The purpose of this study is to examine some factors that make a human grouse hunter to prolong and increase its hunting effort. The theory of optimal foraging is used for explaining their behavior. The data of this study is collected from a web-based inquiry from 2007 answered by grouse hunters in Sweden. The method that has been used is mainly bivariate statistics and logistic regression analysis. Key findings shows that an experienced grouse hunter has more than 5 times the chance of prolonging hunting effort when grouse density is high, compared to a beginner grouse hunter. On the same time experienced grouse hunters also stop hunting in advance when grouse density is low to a larger extent than inexperienced hunters. Other factors of importance for prolonging the hunting effort for a day are age and the travel distance to the hunting area. A hunter in the age of 35-60 years has got half the likelihood of prolong a good hunting day, compared to a hunter younger than 35 years old. A hunter that has travelled more than 300 km to the hunting area has got half the likelihood of prolonging, compared to a hunter with less than 300 km from its home adress to the hunting area. Conclusions: The result suggests that the behaviour of an experienced hunter is easier to explain by optimal foraging theory than less experienced hunters.

To effectively implement climate change mitigation and carbon sequestration activities in the southern US, nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowner participation is necessary because of the significant number of acres of forest land under their ownership. This study intended to develop a typology of NIPF landowners based on their reasons of owning forestland, assess their attitude toward climate change and carbon sequestration, and evaluate their participation behavior toward forest carbon sequestration in the southern US. A mail survey of NIPF landowners in the southern US was used to collect the data necessary for this study. Study results indicated that landowners in the southern US could be segmented into multi-objective, timber and amenity oriented landowners; and landowner groups differed in terms of their ownership characteristics, management behavior, and interest toward forest carbon sequestration. Additionally, the southern landowner attitudes toward climate change and carbon sequestration could be grouped into positive, negative, and undecided types; with the undecided group composing the largest proportion of landowners. However, few landowners indicated having a good understanding of forest carbon sequestration, indicating the need for more education and outreach activities in this region. In addition, landowner willingness to participate in carbon sequestration practices was different when such practices were more profitable, revenue neutral or less profitable than timber management only. Although many landowners would require a significant profit to participate in carbon sequestration programs, others would participate with little or no incentives. Those having recreational goals for their property were the most likely landowners to participate in carbon sequestration. Similarly, positive attitudes toward climate change (i.e., with a belief that climate change is scientifically proven) and a good understanding of forest carbon sequestration positively affected landowner participation in forest carbon sequestration. Economic implementation of climate change policy could be achieved by designing education, incentives, or assistance programs to connect with recreational goal landowners in the southern US.

Alors que la production de masse représentait le paradigme industriel dominant dans les années 80, le Toyota Production System, le système d'amélioration continue exemplifié chez Toyota, a suscité l'intérêt de nombreux chercheurs et industriels à la recherche de moyens d'améliorer la performance opérationnelle et financière des organisations. L'objectif de la thèse repose sur la caractérisation de la dimension humaine dans les systèmes de production intégrant une forte composante d'amélioration continue dans le but de la considérer lors du processus d'adoption. Pour cela, la thèse s’oriente autour de trois contributions majeures : la définition de la dimension humaine inhérente au Lean, l'évolution historique des éléments constituants cette dimension humaine et son opérationnalisation au travers du rôle des experts du Lean dans le processus d'adoption. / While mass production was the dominant industrial paradigm of the 1980s, the Toyota Production System, Toyota's exemplary continuous improvement system, has attracted the interest of many researchers and industry in seeking ways to improve operational and financial pe1formance of their organizations. The aim of this thesis is to characterize the human dimension in production systems including a strong component of continuous improvement in order to consider it during the adoption process. For this, the thesis focuses on three major contributions: the definition of the human dimension inherent to Lean, the historical evolution of the elements that represent this human dimension and its operationalization through the rote of Lean experts in the adoption process.

My dissertation is a selection of essays that reflect upon human potential, particularly but not exclusively, within educational environments. I offer theory and practices that suggest that under the right conditions educators and students will move towards the far reaches of their own creative capacities. I offer my own experience and practice as an exemplar of possibilities. I make proposals about educators and education of educators that represent a paradigm shift from centralizing curriculum and content to focusing on care, nurturance, subjective and inter-subjective understanding, and development of educators. The reader is invited to see educators as central, and is encouraged towards the possibility that educators must be supported, encouraged, and cared for in order to support emergence of their vitality, first for themselves and subsequently for students. I outline an approach that puts human beings in educational environments first in practical and specific ways. Integration of personal experience and curriculum material is explicated. The importance of personal inner work for educators is highlighted. Inner Work is characterized as a personal and spiritual process. The claim that educators need to have group facilitation skills is made and evidence offered. Philosophical and theoretical background from education, eastern and western philosophy, humanistic and transpersonal psychology, process-oriented methods, and counselling psychology are drawn upon. The approach is holistic and systemic. The human is viewed as important but not separate from other living beings or the environment. The values of presence, care, and deep democracy underlie the ideas. The importance of relationality and I-Thou connection are explicated. The writing and research draws on a variety of qualitative approaches, including, living inquiry, autobiography, and self-study, as well as conceptual, narrative, poetic, auto-ethnographic, heuristic, and analytic methods. The material, personal, and ephemeral are investigated as integrated parts of the Dao-Field of education and life.

My dissertation is a selection of essays that reflect upon human potential, particularly but not exclusively, within educational environments. I offer theory and practices that suggest that under the right conditions educators and students will move towards the far reaches of their own creative capacities. I offer my own experience and practice as an exemplar of possibilities. I make proposals about educators and education of educators that represent a paradigm shift from centralizing curriculum and content to focusing on care, nurturance, subjective and inter-subjective understanding, and development of educators. The reader is invited to see educators as central, and is encouraged towards the possibility that educators must be supported, encouraged, and cared for in order to support emergence of their vitality, first for themselves and subsequently for students. I outline an approach that puts human beings in educational environments first in practical and specific ways. Integration of personal experience and curriculum material is explicated. The importance of personal inner work for educators is highlighted. Inner Work is characterized as a personal and spiritual process. The claim that educators need to have group facilitation skills is made and evidence offered. Philosophical and theoretical background from education, eastern and western philosophy, humanistic and transpersonal psychology, process-oriented methods, and counselling psychology are drawn upon. The approach is holistic and systemic. The human is viewed as important but not separate from other living beings or the environment. The values of presence, care, and deep democracy underlie the ideas. The importance of relationality and I-Thou connection are explicated. The writing and research draws on a variety of qualitative approaches, including, living inquiry, autobiography, and self-study, as well as conceptual, narrative, poetic, auto-ethnographic, heuristic, and analytic methods. The material, personal, and ephemeral are investigated as integrated parts of the Dao-Field of education and life.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / This study outlines human dimensions in the hake sector in South Africa in terms of hake fish workers. The hake fish workers condition of employment, security of employment, social security issues, remunerations and their living conditions forms part of the social, economic and political dimensions in hake fisheries. The need for ensuring sustainable long-term utilisation of the hake resource and to manage, prevent and reduce all adverse effects of harvesting the hake stock through knowledge based intervention is crucial to this study. Sustainable fisheries management can use the working and living conditions of fish workers as indicators for effective management of fisheries. Fish workers issues, which include their conditions of service, contractual agreements, work safety, income, working hours and other human dimensions, may have an effect on the effective sustainable management. Ecosystems approaches takes into consideration the human dimensions and ecological consideration for effective fisheries management. Knowledge of the historical and economic importance of the hake sector is crucial for the planning and future of the fisheries. Applying the concept of the ecosystems approaches to hake fisheries management is also critical in understanding the human dimensions in hake fisheries. The qualitative methodology of field work was used in understanding the human dimensions in commercial hake fisheries. The investigation into the fish workers labour issues and living conditions through a field work highlighted that the labour issues such as type of employment (permanent or casual), conditions of employment (social security, regulated hours of work, good working conditions), stagnation in terms of promotion, remuneration and issues surrounding labour brokers are some of the social issues in the hake sector. The living conditions of fish workers, stagnation and improved remuneration should be attended to in the sector. Fish workers in the hake sector rely on wages for their livelihood. Workers’ participation in decision-making at governance level should be enhanced for effective governance in the fisheries

<p>Innovation is promoted as a means to address global environmental challenges and achieve resilience in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Innovation allows for adaptation and transformation in socio-ecological systems as part of the adaptive cycle. Within resilience literature, there are myriad definitions of innovation and disagreement about how to motivate diffusion of innovation, making implementation and the sustainability of innovations difficult. Specifically, matching the correct innovation to a given challenge and motivating the adoption of the innovation remains a roadblock to using innovation to address global environmental change. Here we show that there are explicit conflicts among definitions of innovation, and that innovation in the field does not align with some of these definitions. We found that the diverse definitions of innovation show a more complex view of innovation than normative treatment in policy suggests. We also found that several interacting motivations affect long-term participation in certain innovation activities. We discovered that binary views of innovation as either incremental or radical are generally supported in examples of innovation in the field, although some of the most successful examples of innovation better aligned with a continuum view of innovation associated with the adaptive cycle. Our results add to the warm-glow hypothesis that for altruistic tasks, the degree of participation motivated by a warm-glow feeling which can be enhanced by other motivations. Contrary to crowding out theory, our results suggest that monetary incentives result in higher adoption in Malawi where cost of contributing is high. The findings demonstrate the complexity of innovation, the misalignment between policy and practice, and ways in which adoption might be optimized. This research is a starting point to inform discussion about pragmatic innovation typologies. Such a typology could help operationalize the SDGs by framing the innovation dialogue between policy and practice.</p>

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The purposes of this research were 1) to understand what stakeholders in one nature center are "thinking"about the focus of their center and the niche it occupies; 2) to characterize the role of one nature center in its local community; 3) to examine the nature center in terms of established characteristics of a "best" nature center; 4) to compare stakeholder perceptions with perceptions of directors of exemplar nature centers and environmental education organizations; and 5) to characterize visitor and member stakeholder perceptions and motivations in terms of the extrinsic value of ecosystem services, bioeconomics, versus the intrinsic value of nature, biophilia. This research was conducted utilizing case study methodology with mixed method data collection. Ijams Nature Center visitors and members were surveyed concerning the value of nature; structured interviews were administered to Ijams Nature Center employees, nationally recognized nature center and environmental organization directors. Visitors‘ perceptions of nature focused on the natural surroundings of the nature center, providing opportunities to watch wild animals, appreciate nature, and feel at peace. Nature center member perceptions of nature reflected the concepts of stewardship and advocacy fostered by the Center‘s conservation mission, education programs, and preservation activities. Participants shared common thematic concepts for the role of nature centers and the characteristics of a best nature center. A best nature center was characterized as a composite of factors, practices, and perspectives that merge to form a business plan reflective of best practice guidelines. Participants highlighted the unique quality of centers and the passion and vision that guides development and the roles played by nature centers in their local communities, as identified in this study, i.e., education, advocacy, and immediacy. Ijams Nature Center visitors and members valued nature differently in terms of bioeconomics and biophilia, but both groups rated the biophilic value of nature of greater importance, with differing constructs reflective of that value.

Som invånare i en alltmer global värld, är det kanske inte konstigt att man ibland känner sig liten. Städer växer och därmed kan känslan av att tillhöra ett grannskap lätt försvinna. En känsla av rastlöshet kan göra att det är svårt att hitta något att knyta an till. Man kan argumentera om människans natur, men att människor är sociala varelser som har ett behov av att interagera med varandra, kan nog de flesta av oss skriva under på. Publika platser bör därför fylla behovet av en plats där gemenskap kan växa, men trender inom stadsplanering verkar gå i motsatt riktning. Vi behöver platser, stigar och vägar som är ämnade för oss, där det finns utrymme för möten och samspel. Vi behöver en urban miljö som stöttar vårt vardagsliv och tillåter oss att bara vara. Cultural planning är ett tillvägagångssätt och koncept som har potentialen att sammanfoga glappet mellan stadsplanering och invånarnas behov. I vår studie identifierar och utforskar vi ett nätverk av personer och grupper som är involverade i cultural planning. I nätverket är terminologin omdiskuterad och anses problematisk, vilket ledde oss till våra frågor: Vad är cultural planning? Hur kan cultural planning som koncept bli mer etablerat? Hur kan nätverket inom cultural planning stärkas? Våra mål är att definiera konceptet genom att hitta dess karaktäristiska språk. Detta för att hitta ett gemensamt språkbruk som nätverket kan använda. Vi kallar detta för unboxing cultural planning. Huvudfokus i denna studie är konceptet cultural planning. Då konceptet är så pass omfattande och mångsidigt, kommer vi att undersöka det genom olika teoretiska perspektiv baserade på olika professioner, utifrån tre utgångspunkter; cultural planning som en term, som ett tillvägagångssätt och dess värdegrund. Genom att konstruera fallstudier och analysera dem genom fyra relevanta teorier, kommer vi göra ett förslag på hur konceptet och nätverket kan bli mer etablerat. / As citizens in an increasingly global and digitalized world, everyone feels small from time to time. Cities expand and at the same time the sense of belonging to a neighbourhood decrease. It is hard to find a way to root ourselves. While arguments occur over human nature, it is safe to assert that humans are social beings, and we have a need to interact with each other. Public spaces should fill the need of physical space were communities and neighbourhoods can meet, but trends in city planning move in different directions. We need places, paths and roads that are built for us, where there is room for interaction and encounters. We need an urban everyday life that allows us being human. Cultural planning is an approach and concept that has the potential to fill the void between city planning and citizens’ needs. When talking about tools in the field of cultural planning, we must ask what tools exist and how do we use them? In this thesis we identify and explore a network of people and groups involved with cultural planning, as well as the different tools associated with it. Within the network, the term cultural planning is discussed as problematic. This led us to our questions: How is cultural planning conceptualized? How can cultural planning become more established and recognized? And how can the cultural planning network be strengthened?Our goals are to unbox the concept of cultural planning by finding its language, and during our process help the network in their future work of communicating cultural planning. We call this unboxing cultural planning. The central focus of this study is the concept of cultural planning. Since the concept is complex and not yet established, we will examine cultural planning from three starting points. Using perspectives from different professions and practitioners, we explore cultural planning as a term, as an approach, and as a collection of core values. By constructing case studies and analysing them through four relevant terms, we suggest on how to widen the concept and network of cultural planning.