Aujourd’hui, les écrans ont envahi nos quotidiens. Cette colonisation a engendré l’avènement de nouveaux écrans, les écrans de grand format. Or, ces grands écrans sont souvent utilisés comme de simples affichages statiques n’autorisant que très peu d’interaction aux utilisateurs en présence. Mais alors comment permettre des interactions multi-utilisateur et surtout quels modes et moyens d’interactions proposer afin d’interagir avec ces grands écrans ? Il faut évidemment définir des règles de collaboration : que faire si plusieurs personnes consultent la même information en même temps ? Comment permettre à un nouvel arrivant de prendre conscience de ce qu’il y a à voir alors que des utilisateurs ont déjà “transformé” l’affichage par leur utilisation courante ?Face à ces enjeux, notre travail a consisté, dans un premier temps, à tester des interactions multi-utilisateurs sur grand écran à l’aide d’un dispositif de détection et de suivi de la position et de l’orientation de la tête (head tracking) instrumenté. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence l’importance du concept de « vision flottante » dans la recherche collaborative d’informations sur grand écran. Dans un second temps, nos recherches se sont concentrées sur le développement d’un dispositif d’head tracking permettant des interactions multi-utilisateur (jusqu’à 6 personnes), sans artefacts et sans calibrage avec un écran de grand format. Enfin, nous présentons l’étude comparative d’un même affichage tantôt statique et tantôt rendu dynamique à l’aide de notre dispositif. Cette étude est basée sur l’évaluation de l’expérience utilisateur (UX). Ainsi, nous avons pu dégager les premières recommandations concernant les métaphores d’interactions à mettre en place pour interagir avec un écran de grand format dans un contexte d’usage en groupe ouvert.Ce travail de doctorat a été consacré à la mise en avant de la faisabilité, de l’intérêt et de la proposition de premières orientations concernant la conception d’interactions multi-utilisateurs avec un écran de grand format basées sur une technique d’head tracking. / Screens have invaded our daily life. Amongst them, large displays are becoming increasingly present in public places. Sometimes, a few interaction are proposed to the users, but most of the time they are simply used as static displays. So, how to interact with these large displays and especially how to allow multi-user interactions? Of course, we have to define rules for collaboration: what we have to do if several people consult the same information at the same time? How to allow a newcomer to become aware of what there is to see when users have already "transformed" the display by their current use?First, our work consisted in testing instrumented multi-user interactions, based on a head tracking system, during a collaborative information seeking task, on a large display. In this part, we have highlighted the importance of the concept of "floating vision". Then, our research focused on the development of a head tracking system allowing intuitive interactions, without needing neither a special equipment nor individual calibration. Our system supports several users (up to six) simultaneously interacting with individualized information on a large display. Finally, we present the study of performance gain within a context of multi-user competitive consultation of information. We compare the benefit of an adaptive display (information move in front of users who are focusing on them), with a standard display. This study is based on user experience (UX) analysis. Thus, we were able to identify the first recommendations about interaction metaphors allowing intuitive interactions with a large display in an open group context.This research was devoted to highlighting the feasibility, interest and proposition of initial orientations concerning the design of multi-user interactions with large public displays based on a head tracking technique.

The master’s thesis investigates the influence of a pilot‘s age and experience on the probability of aviation accident related to general aviation in the Czech Republic. The results were obtained using statistical analyses of data from aircraft accident final reports. The aim of the thesis is to propose the ways of decreasing the number of accidents caused by the analyzed factors while taking into account the current aviation legislation.

The master’s thesis investigates the influence of a pilot‘s age and experience on the probability of aviation accident related to general aviation in the Czech Republic. The results were obtained using statistical analyses of data from aircraft accident final reports. The aim of the thesis is to propose the ways of decreasing the number of accidents caused by the analyzed factors while taking into account the current aviation legislation.

Diploma thesis concerns methodology, safety and common pilot’s mistakes in phase of landing. It concludes statistics and landing accident reports of airplanes with maximum take-off weight of 5700 kg. It also concerns method of height estimating above ground. It describes usable systems for landing aid and suggests its own technical solutions for safety improvements based on poll.

Text in English / The study is a sociolinguistic exploration of the pedagogical value of Shona children’s oral art forms on a changing cultural terrain to situate them within contemporary classroom pedagogy. Critical Discourse Analysis, Afrocentricity and Constructivism are theories that informed the analysis of the Shona children’s oral art forms. The study is conducted within the qualitative paradigm as a descriptive study. Data was gathered through observartions, standardised open-ended interviews, focus group interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. The study established that Shona children’s oral art forms have responded positively to the changing environment in which they are performed in terms of form and content. While this is a positive development, this should be done with caution to ensure that indigenous knowledge systems that are the backbone of African societies are not abused on the global stage. The study has also affirmed that Shona children’s oral art forms are useful pedagogical tools for information dissemination and knowledge creation. It is also evident from the findings that the oral art forms are an embodiment of human factor values that enhance development education. Findings from this study established that Shona children’s oral art forms are reservoirs of values and norms cherished by the Shona as a people and can be reconstructed for teaching various concepts across the primary school curriculum. Evident from this study is that both teachers and learners are knowledgeable of the various traditional Shona children’s oral art forms although new creations are coined to adapt to the changing environment. This shows that the traditional forms are able to withstand the challenges of globalisation, and this resilience is a positive development since it creates an opportunity for researchers to document these in their unadulterated form for posterity. Since findings from the study highlighted threats to the children’s oral art forms due to the advent of technology and globalisation, there is need to act so that they are not pushed to the periphery as was the case during the colonial era. There is need for concerted efforts at packaging them and meaningful infusion of these into all aspects of children’s education for visibility within the changing environment to guard against their demise in an era of globalisation which may impact negatively on the Shona culture. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / Ph. D.(Languages, Linguistics and Literature)

En la presente investigación, se plasma la realidad de la cultura organizacional dentro del sector inmobiliario, ya que hoy en día, sobre todo en la situación actual que se vive por la pandemia debida al COVID-19, el factor humano ha tomado mayor relevancia de la que tenía con anterioridad, ya que las organizaciones se encuentran subsistiendo gracias al trabajo de los colaboradores y todo su empeño para sacarla adelante. Es así, esta investigación resalta los factores que los colaboradores identifican dentro de sus organizaciones y la valoración que le dan. Asimismo, es importante resaltar, que se comprueba la relación que existe entre la variable independiente cultura organizacional, y la variable dependiente desempeño organizacional, ya que, aunque este tipo de sectores no tienen un tratamiento especializado al personal que contratan para realizar diversas actividades dentro de las organizaciones, sobre todo en la selección y motivación constante, hace que no se pueda tener mayores resultados a los que se obtienen actualmente. Por ello, a lo largo del documento, se realizan las recomendaciones respectivas para una mejora de productividad por parte del sector en cada organización, ya que se demuestra, que, desde la potenciación y capacitación del factor humano, se pueden obtener resultados mejores a nivel organización y poder transmitir esos beneficios a futuros postulantes y volverse una organización con una cultura establecida y atractiva para el mercado laboral. Es así, que se demuestra a lo largo de la investigación las bases teóricas de cada variable y la demostración de relación que existe en cada una de ellos y sus tipos, dando como resultado el grado y su respectiva justificación. / In this research, the reality of the organizational culture within the real estate sector is reflected, since today, especially in the current situation experienced by the pandemic due to COVID-19, the human factor has taken on greater relevance in the one it had previously, since the organizations are subsisting thanks to the work of the collaborators and all their efforts to get it ahead. Thus, this research highlights the factors that the collaborators identify within their organizations and give it an assessment depending on whether it is being complied with in relation to the organizational culture and whether it is related to any of the types set forth herein. Likewise, it is important to highlight that the relationship between the independent variable, organizational culture, and the dependent variable, organizational performance, is verified, since, although these types of sectors do not have specialized treatment for the personnel they hire to carry out various activities within organizations. Therefore, throughout the document, the respective recommendations are made for an improvement in productivity by the sector in each organization, since it is shown that, from the empowerment and training of the human factor, better results can be obtained at the organization and be able to transmit those benefits to future applicants and become an organization with an established culture and attractive to the labor market. Thus, the theoretical bases of each variable and the demonstration of the relationship that exists in each of them and their types are demonstrated throughout the investigation, resulting in the degree and its respective justification. / Tesis

Business Intelligence-systems are well embedded in the daily work of managers in the organizations today. These systems have a significant impact on the management of big data as well as assisting managers in making decisions. The purpose of this study is to investigate how BI-systems affect decision making processes and the change of decision making in organizations and their activities, by looking into three aspects in Business intelligence (data quality, data analysis and the human factor). This study's approach consists of literature review and interviews with organizations who have implemented a BI-system in their activities. The results show that data quality does not have a direct impact on the use success of BI but is still an essential aspect when it comes to information management for decision making. Data analysis tools offers various of methods to help a decision maker in creating a decision basis for different types of decisions. BI-systems affects the decision-making process by making organizations think systematically in decision making in comparison with making decisions based on intuitions. / Business intelligence-system idag är väl inbäddade i det dagliga arbetet hos ledningen i organisationer. Dessa system har en stor inverkan på hanteringen av Big data och hjälper cheferna att fatta beslut. Studien syftar till att undersöka BI-systemens påverkan på beslutsprocesser och förändringen av beslutsunderlag hos organisationer och dess verksamheter, genom att undersöka utifrån tre aspekter inom BI som kan ha ett inflytande hos beslutsprocessen och beslutsunderlaget (Datakvalitet, dataanalys och mänskliga faktorn). Studiens tillvägagångssätt består av litteraturstudie och intervjuer med organisationer som har ett BI-system implementerat i deras verksamhet. Resultaten antyder på att datakvalitet har ingen direkt påverkan på framgången med BI men att kvalitetssäkring av data är fortfarande en essentiell del vid bearbetning av information för beslutsunderlaget, dataanalysverktyg erbjuder variationer av metoder för att hjälpa en beslutsfattare i att skapa beslutsunderlag för olika typer av beslut. BIsystems påverkar processen genom att organisationer utför ett mer systematiskt tänkande vid beslutshantering i jämförelse med att ta beslut på intuition.

La révolution numérique a favorisé l’apparition d’une nouvelle forme de criminalité : la cybercriminalité. Celle-ci recouvre un grand nombre de faits dont la plupart sont commis à l’aide de stratégies d’ingénierie sociale. Il s’agit d’un vieux phénomène, pourtant mal connu qui, encouragé par l’accroissement de données circulant sur Internet et par le développement de barrières techniques de sécurité, s’est adapté aux caractéristiques de l’univers virtuel pour une exploitation combinée des vulnérabilités « humaines » avec des outils numériques. L’ingénierie sociale transforme les utilisateurs qui deviennent, inconsciemment, facilitateurs des cyberattaques, au point d’être perçus comme le « maillon faible » de la cybersécurité. Les particuliers, les entreprises et les Etats sont tous confrontés au défi de trouver une réponse à ces atteintes. Cependant, les moyens juridiques, techniques, économiques et culturels mis en place semblent encore insuffisants. Loin d’être éradiquée, l’utilisation de l’ingénierie sociale à des fins illicites poursuit son essor. Face au manque d’efficacité de la politique criminelle actuelle, le travail en amont nous apparaît comme une piste à explorer. Savoir anticiper, détecter précocement et réagir promptement face à la délinquance informatique sont alors des questions prioritaires nécessitant une approche plus humaniste, axée sur la prévention et la coopération. Si nous sommes d’accord sur ce qu’il reste à faire, le défi est de trouver le« comment ». / The digital revolution has encouraged the emergence of a new type of criminal activity : cyber-crime. This includes a vast array of activities and offences that often use social engineering techniques. These techniques are old and not widely understood, yet benefit from the increase of data available online and the use of firewalls and other security systems. They have been adapted to work with the Internet and digital technologies in order to exploit the “vulnerabilities” of human psychology. Social engineering targets the user, who often unconsciously, allows access to systems or data, making the user the weakest link in the cyber-security chain. Individuals, companies and governments are all facing the same challenge in trying to solve these issues, utilising current legal, financial, technological and social resources which seem to be insufficient. Far from being eradicated, fraudulent activities that use social engineering continue to increase in prevalence. The inefficiency of current judicial polices forces us to consider alternative strategies upstream. Being proactive, predicting early and reacting quickly to computer related crimes should be the priority of a more humanistic approach which is focused on prevention and cooperation. Although one can agree on the approach ; the challenge is to find out how to implement it.

The doctoral thesis is thematically focused to human operator systems significantly contributing to this system reliability and safety. The theoretical part of the thesis is concerned with human activities and communications in MMS system, valuation and estimation of human reliability probability in MSS. The important part of the thesis is also a description of human operator neuromuscular system as an executive powerful system on MMS system regulating activities and the summary of human driver models in compensative lateral car control. The practical part of the doctoral thesis is based on analyses created by experimental data of drives. Experimental drives were done on drivers set following different backgrounds and different sleep deprivation at whole day. All experimental data was realized from the cooperation and following the agreement of Faculty of Transportation Science research centre on Prague ČVUT. Another part of thesis includes driver simulation model proposals with nonlinear components for lateral car control. Simulation model drives are compared with real drives or drivers on drive-simulator and there are monitored identical and different dynamic movement characteristics. The main target of doctoral thesis is to detect and obtain significant dynamical drive experience characteristics based on experimental data analyses. As well to found drive characters variability owing to driver’s fatigue and determinated evaluated characteristics changes. Acquired results of thesis should help in assistant systems that in cooperation with other components alert to micro-sleep and run off drive possibility.

The human factor and insider threats play a crucial role in information security. In today’s digital age, protecting organizational data requires a deep understanding of human behaviour and its impact on information security. The increasing volume of electronically stored data has led to a rise in cyber threats and breaches, necessitating effective information security policies and regulations. This study focuses on the experiences and perspectives of employees and top management in government agencies regarding the development, communication, compliance, and attitudes towards information security policies and regulations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from both top management or information security officers and regular employees, which allowed for an in-depth exploration of their experiences and perspectives. The findings show that government agencies systematically develop policies by engaging stakeholders, ensuring accessibility, and adhering to legal frameworks. Addressing the human factor involves training, awareness programs, and top management support. Policy development and implementation include risk assessment, stakeholder identification, objective setting, continuous review, and integration into daily operations. Communication channels such as intranets, training, coordinators, and awareness events are utilized, but their effectiveness is not directly measured. Proposed improvements include enhancing accessibility, improving policy document management, and using clearer language. Employees generally possess a positive attitude towards information security, though their understanding varies, and challenges to their understanding include complex language and unclear instructions. Compliance also varies, with difficulties arising from technical terminology and information overload. Enhanced compliance can be achieved through simplified language, providing better resources, and top management support. Proactive incident management focuses on learning and risk minimization. The human factor and insider threats remain significant concerns, which emphasizes the need for further education, awareness training, and motivation.