Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-08T16:58:17Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T16:58:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Esta tese, utilizando-se do mapa cognitivo Strategic Options Development and Analysis - SODA, se propôs a atender o objetivo nela especificado, ou seja, avaliar a importância do comprometimento organizacional para a implementação de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental SGA por parte dos quinze Gerentes de uma Instituição Pública Federal, localizada no estado de São Paulo. Os dados que compuserem o mapa cognitivo, foram obtidos por meio de entrevista face a face, no período de maio a novembro de 2015, e de reuniões grupais com os referidos Gerentes, no período de dezembro de 2015 a março de 2016. A utilização do método de estruturação de problemas - Problem Structuring Methods (PSMs) - mapa cognitivo - SODA possibilitou investigar, as possíveis incertezas, complexidades e conflitos, voltados para o elemento comprometimento, provenientes da adoção de uma gestão ambiental, por intermédio da implementação de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental SGA. O resultado da análise do mapa cognitivo demonstrou a importância do comprometimento organizacional quando da intenção de se adotar um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental. Diferentemente do entendimento de Barbieri (2007), o presente estudo coloca a importância desse comportamento não somente por parte da alta direção, mas também por parte de toda a equipe a ser envolvida nas atividades concernentes a tal sistema. Permitiu também a construção de um modelo de mensuração do comprometimento em relação ao Sistema de Gestão Ambiental SGA. O comprometimento mensurado por meio de referido instrumento, está dividido em dois componentes: afetivo que tem o comprometimento como um apego, como um envolvimento, onde ocorre a identificação com a empresa, funcionários com forte comprometimento afetivo permanecem na empresa porque querem, e normativo o comprometimento como uma obrigação em permanecer na organização, funcionários identificados com esse comportamento permanecem na empresa porque sentem que tem essa obrigação. O modelo de mensuração do comprometimento neste estudo sugerido, a ser validado em estudos longitudinais, permitirá mapear elementos de forma que possam observar tendências. Referido instrumento não foi validado neste estudo, no entanto sugere-se que estudos futuros, por meio de estudos longitudinais procedam sua validação. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Introduction: Falls are the leading cause of death due to injury among the elderly. Every 24 minutes an older adult dies from a fall related injury. Studies using 3 different methods were performed at a large urban, academic medical center in the US. Aim #1: Understand the advantages and disadvantages of QI methodologies (Lean and Six Sigma) and HFE when applied to fall prevention in the acute care setting: o Evaluate the contribution of QI and HFE to fall prevention with a focus on reducing falls with serious injury. o Use studies with different methodologies (Lean, Six Sigma) to develop and implement an intervention with the goal of decreasing total falls and falls with injury. o Compare methodologies (Lean, Six Sigma and HFE) to understand their benefits and limitations. Aim #2: Develop recommendations for fall prevention: o Investigate interventions and assess success of fall prevention. o Develop an understanding of interventions that prevent falls resulting in injury. Methodology and Results: Study #1 (Method = Lean, Intervention = Standard Work): Study #1 used Lean techniques such as standard work to improve fall risk assessment and intervention selection. Total falls decreased by 22%. At first glance this appears successful but a deeper evaluation of the serious injuries revealed more improvement is needed. There were still 15 falls with serious injuries that occurred among the three oncology divisions. These rare but serious injuries result in a longer hospital stay and increased cost of treatment that is not reimbursed. Due to a climate of increasing financial pressure further reduction of serious injury was desired. Study #2 (Method = Six Sigma, Intervention = Patient Partnering: Study #2 used Six Sigma tools to investigate root causes of falls. An intervention called Patient Partnering was developed to encourage patients to call for help and participate in preventing their own falls. There were no falls with serious injury for over 14 consecutive months. However, the intervention was difficult to sustain due to resistance from nurses and patients. Falls with injuries resumed as the intervention ceased. Study #3 (Method = Qualitative HFE, Intervention = Patient Interview): Study #3 was a qualitative study based on Human Factors principles to understand patient s perception of fall risk. It was found that patients did not think they would fall and felt particularly safe and protected while in hospital. They found it difficult to get around with IV tubes and crowed spaces. They wanted information and assistance when they need it, in the format they prefer (customized for each individual patient). Impact on society: Falls prevention interventions need to be designed for all the stakeholders (patients and staff). Patients think nurses will keep them safe and are willing to participate with fall prevention if they feel it is tailored to their needs. Until all perspectives are taken into account it is unlikely that there will be sustained and embedded improvements. Key message: Falls with injury are rare events with complex root causes that require agile solutions with constant revision to align with rapidly changing conditions and interactions. Reducing injury will take a balance between safe environment, organization, processes, tasks and behaviors from staff and patients.

De tekniska system som tävlar om förarens uppmärksamhet i bilar och lastbilar ökar både i antal och komplexitet. Detta kanske inte är ett problem på en rak, lugn motorväg men minskar fokus på själva körningen och om något oväntat skulle hända kan konsekvenserna bli allvarliga eftersom föraren är distraherad och kan behöva ta in för mycket information på en gång. Syftet med projektet var att utveckla ett system för att presentera endast relevant och önskad information till förare av lastbilar och bussar i kritiska trafiksituationer. Detta för att göra det möjligt för föraren att fokusera mer på körningen och därigenom göra den säkrare och bekvämare. Å ena sidan ska systemet upptäcka vilken typ av trafiksituation lastbilen befinner sig i. Å andra sidan ska det avgöra vilken typ av information som skulle vara relevant för föraren i den situationen. Med en litteraturstudie, insamlad statistik, intervjuer och författarnas åsikter som grund identifierades ett antal händelser (som telefonsamtal och förekommande varningar) som kan inträffa i förarhytten på en lastbil och hur mycket de vardera skulle öka förarens arbetsbörda (workload). Detsamma gjordes för ett antal vanliga trafiksituationer som kan betraktas som kritiska och kräver mer uppmärksamhet än att bara köra rakt fram. Dessa händelser och situationer betygsattes därefter utifrån hur mycket de skulle öka belastningen på de sinnen som används mest i en körsituation, nämligen: synen, hörseln, motoriken och kognitionen. Matriser gjordes i vilka uppgifter och situationer ställdes mot varje sinne med betyg vilket senare användes som grund för de tre koncept som utvecklades för systemet. Koncepten hette Jigsaw, Fever och Three’s a crowd och utvärderades i en workshop på Scania. De två första realiserades i form av prototyper som gjordes i programmet GUIDE. Logiken som byggdes upp i programmet bestod av tillståndsmaskiner och med boolsk logik samt if- och while-slingor. / The technical systems that compete for drivers’ attention in cars and trucks are increasing both in numbers and complexity. This may not be a problem on a straight and sound highway but definitely decreases the focus on the actual driving and if something unexpected was to happen there could be dangerous consequences, due to too much distraction and information overload. The purpose of the project was to develop a system to present only relevant and desired information to drivers of trucks and busses in critical traffic situations, for the Swedish truck manufacturer Scania. This will enable the driver to focus more on the driving thus creating a safer and more comfortable driving situation. On one hand the system had to detect what type of traffic situation the truck is in. On the other hand it had to determine what type of information would be suitable for the driver in that situation. With a literature study, statistics, interviews and the authors’ judgments as a basis the project first identified a number of tasks (like phone calls and occurring warnings) that can take place in the cab of a truck and then assess how much they respectively would raise the workload of the driver. The same was done for a number of common traffic situations that were considered as critical and demanded more attention than just driving straight ahead. All these tasks and situations were graded on how much they would raise the load on the senses most used in a driving situation: visual, auditory, motor and cognitive. Matrices were made cross-referencing the tasks and situations with the grades on each modality and was used as the basis for the three concepts for the system that was developed. The concepts called Jigsaw, Fever and Three’s a crowd were evaluated in a workshop at Scania and the first two were realized in the form of prototypes which were made in the software GUIDE. The logic was made up of state machines and Boolean operators and if- and while-conditions.

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Thesis (Doctora).

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-11-11T13:30:20Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T13:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Desde que foi reconhecida a importância de se planejar um turismo sustentável, tem-se buscado ferramentas adequadas para monitorá-lo nas destinações turísticas, tornando esse um dos principais desafios da academia científica de estudos do turismo na atualidade. Diante desse contexto, o desafio apresenta-se ainda maior, quando tratamos de turismo em unidades de conservação, tendo em vista que envolve um ambiente altamente sensível e comunidades em seu entorno que podem ter, no desenvolvimento dessa atividade, sua principal renda econômica. Assim, o que se propõe neste estudo é analisar a aplicabilidade e a eficiência metodológica do monitoramento que visa ao auxílio na construção da sustentabilidade do turismo, em unidades de conservação, através de um estudo de caso no Parque Estadual do Jalapão, localizado no Estado do Tocantins, Brasil. Prioriza-se a investigação de indicadores locais abordados a partir da definição estipulada pela Organização Mundial do Turismo. Os resultados alcançados demonstraram que os indicadores estudados são instrumentos a serem considerados no processo de avaliação e quantificação do turismo em um destino com semelhantes configurações ambientais, o que viabiliza a compreensão e o fortalecimento da noção de sustentabilidade. Este estudo caracteriza-se pela sua vertente interdisciplinar e teve como norteador o método dedutivo. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

No description available.