El trabajo de investigación fue realizado en la operación minera Antapaccay de la empresa San Martin Contratistas Generales S.A durante el periodo 2018 - 2019, operación que identificó a los actos subestándares (Comportamientos inseguros) como causas principales de sus accidentes en los últimos años. Ante esta situación, la investigación buscó implementar el programa de Seguridad Basada en el Comportamiento con el propósito de prevenir y reducir los comportamientos inseguros de los trabajadores que podían generar eventos durante las actividades de trabajo de la empresa. El trabajo comenzó por la sensibilización a todo el personal de la operación desde la alta dirección, la línea de mando y colaboradores, buscando la participación y formación de observadores para el programa. Luego, se realizó la definición de responsabilidades por cada personal involucrado en el programa (Jefe de Seguridad, investigadores, gerente del proyecto, jefes de área y observadores). Asimismo, se realizó la elaboración y personalización de la cartilla de observación basándose en la matriz de riesgos y en las causas de los accidentes de la empresa de los últimos años. Después, se procedió a la formación de observadores que participarían en el programa distribuidos en los dos turnos de la operación. La presentación y difusión del programa se dio en la parada de seguridad con el apoyo de los colaboradores presentes. La recolección de las cartillas de observación fue llevada a cabo al término del día y después del proceso de intervención conductual. Estas cartillas fueron registradas y procesadas en la base de datos creados para elaborar un análisis de tendencias y plantear acciones correctivas inmediatas. La investigación midió la variación del número comportamientos seguros frente a los comportamientos inseguros semanal y mensualmente, evidenciando que los programas de seguridad conductuales pueden aumentar los comportamientos seguros y son de gran complemento y apoyo en la búsqueda de controles operacionales y medidas correctivas de un sistema de gestión de seguridad minero. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones de acuerdo a los resultados expuestos. / The research work was carried out in the Antapaccay mining operation of the company San Martin Contractors Generals S.A during the 2018 - 2019 period, an operation that identified substandard acts (unsafe behaviors) as the main causes of their accidents in recent years. Given this situation, the research sought to implement the Behavior Based Safety program with the purpose of preventing and reducing the unsafe behaviors of workers who could generate events during the company's work activities. The work began by raising awareness among all company staff from top management, the line of command and collaborators, seeking the participation and training of observers for the program. Then the definition of responsibilities was made by each personnel involved in the program (Chief of Security, researchers, project manager, area managers and observers). Likewise, the preparation and personalization of the observation card was carried out based on the critical risks and the causes of the accidents of the company in recent years. Afterwards, the observers who participated in the program, divided into two shifts of the operation, were trained. The presentation and diffusion of the program occurred at the security stop with the work of the present collaborators. The collection of information was carried out at the end of the day and after the process of behavioral intervention, the booklets were registered and processed in the database created to develop an analysis of trends and propose immediate corrective actions. The research measured the variation of safe behavior indexes versus unsafe behaviors on a daily, weekly and monthly basis, evidencing that behavioral safety programs can increase safe behaviors and are a great complement and support in the search for operational controls and corrective measures. Mining safety management system. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations are presented according to the results presented. / Tesis

Detecting human cognitive load is an increasingly important issue in the interaction between humans and machines, computers, and robots. In the past decade, several studies have sought to distinguish the cognitive load, or workload, state of humans based on multiple observations, such as behavioral, physiological, or multi-modal data. In the Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) cases, estimating human workload is essential because manipulators' performance could be adversely affected when they have many tasks that may be demanding. If the workload level can be detected, it will be beneficial to reallocate tasks on manipulators to improve the productivity of HMI tasks. However, it is still on question marks what kinds of cues can be utilized to know the degree of workload. In this research, eye blinking and mouse tracking are chosen as behavioral cues, exploring the possibility of a non-intrusive and automated workload estimator. During tests, behavior cues are statistically analyzed to find the difference among levels, using a dataset focused on three levels of the dual n-back memory game. The statistically analyzed signal is trained in a deep neural network model to classify the workload level. In this study, eye blinking related data and mouse tracking data have been statistically analyzed. The one-way repeated measure analysis of variance test result showed eye blinking duration on the dual 1-back and 3-back are significantly different. The mouse tracking data could not pass the statistical test. A three-dimension convolutional deep neural network is used to train visual data of human behavior. Classifying the dual 1-back and 3-back data accuracy is 51% with 0.66 F1-score on 1-back and 0.14 on 3-back data. In conclusion, blinking and mouse tracking are unlikely helpful cues when estimating different levels of workload. <br>

Syftet med studien är att undersöka projektmedlemmarnas upplevelser av framgångsfaktorer i projektet. En kvalitativ undersökning med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med nio projektmedlemmar. Intervjumaterialet bearbetades via tematisk analys och genererade ett resultat som visar att delaktighet och kommunikation är bidragande faktorer för framgång. Att det krävs förståelse för det som sker i projektet för att lyckas, detta genom att skapa tydlighet om projektets helhet och roller. Resultatet visar även att det behövs insyn i projektets olika delar och att delarna behöver samverka med varandra för att nå ett lyckat projektresultat. Slutsatserna är att projektmedlemmarnas olika tillvägagångssätt och agerande i projektet är faktorer som bidrar till framgång, vilket tydliggör betydelsen av mänskliga faktorer i lyckade projekt. / The purpose of the study is to examine the project members' experiences of success factors in the project. A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine project members. The interview material was processed through thematic analysis and generated a result that shows that participation and communication are a contributing factors for success. That it is necessary to understand what is happening in the project in order to succeed, by creating clarity about the project's whole and roles. The result also shows that transparency is needed in the different parts of the project and that the parts need to cooperate with each other to achieve a successful project result. The conclusions are that the different approaches and actions of the project members in the project are factors that contribute to success, which clarifies the importance of human factors in successful projects.

Within maintenance activities and industrial operations, human is subjected to different kind of stresses and situation that could result in mistakes and accidents. The human errors in maintenance and manufacturing are an unexplored latter such that a little focusis invested in this area. The report aims to widen up the understanding of the human error in maintenance and manufacturing area. Aviation and marine operations are the most sectors that are subjected to human errors according tothe literature. There aredifferent types of human error that have effect on quality and overall effectivity. Human reliability models are one method to quantify human errors and usually used for the identification of human errors and HEP calculation. The most common reliability measurement methods are HEART, THERP and SLIM which are used depending on application and industry. As a part of efforts to define differences between those reliability models, literature including different industries is used and itis found that expert judgement influences the success and accuracy of such methods. There are many causes for human errors depending on the application but, communication and procedures followed are the most contributing factors. There is always a probability of existence of human errors as the mistake done by workers are inevitable. Industry 4.0 can help in decreasing human errors through the introduction of operator 4.0 as well as other approaches like training and upgrading organizational standards.

Quality of care is important in health care systems, and reducing medication errors is an effective approach to improve health care quality because medication errors are not rare and can cause adverse patient outcomes. Current researchers have adopted contextual, macro level methods to study the medication administration process, but the association between cognitive factors and nurses’ abilities to identify medication errors during this process remains unclear. In this research, I tested whether methods for analyzing visual scanning patterns are applicable to the study of health care processes, specifically how nurses complete the medication administration process. The data used in this study was collected during three experiments wherein nurse participants wore an eye tracking device to record their eye movements while they performed a medication administration process, with some trials containing an embedded patient identification error. The three experiments included: Nurses administering medications in a simulated setting Nurses using barcoding technology to administer medication in a simulated setting Nurses using barcoding technology to administer medication in a real clinical setting I focused on four types of visual scanning patterns when analyzing the eye tracking data: 1) nurses’ eye fixation distributions, 2) nurses’ maximum consecutive eye fixations, 3) nurses’ eye gaze transition ratios, and 4) nurses’ two gaze scanpaths. By using the aforementioned methods, I was able to distinguish visual scanning patterns between groups of nurses who identified and did not identify a patient identity error, assessed how barcode technology influenced nurses’ visual scanning patterns, and assessed how nurses’ visual scanning patterns differed in simulated and real clinical environments. These findings may have implications for the design of medication administration protocols, nurse training, and technology design.

This work modifies Shamir’s algorithm by sharing a random key that is used to lock up the secret data; as against sharing the data itself. This is significant in cloud computing, especially with homomorphic encryption. Using web design, the resultant scheme practically globalises secret sharing with authentications and inherent secondary applications. The work aims at improving cybersecurity via a joint exploitation of human factors and technology; a human-centred cybersecurity design as opposed to technology-centred. The completed functional scheme is tagged CDRSAS. The literature on secret sharing schemes is reviewed together with the concepts of human factors, trust, cyberspace/cryptology and an analysis on a 3-factor security assessment process. This is followed by the relevance of passwords within the context of human factors. The main research design/implementation and system performance are analysed, together with a proposal for a new antidote against 419 fraudsters. Two twin equations were invented in the investigation process; a pair each for secret sharing and a risk-centred security assessment technique. The building blocks/software used for the CDRSAS include Shamir’s algorithm, MD5, HTML5, PHP, Java, Servlets, JSP, Javascript, MySQL, JQuery, CSS, MATLAB, MS Excel, MS Visio, and Photoshop. The codes are developed in Eclipse IDE, and the Java-based system runs on Tomcat and Apache, using XAMPP Server. Its code units have passed JUnit tests. The system compares favourably with SSSS. Defeating socio-cryptanalysis in cyberspace requires strategies that are centred on human trust, trust-related human attributes, and technology. The PhD research is completed but there is scope for future work. / Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF), Abuja, Nigeria.

No description available.

In our aging society, the design and implementation of a high-performance autonomous distributed vision information system for autonomous physical services become ever more important. In line with this development, the proposed Intelligent Vision Agent System, IVAS, is able to automatically detect and identify a target for a specific task by surveying a human activities space. The main subject of this thesis is the optimal configuration of a sensor system meant to capture the target objects and their environment within certain required specifications. The thesis thus discusses how a discrete sensor causes a depth spatial quantisation uncertainty, which significantly contributes to the 3D depth reconstruction accuracy. For a sensor stereo pair, the quantisation uncertainty is represented by the intervals between the iso-disparity surfaces. A mathematical geometry model is then proposed to analyse the iso-disparity surfaces and optimise the sensors’ configurations according to the required constrains. The thesis also introduces the dithering algorithm which significantly reduces the depth reconstruction uncertainty. This algorithm assures high depth reconstruction accuracy from a few images captured by low-resolution sensors. To ensure the visibility needed for surveillance, tracking, and 3D reconstruction, the thesis introduces constraints of the target space, the stereo pair characteristics, and the depth reconstruction accuracy. The target space, the space in which human activity takes place, is modelled as a tetrahedron, and a field of view in spherical coordinates is proposed. The minimum number of stereo pairs necessary to cover the entire target space and the arrangement of the stereo pairs’ movement is optimised through integer linear programming. In order to better understand human behaviour and perception, the proposed adaptive measurement method makes use of a fuzzily defined variable, FDV. The FDV approach enables an estimation of a quality index based on qualitative and quantitative factors. The suggested method uses a neural network as a tool that contains a learning function that allows the integration of the human factor into a quantitative quality index. The thesis consists of two parts, where Part I gives a brief overview of the applied theory and research methods used, and Part II contains the five papers included in the thesis.

L'agrégation d'activités pour l'identification de catégories de comportements est un enjeu majeur de tous les systèmes socio-techniques complexes actuels. La question clé consiste à réaliser une synthèse de façons de faire (ou praxies) intégrant la variabilité des opérateurs humains impliqués. Dans un cadre aéronautique, l'agrégation d'activités de pilotage vise à accélérer la détermination de procédures améliorant la sécurité des vols et l'efficacité des missions ; elle repose sur les données objectives des paramètres enregistrés des phases de vol significatives et se structure grâce à une interprétation experte. Un modèle d’Agrégation Supervisée : - décomposition, - maïeutique, - reconstruction, est ainsi établi dans cette thèse. Le cœur en est la 2e étape qui généralise et enrichit le concept de « moyenne » classique des approches probabilistes : une base d'apprentissage, constituée d'activités déterminées et caractérisées par l'interprétation experte, est utilisée pour identifier les motifs significatifs de paramètres enregistrés, c'est à dire les praxies qui agrègent donc les éléments essentiels des activités. Ceux-ci sont choisis au sein d'un ensemble de motifs paramétrables génériques, dont les divers seuils sont ajustés de manière incrémentale. Les motifs sont alors évalués selon les deux critères intrinsèques de cohérence et de pertinence de leurs seuils, ainsi que le critère extrinsèque de la conformité des résultats obtenus par leur utilisation aux vols de la base d'apprentissage. Peuvent à ce niveau se faire jour des groupements parmi les éléments de la base d'apprentissage, selon les motifs rendant compte des activités particulières. L'expertise doit également être généralisable pour permettre l'étude de plusieurs points-clé dans cette étape maïeutique.Ce modèle générique définit une activité comme une structure formelle de praxies, et ouvre la voie à un enrichissement de la 3e étape intégrant la multiplicité des rôles des opérateurs. / Aggregating activities in order to identify categories of behaviour is a major topic of actual complex socio-technical systems. The key issue lies in incorporating the variability of implied human operators in the synthesis of ways of doing (or praxis). Aggregation of piloting activities is directed to allow a faster and more secure determination of procedures enhancing flight security and mission efficiency; it is based on the objective data of flight parameters recorded during significant flight phases, and is carried under thorough expert interpretation.A Supervised Aggregation model, consisting in the 3 steps of 1) decomposition, 2) maieutics, and 3) reconstruction, is thus devised in the present PhD. At the heart of this aggregation process, the 2nd maieutic step generalizes and enriches the usual concept of ''mean'', deeply related to probabilistic approaches: a set of activities analyzed and characterized by the expert, the learning basis, is related to significant patterns in the lot of recorded flight parameter values, in other words the praxis resulting of the aggregation of the activities. The patterns are selected from a collection of customizable generic patterns, whose thresholds are incrementally adjusted using the learning basis. The obtained patterns are then assessed according to the three criteria of 1) coherence and 2) likelihood of the thresholds, as well as the 3) conformity of these patterns used on the learning basis. At this stage, groups among the studied behaviours might emerge, gathering those for which an activity would be depicted by similar patterns. Expert-knowledge must be generalized in order to perform the joint analysis of several key points in this maieutic step.This generic model defines an activity as a formal structure of praxis, paving the way towards the further developments of the process, through the enrichment of the 3rd step, incorporating the multiplicity of operating roles.

[pt] A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo explorar as diferentes possibilidades de aplicação de Digital Human Models em projetos para as áreas do Design, Arquitetura, Arte e Engenharia. A partir da construção de um panorama temporal das culturas antigas, com a redescoberta de valores o período do Renascimento e culminando na Revolução Industrial, seguindo com o fator humano sendo agregado aos requisitos de projeto na Revolução Industrial. Do contexto histórico da curiosidade humana por replicar sua imagem até a implementação da representação da forma humana como parâmetro projetual para o setor produtivo. Espera-se com a pesquisa um melhor entendimento dos Digital Human Models como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento de projetos, sua aplicabilidade e perspectivas futuras, possibilitando assim a consequente disseminação de seu uso e maior acessibilidade ao usuário final, bem como um mapeamento das etapas e tecnologias de criação dos modelos. / [en] The present research intends to explore the different possibilities on the application of Digital Human Models on projects for Design, Architecture, Arts and Engineering. Building a panorama over the time starting on ancient cultures, rediscovering values from the antiquity on the period of Renascence, and culminating on the Industrial Revolution, following with the human factor been adopted as a project requirement during the Industrial Revolution. From a historical panorama of the human curiosity for replicating its own image until the implementation of human representation as project parameters into the productive sector. The main goal of this research is to obtain a better understanding of Digital Human Models as a tool to be used on projects development, its applicability and future perspectives, allowing with it a consequent dissemination of its use and a bigger accessibility to the final user, as well as a mapping of the stages and technologies on creating those models.