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The interrelationships of nature based on Thoreau's Walden and Lovelock's Gaia hypothesisMeyers, Amanda 11 June 2009 (has links)
James Lovelock and Henry Thoreau propose a world view based on the connections between an individual and their personal landscape. This viewpoint is an alternative to the more prevalent world view of our mass society. The pervasive outlook disregards these connections and concentrates instead on isolationism. By viewing elements of the natural world as isolated entities, individuals are unable to comprehend the larger context, or environment of which these entities are a part.
William James, a philosopher of the early twentieth century, poses a philosophical foundation which reinforces Lovelock's and Thoreau's ideas. James' philosophy is "pragmatism, proposing ideas of relational thinking and the absence of absolutes. Lovelock and Thoreau il1ustrate the philosophy of James in the exploration of three concepts: (1) Beauty; (2) Spirituality; and, (3) Human Experience and Knowledge. The acknowledgment and internalization of these concepts leads to a different understanding of an individual's place in the world. Since this conception is not the prevalent viewpoint of the general public, this difference has the potential of creating a communication gap between student and professor, and between landscape architect and client. The implications of this communication gap are discussed. / Master of Landscape Architecture
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Negotiating Environmental Relationships: Why Language Matters to Environmental PhilosophyMartin, Vernon J. 12 1900 (has links)
The medium of language is important to environmental philosophy, and more specifically, to the establishment and understanding of environmental relationships. The differences between animal and human language point to our unique semantic range, which results from our neuro-linguistic process of signification. An examination of the linguistic implications of the problem of nature and the tenets of semiotics challenges the idea of a clean word to world fit. Because signs are the medium in which meaning is constructed, questions about nature must in part be questions of language. Environmental discourse itself is bound up in sociolinguistic productions and we must attend not only to what language says, but to what it does. NEPA functions as a speech act that systematically invokes an ethical framework by which it colonizes the domain of valuation and fails to provide a genuine opportunity for non-commodity values to be expressed.
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Informação e ação moral /Pereira, Paulo Henrique Araújo Oliveira. January 2015 (has links)
Orientadora: Maria Eunice Quilici Gonzalez / Banca: Leonardo Ferreira Almada / Banca: Mariana Claudia Broens / Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a relação entre informação e ação moral. A informação é aqui entendida como o substrato que pode ser empregado por agentes para desempenhar ações morais. A ação moral, por sua vez, expressa comportamentos de agentes humanos e/ou não humanos em suas relações individuais, coletivas e com o ambiente. Os problemas centrais que direcionam a presente reflexão podem ser assim enunciados: (1) qual é a relação entre informação e ação moral? (2) A relação informacional está necessariamente limitada ao domínio da razão? (3) Quais as vantagens e desvantagens de se investigar a relação entre informação e ação moral a partir de uma perspectiva não-antropocêntrica (ainda que necessariamente antropomórfica)? Para investigar esses problemas, vamos situá-los no contexto da Ética Informacional, que propõe subsídios teóricos para o estudo de temas da Ética relacionados às novas tecnologias da informação. Num primeiro momento, tecemos um panorama geral da abordagem Ética Informacional que adotamos como fundamento para a perspectiva Ética que pretendemos delimitar. A seguir, analisamos a hipótese da Filosofia Ecológica segundo a qual a percepção está diretamente ligada à ação, dispensando mediações representacionais abstratas na captação de informação: a informação ecológica é diretamente percebida pelo organismo e constitui um elemento essencial à percepção/ação. Embora a Ética não seja objeto de investigação da Filosofia Ecológica, analisamos a relação entre informação ecológica e ação moral inspirados em alguns de seus pressupostos com o objetivo de ressaltar a interdependência entre ação, complexidade e ambiente. Por fim, apresentamos elementos que poderiam auxiliar na elaboração de uma abordagem Ética Ecológica Informacional. / Abstract: The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the relationship between information and moral action. Information is understood here as the substrate that can be used by agents to perform moral actions. Moral actions, in turn, express the conduct of human and nonhuman agents in their individual, collective, and environmental relations. The main problems that guide the present reflection can be indicated as follows: (1) What is the relation between information and moral action? (2) Must informational relations necessarily be limited to the domain of reason? (3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of investigating the relation between information and moral action from a non-anthropocentric (but still necessarily anthropomorphic) perspective? To address these problems, we will situate them in the context of Information Ethics, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of ethical issues related to the new technologies of information. Firstly, we provide an overview of the Ethical Information approach that we adopt as a foundation for the Ethical perspective that we intend to elaborate. We then analyze the hypothesis of Ecological Philosophy according to which perception is directly linked to action, independent of abstract representational mediations in the acquisition of information: ecological information is directly perceived by organisms, constituting an essential element in perception/action. Although Ethics is not directly an object of investigation of Ecological Philosophy, we use some of its tenets to investigate the relationship between ecological information and moral action, aiming to highlight the interdependence among moral agency, complexity, and environment. Finally, we present elements that could help with the constitution of an Ecological Informational Ethics approach. / Mestre
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Informação e ação moralPereira, Paulo Henrique Araújo Oliveira [UNESP] 13 February 1915 (has links) (PDF)
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000858796.pdf: 1315279 bytes, checksum: 8e0d706d7fbe51684467f81a5811e71a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a relação entre informação e ação moral. A informação é aqui entendida como o substrato que pode ser empregado por agentes para desempenhar ações morais. A ação moral, por sua vez, expressa comportamentos de agentes humanos e/ou não humanos em suas relações individuais, coletivas e com o ambiente. Os problemas centrais que direcionam a presente reflexão podem ser assim enunciados: (1) qual é a relação entre informação e ação moral? (2) A relação informacional está necessariamente limitada ao domínio da razão? (3) Quais as vantagens e desvantagens de se investigar a relação entre informação e ação moral a partir de uma perspectiva não-antropocêntrica (ainda que necessariamente antropomórfica)? Para investigar esses problemas, vamos situá-los no contexto da Ética Informacional, que propõe subsídios teóricos para o estudo de temas da Ética relacionados às novas tecnologias da informação. Num primeiro momento, tecemos um panorama geral da abordagem Ética Informacional que adotamos como fundamento para a perspectiva Ética que pretendemos delimitar. A seguir, analisamos a hipótese da Filosofia Ecológica segundo a qual a percepção está diretamente ligada à ação, dispensando mediações representacionais abstratas na captação de informação: a informação ecológica é diretamente percebida pelo organismo e constitui um elemento essencial à percepção/ação. Embora a Ética não seja objeto de investigação da Filosofia Ecológica, analisamos a relação entre informação ecológica e ação moral inspirados em alguns de seus pressupostos com o objetivo de ressaltar a interdependência entre ação, complexidade e ambiente. Por fim, apresentamos elementos que poderiam auxiliar na elaboração de uma abordagem Ética Ecológica Informacional. / The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the relationship between information and moral action. Information is understood here as the substrate that can be used by agents to perform moral actions. Moral actions, in turn, express the conduct of human and nonhuman agents in their individual, collective, and environmental relations. The main problems that guide the present reflection can be indicated as follows: (1) What is the relation between information and moral action? (2) Must informational relations necessarily be limited to the domain of reason? (3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of investigating the relation between information and moral action from a non-anthropocentric (but still necessarily anthropomorphic) perspective? To address these problems, we will situate them in the context of Information Ethics, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of ethical issues related to the new technologies of information. Firstly, we provide an overview of the Ethical Information approach that we adopt as a foundation for the Ethical perspective that we intend to elaborate. We then analyze the hypothesis of Ecological Philosophy according to which perception is directly linked to action, independent of abstract representational mediations in the acquisition of information: ecological information is directly perceived by organisms, constituting an essential element in perception/action. Although Ethics is not directly an object of investigation of Ecological Philosophy, we use some of its tenets to investigate the relationship between ecological information and moral action, aiming to highlight the interdependence among moral agency, complexity, and environment. Finally, we present elements that could help with the constitution of an Ecological Informational Ethics approach.
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Human factors fostering sustainable safe drinking water [manuscript] : a dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Humanities program in candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy /Etter, Catherine Sughrue. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Salve Regina University, 2006.
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Deep ecology: should we embrace this philosophy?Louw, Gert Petrus Benjamin 03 1900 (has links)
The planet is in a dismal environmental state. This state may be remedied by way of an integrated approach based on a holistic vision. This research examines which ecological ideology best suits current conditions for humans to re-examine their metaphysical understanding of nature; how we can better motivate people to embrace a more intrinsic ecological ideology; and finally, how we can motivate people to be active participants in their chosen ideology. I will attempt to show that Deep Ecology is the most suitable ecosophy (ecological philosophy) to embrace; in doing so I will look at how Oriental and occidental religion and philosophy altered (and continues to alter) the way we perceive nature. I will show how destructive, but also caring and constructive, humanity can be when interacting with the environment. The Deep Ecological and Shallow Ecological principles will be look at, as well as criticism and counter-criticism of these ecosophies.
KEY TERMS: Deep Ecology, Shallow Ecology, anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, extrinsic values, intrinsic values, motivational drive, ecosophy © University / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.A. (Philosophy)
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Fugere urbem et locus amoenus quaerere: uma análise ecocrítica de Marcovaldo ou As estações na cidade, de Italo Calvino / Fugere urbem et locus amoenus quaerere: an ecocritical analysis of Marcovaldo or The seasons in the city, by Italo CalvinoMarino, Mariana Cristina Pinto 23 February 2018 (has links)
A presente pesquisa propôs a análise de todos os vinte contos que compõem a obra Marcovaldo ou As estações na cidade (2015 [1963]), de Italo Calvino. O foco das análises voltou-se para o protagonista, Marcovaldo, um trabalhador pobre e em permanente estado de desconforto com as mudanças ocorridas no contexto social pós-guerra, especialmente na Itália, no período de seu milagre econômico, que foi impulsionado pelo fim de medidas protecionistas na economia (GINSBORG, 2003). Ao tentar romper com esse cenário, buscando a beleza genuína da natureza, Marcovaldo vê-se experienciando situações que sempre o levam ao descontentamento, intrinsecamente ligado a um novo tipo de relação humana e social, construída a partir não somente da consolidação das sociedades capitalistas modernas, como igualmente da imposição de um padrão único de comportamento à sociedade — a mutação antropológica, como proposto por Pier Paolo Pasolini (1978, 1997). A pesquisa debruçou-se sobre o olhar Ecocrítico (GARRARD, 2006), despertado pela obra em questão, que sugere, a partir da Literatura (e da incorporação de outras áreas como a Sociologia, a Biologia, a Antropologia), o estudo da natureza, suas relações com a mulher e o homem e o refinamento da percepção acerca de questões ecológicas frágeis, captadas com mais afinco a partir da década de 1960 (PIGA; MANSANO, 2015), apesar de as mudanças de perspectiva sobre a sensibilidade em relação à natureza estarem em constante modificação principalmente desde o Iluminismo (THOMAS, 2010 [1983]). A esta pesquisa foram igualmente incorporados pressupostos da Ecosofia (GUATTARI, 2006 [1989]), que sugere um ressignificar de procedimentos e discursos hegemônicos advindos do sistema sócio-político-econômico capitalista. Para tanto, fez-se necessário, conjuntamente, compreender problemáticas concernentes à conjuntura ambiental do século XX e seu impacto sobre as classes menos favorecidas economicamente (BOFF, 1995), assim como assimilar os desdobramentos referentes ao ecologismo dos pobres (via econômica baseada na justiça social), preconizado por Joan Martínez Alier (2014 [2007]), tendo em vista a classe social à qual Marcovaldo pertence. Alicerçada nos princípios descritos, a esta pesquisa coube, portanto, analisar as interações de Marcovaldo e sua família com a natureza e suas possibilidades, suas modificações e incorporação a um efervescente mercado consumidor, com vistas a refletir sobre a crise ecológica (das três ecologias, conforme Guattari) e assinalar hipóteses de superação para a mesma, por meio da apologia de um convívio menos predatório do ser humano relativamente aos outros seres que ao seu lado coabitam na Terra. / The present research proposed the analysis of all twenty short stories that compose the book Marcovaldo or the seasons in the city (2015 [1963]), by Italo Calvino. The analyses focused on the protagonist, Marcovaldo, an impoverished proletarian that finds himself in a continuous state of discomfort with the changes that occurred in the post-war social context, especially in Italy during the period of the economic miracle, which was driven by the end of protectionist measures in the economy (GINSBORG, 2003). In trying to break away from this scenario, seeking the genuine beauty of nature, Marcovaldo ends up experiencing situations that always lead him to a discontent that is inextricably linked to a new kind of human and social relationship, built not only on the consolidation of modern capitalist societies, but also on the imposition of a single standard of behavior on society – an anthropological mutation, as proposed by Pier Paolo Pasolini (1978, 1997). The research focused on the Ecocritical approach (GARRARD, 2006), awakened by the object, which suggests the study (incorporating references from areas such as Sociology, Biology and Anthropology to Literary Theory) of nature, its relationship with women and men, and the refining of perceptions about delicate ecological issues, captured more intensively since the 1960s (PIGA, MANSANO, 2015), although the changes in perspective on sensitivity to nature are constantly shifting, mainly since the Enlightenment (THOMAS, 2010 [1983]). This research also integrated the assumptions of Ecosophy (GUATTARI, 2006 [1989]), which suggests a re-signifying of hegemonic procedures and discourses derived from the capitalist socio-political-economic system. In order to do so, it was necessary, jointly, to understand issues related to the environmental context of the twentieth century and its impact on economically disadvantaged classes (BOFF, 1995), as well as to assimilate the consequences related to the environmentalism of the poor, advocated by Joan Martínez Alier (2014 [2007]), in view of the social class to which Marcovaldo belongs. Based on the principles described, this research therefore had to analyze the interactions of Marcovaldo and his family with nature and its possibilities, its modifications and assimilation into an effervescent consumer market, aiming to reflect on the ecological crisis (of the three ecologies, according to Guattari) and point out hypotheses of overcoming it, by means of the apology of a less predatory human conviviality in relation to the other beings that, with them, live on planet Earth.
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