Housing shortage is an on-going challenge young Swedes face when moving from home trying to get their own accommodation. The vast majority of municipalities have reported a housing shortage in last years housing market survey carried out by Boverket. This study seeks to find out how the housing supply for students in Umeå have developed during the last five years. To achieve this literature studies and statistics from mainly SCB (Statistics Sweden) have been used. Additionally, interviews with the municipality and companies on the housing market have been held to understand their point of view and how they work with the matter. The study shows that the mutual opinion from all parties is that the conditions for students housing supply is better today then five years ago. One of the reasons being the growth of the housing supply while the students themselves have remained at almost the same amount. Although the study suggests a better situation for the students it reveals another present challenge, how todays housing stock might be a mismatch with what students needs and wishes for in their dwellings.

Throughout the 20th century, millions of people immigrated to California in search of sunny weather, economic opportunity, and affordable housing. However, since the 1970s, Californians’ economic mobility has dissipated under a persistent affordable housing shortage. This thesis examines the affordable housing crisis and the political and economic incentives underpinning it. In surveying the historical evolution of state and local land use planning since the early 20th century, this thesis analyzes the effects of policy changes on housing supply in the Bay Area and Greater Los Angeles. It argues that California’s land use planning framework limits housing supply by prioritizing homeowner interests, and concludes with policy recommendations to align this framework with regional and state housing goals.

The majority of Sweden’s municipalities have for the last decade reported a housing shortage. This housing shortage, created by a combination of low construction rates and a rapidly growing population, has resulted in the biggest building boom Sweden has seen since the Million Dwellings Program. Although building rates are high, there is a continuous trend of housing becoming increasingly expensive, and the housing shortage today is mainly that of affordable rental housing. During the great housing shortage of the 20th century, the allmännytta, Sweden’s public rental companies was created and their role has traditionally been to provide affordable rental housing for all. Since the 1990s this role has changed and in 2011 the allbolagen 2010:879 was implemented, requiring these previous non-profit companies to act according to business principles, in addition to being socially responsible. This thesis investigates the role of Swedish public rental companies in regards to the current housing shortage and in the light of this law change. This is done through the use of qualitative interviews with representatives of the municipality, the tenant’s association and the allmännytta in the cities of Uppsala, Västerås and Örebro. The study finds that the business principles of the allbolagen 2010:879 is interpreted in different ways by the different allmännytta companies. It further finds that the role of the allmännytta in regards to the housing shortage still is to build rental housing, but the limitations created by the requirement of business principles makes this increasingly difficult as the allmännytta cannot act in ways different from the private sector. Instead they try to take their role of being socially responsible through other, related projects and by housing a disproportionally large amount of those incapable of acquiring housing on their own. Affordability is also increasingly made difficult as the municipality set related goals for the allmännytta’s housing construction, such as sustainability, which pushes prices up. Originally created to deal with the housing shortage of the 20th century, the gradual changes of housing politics since the 1990s renders the allmännytta as neither responsible nor capable to deal with the housing shortage of today by providing and constructing affordable housing. The study finds that the role of the allmännytta in regards to the housing shortage is conflicting, as older ideals of the Folkhem and newer principles of neoliberalism are entangled.

On February 2010, in a conference on the future of cities in London, United Nation‟s head of housing agency Anna Tibaijuka proclaimed that "After HIV and Aids, the biggest threat to sustainable development in Africa is rapid and chaotic urbanisation, because it is a recipe for disaster for increased tensions and pressure" (MacLellan, 2010). It is truly unfortunate that a word like urbanization that for centuries has represented better living standards and growth is now viewed as a threat to sustainable growth and likened to an incurable disease. When people move to urban cities in search of a better life, they deserve to find something better than what they left behind and that is what justifies this research. The purpose of this paper is to find ways on how best to direct rapid urbanization in Ethiopia towards becoming a resource rather than a source of chaos. A comprehensive literature review complemented by a questionnaire survey distributed to real estate developers in Ethiopia was conducted as part of the qualitative research method adapted. The finding of the research show that Ethiopia has one of the highest proportions of urban population living in slums and housing deficit is at an all-time high. The government has introduced a number of policies and is trying to provide housing for low-income people while the private sector in the real estate industry is mainly meeting the needs of high-income people. The study found that this division in task will eventually lead to the segregation of the city into rich and poor neighborhoods that will ultimately make matters worse. The study also showed that with the adaption of policies that allow for the integration and collaboration of the government, the private sector and the people; opportunities of creating a conducive living environment for all income groups exist.

Existing literature on boarding and rooming establishes the important role of boarding in the housing market. Boarding and rooming have traditionally provided temporary, inexpensive accommodation for those who have come to the city to seek employment. The first half of the twentieth century was a period of dramatic economic and social change and yet there is no study of boarding during this period. This is a study of the declining incidence of boarding and rooming in Hamilton during the period 1900 to 1948. There is a dramatic decline in boarding and rooming during the first fifteen years of the twentieth century. Rates remain low during the 1920's with a slight resurgence seen during the Great Depression and the Second World War. There is a substantial decline in boarding and rooming over the entire period of study 1900 to 1948. Also, there is a decline in the percentage of boarders and roomers that were boarders during the period of study. Changing social tastes demonstrate an increasing preference for the nuclear family. Therefore, individuals residing with the family are no longer encouraged to live as one of the family. The relationship that exists between boarding and rooming and periods of economic prosperity and recession are found to be complex and contradictory in nature. Although periods of prosperity allow individuals to find their own accommodation, this same prosperity attracts increasing numbers of people to the city creating a housing shortage and causing people to have to double up. Similarly, periods of recession create a need for inexpensive accommodation but also, many individuals return to farming during these periods. Finally, the decline that took place in boarding and rooming during this period cannot be explained exclusively by economic changes but also by dramatic social changes that were also taking place during this period. / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

Housing shortage is an issue many young adults have to face when moving to Umeå as students, as well as the never ending queues to rent a below average apartment or dorm in the outskirts of the city. Anyone who moves to Umeå to study, should be able to find a safe and adequate place to live in proximity to the university and city center; not only because students in themselves are a diverse and valuable part of the population and the city’s growth, but because housing is a basic necessity that needs to be fulfilled. How can architecture improve students’ lives in Umeå? This project is located at Hamrinsberget, an underused hill that functions as a powerful tool for students to gain restitution as they rise above the city. The nature surrounding the apartment building provides a peaceful and calm environment for studying. As this young population is put in a vulnerable social position when moving to a new city, possibly all by their lonesome, a strong community has been prioritized during the design process. Shared spaces consisting of study areas on each floor have been implemented, as well as central social areas where parties and dinners can take place. This was intended to make the residents not only feel welcome and safe, but to learn and develop under ideal conditions. This is how the future way of living as a student is introduced.

Studiens syfte är att besvara frågan vilka attribut som föranleder att kommuner uppger att de har bostadsbrist. Genom att betrakta svenska bostadsbristen ur historisk kontext ges en bild av vad tidigare erfarenheter inombostadsplaneringen kan bidra med till dagens utveckling. De tidigare utföranden som beprövats sätts i kontrast till dagens tillvägagångssätt som i hög utsträckning tillskrivs liberalisering av bostadsmarknaden sedan 1990-talet. Med Boverkets Bostadsmarknadsenkät 2021 har Sveriges kommuner uppgett huruvida de uppleverbostadsbrist eller inte. Med logistisk regressionsanalys svarar studien på i vilken utsträckning olika faktorer somtas upp kopplade till Life Cycle Theory påverkar skillnader i efterfrågan på bostäder kommunerna emellan. Teorin lyfter de olika stadierna i livet som ger upphov till hushållens skilda behov. Detta yrkar en förståelse för hushållens situation och att bostadsbristens räddning inte enbart ligger i uppförandet av nya bostäder. Resultatet visar på att det i högst grad är demografiska faktorer som kan förklara variationer i svenska kommuners tendens att uppge om de har bostadsbrist. Däremot kan ökad upplevd bostadsbrist främst tillskrivas befolkningstillväxten, ekonomiska- och byggnadsrelaterade faktorer.

Housing shortage and its impact on the society has been one of the most discussed topics during the past decade. The aim of this thesis was to explore the possible effects the introduction of market rents could have on rental housing. We observe an existing free market which can be seen as a close substitute to the rental market today, namely the market of tenant owned apartments and estimate the possible market rents based on that. Three Swedish cities have been studied. The results showed that there are possible increases and decreases in rents, variation between and within cities as well as variation between the time periods.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-17T16:23:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaqueline Babetto Figueiredo.pdf: 2005618 bytes, checksum: b93dad12f801588ecdcb9f5d5e3b8a0b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T16:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaqueline Babetto Figueiredo.pdf: 2005618 bytes, checksum: b93dad12f801588ecdcb9f5d5e3b8a0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / Our objectives are: to understand how the reproduction of capital changes the landscape in the city of São Paulo producing segregation and therefore an uneven city. And also consider the housing problems resulting from this dynamic, from the decade of 1970. The main conclusions are: the housing shortage is an old problem in São Paulo since the 1940s, with the arrival of many migrants the housing buildings in poor neighborhoods is common; from the 1970s housing problems were deepened, now on a new dynamic; housing policies are more beneficial to private groups involved in the execution, which in fact, those in need / Os objetivos desse trabalho são: compreender como a reprodução do capital modifica a paisagem na cidade de São Paulo produzindo segregação e, portanto, uma cidade desigual. E também analisar os problemas habitacionais decorrentes dessa dinâmica, a partir da década de 1970. As principais conclusões deste trabalho são: a carência habitacional é um problema antigo na cidade de São Paulo, desde a década de 1940, com a chegada de muitos migrantes, as construções de moradias em bairros precários é comum; a partir da década de 1970, os problemas habitacionais foram aprofundados, agora sobre uma nova dinâmica; as políticas habitacionais são muito mais benéficas aos grupos privados envolvidos na execução do que, de fato, àqueles que necessitam

The aim of this study was to illuminate how social workers in social services work with the social phenomenon, homelessness in two municipalities. The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with interviewees from a department of social services. Our theories that we used was resistant inequality, structural discrimination, exclusion, empowerment and representation. After compilation of our empirical our conclusions are that homelessness is a complex phenomenon. Social workers handles homelessness based on client’s needs and the work is individualized. There are no specific plans or guidelines. Homelessness is integrated in the organisation. The responsibility lies mainly on the individual to find housing. One other conclusion is that the landlords and housing are the largest affiliates to the social services regarding homelessness. The social workers work to prevent evictions by grants rent arrears because the housing market is the biggest problem. It’s a growing problem in both municipalities.