busca compreender a produção da política urbana habitacional em suas duas escalas de abrangência: a federal e a municipal, dimensionando-as e problematizando-as como instâncias de regulação da política. À gestão federal coube elaborar diversos programas e linhas de ação não necessariamente complementares; institucionalizou um saber técnico e político, imprimindo uma visão de cidade e, mais importante, criou as condições para os subsídios econômicos na política habitacional. À política municipal coube executar os programas federais, com seus subprogramas e modalidades circunscritos à perspectiva da Habitação de Interesse Social (HIS), síntese contraditória de algumas categorias de análise, quais sejam: habitação como necessidade, demanda, mercadoria, déficit, direito social e política pública. A HIS atribuiu um novo sentido contemporâneo à habitação popular tornada habitação para baixa renda, social e de mercado a um só tempo, dentro do contexto político e econômico brasileiro da última década. O tempo-espaço da produção da política pública urbana ¿ entre sua concepção na escala federal e sua gestão municipal ¿ é permeado pelo curso de ação de gestores públicos e demais agentes sociais em conflito e/ou em parceria, como as construtoras e os movimentos de moradia, aprofundando a concepção de arenas de luta e retomando a clássica mediação Estado/Sociedade Civil no processo de produção de políticas sociais. As disputas nessas arenas se travam não apenas pelos recursos financeiros da política federal, mas também pelos modelos políticos e ideológicos de gestão urbana. O município na presente Tese corresponde a um enclave que ora incorpora um papel crítico de protagonismo na gestão, ora de submissão ao mercado, posto que à gestão municipal se atribuem a condução e a deliberação sobre as condições espaciais e sociais com que a política habitacional (e fundiária) rebaterá e se enraizará no espaço urbano. Assim é que o município faz a gestão da habitação que, de fato, é social e de mercado, culminando em roteiros de ação que ora pactuam com as diretrizes do direito à cidade, ora pactuam com as diretrizes da cidade-mercado, resgatando os dois polos paradigmáticos em que a gestão urbana contemporânea se assenta. A estrutura da gestão municipal leva ao debate de pelo menos três dimensões analíticas: a existência ou não de órgão institucional específico para tratamento da política habitacional; a existência ou não de equipe técnica que paute o conhecimento local da realidade social do território e a existência ou não de visão política alinhada à concepção do planejamento progressista. Para a análise concreta do alcance da política federal no espaço urbano municipal, a pesquisa se debruça sobre três programas federais em um universo de municípios selecionados do Rio Grande do Sul: o Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento; nas modalidades Habitação de Interesse Social (PAC ¿ HIS) e Urbanização de Assentamentos Precários (PAC-UAP) e o Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV) nas modalidades Entidades/FDS e Empresarial/FAR. Tais programas resultam de políticas econômicas macroestruturantes que se tornaram funcionais para a política urbana e habitacional, resultando em formas distintas de intervenção no espaço urbano / Abstract: This thesis attempts to examine the production of urban housing policies of two power spheres: federal and municipal, by dimensioning them and seeking to clarify them as geographical scale instances of policy regulation. Federal management has developed several programs and lines of action ¿ not necessarily complementing each other ¿ by developing a technical and political knowledge base to communicate a city vision, and, more importantly, creating economic subsidy conditions for its housing policy. The city policy has been in charge of implementing the federal programs, with their subprograms and modes circumscribed to the Habitação de Interesse Social ¿ HIS [Social Interest Housing], a contradictory combination of certain kinds of analyses, such as: housing as a need, a demand, a commodity, a shortage, a social right, and public policy. The HIS policy has given a new contemporary sense to low cost housing, which became low income housing, social housing, and market housing all at the same time, in the Brazilian political and economic context of the last decade. The time-space of public urban policy ¿ between its creation at the federal scale and its municipal management ¿ is combined with the course of action of public managers and other social agents, either in conflict and/or partnership, such as construction companies and housing movements, which deepens the concept of struggling arenas and resumes the classic State/Civil Society mediation in the social policy production process. Struggles in these arenas are fought not just over federal policy funds, but also over political and ideological models of urban management. The city in this Thesis is an enclave with a critical leading management role. But at times it also submits to the market, since it is up to city management to show the way and make decisions on space and social conditions for housing policy (including land) to tackle and take root in the urban space. This is how the city undertakes housing management, which, in turn, is a social and market issue that ultimately produces lines of action scripts. Such scripts sometimes agree with right-to-the-city guidelines, sometimes with market-city guidelines, reclaiming both ends of the paradigm in which contemporary urban management is based. The city management structure leads to the debate of at least three analytical dimensions: the existence or not of an institutional department to address housing policy; the existence or not of a technical team to program the local knowledge of the territory¿s social reality, and the existence or not of a political vision aligned to a progressive planning concept. For an actual analysis of federal policy reach in urban space, our research has looked into three federal programs in a universe of selected municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul state: the Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento [Growth Acceleration Program]; in the Habitação de Interesse Social (PAC - HIS) and Urbanização de Assentamentos Precários [Urbanized precarious settlements] (PAC -UAP) modes, and the Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV) [My House, My Life Program] in the Entidades/FDS [Social Development Fund/ Entities] and Empresarial / FAR [Residential Lease Fund/ Corporations]. Such programs originate from overarching economic policies which became functional to, or consistent with, urban and housing policies, leading to different forms of intervention in the urban space / Doutorado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Doutora em Geografia

O trabalho discorre sobre a arquitetura e a política da habitação social no Brasil e na Inglaterra, apresentando os conceitos que permeiam a implantação de conjuntos habitacionais, as habitações de interesse social e suas finalidades, a ideia de cidade moderna e sua implantação em ambos os países, a cronologia histórica das políticas habitacionais e uma análise comparativa de estudos de caso de cada nacionalidade. A função do trabalho é demonstrar o quanto e de que forma a política habitacional influenciou a arquitetura e a produção habitacional dos dois países, quais orientações nas políticas públicas favoreceram a produção habitacional e, através de estudos de caso, verificar como essas influências se manifestam nas arquiteturas dos conjuntos. Para alcançar o objetivo, foi elaborada uma periodização e selecionados conjuntos habitacionais como estudos de caso representativos de cada período. O esboço conceitual uniformizará as informações e diretrizes, que serão conduzidas ao longo do trabalho, destacando o que difere em cada país e o que se assemelha em suas macrodefinições, estratégias e nas interferências no tecido urbano da cidade, em suas implantações e na criação dos espaços habitacionais. Por último, a análise dos exemplos se dará baseada em conceitos, principalmente, envolvendo identidade e lugar, pela recorrência em todos de unidades de vizinhança, de diversos portes e conformações, mas com a função conceitual projetual de promover a integração e a lugaridade dos moradores com seus espaços de moradia, convivência e sociabilidade. / The study deals with the architecture and politics of social housing in Brazil and England, presenting the concepts that permeate the implantation of housing complexes, housing of social interest and its purposes, the modern city idea and its implantation in both countries , the historical chronology of housing policies and a comparative analysis of case studies of each nationality. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate how and in what way the housing policy influenced the architecture and housing production of the both countries, what guidelines in public policies favored housing production and, through case studies, to verify how these influences are manifested in architecture. In order to reach the objective, a periodization was elaborated and selected housing complexes as representative case studies of each period. The conceptual outline will standardize information and guidelines, which will be conducted throughout the work, highlighting what differs in each country and what resembles its macro definitions, strategies and interferences in the urban fabric of the city, its implantations and the creation of housing spaces. Finally, the analysis of the examples will be based on concepts, mainly involving identity and place, by the recurrence in all neighborhood units, of various sizes and conformations, but with the conceptual design function of promoting the integration and the place of the inhabitants with their living spaces, coexistence and sociability.

The thesis analyses housing policy in the Federal Republic of Germany and Czechoslovakia in 1948/9-1960. The aim of the thesis is to verify the assumption, that whereas housing policy of the FRG can be considered as rather successful, that of Czechoslovakia was rather unsuccessful. In addition to that, the thesis aims at interpreting the success/failure with respect to 1) the factual political steps of the two regimes, 2) the level of economic development and demographic trends, 3) the traditions of housing policies before 1948/9 and 4) the situation in housing sector immediately after WWII. The successfulness of housing policy is derived from its results in realm of dwelling construction, financial affordability and quality of housing. The methodological section contains a theoretical classification of the two political and social systems and a definition of housing policy and criteria of the comparison. Following two chapters analyse housing policy traditions before 1948/9 and housing policy of the two states in 1948/9-1960. In the latter case, before anything else, the chapter introduces the institutional framework, main actors and the most important legislation. However, the comparison as such is rather based on results of the respective housing policies. These are - in the last section -...