The blind source separation problem has received a great deal of attention in previous years. The aim of this problem is to estimate a set of original source signals from a set of linearly mixed signals through any number of signal processing techniques. While many methods exist that attempt to solve the blind source separation problem, a new technique is being used that uniquely separates audio sources as they are received from a microphone array. In this thesis a new algorithm is proposed that that utilizes the ICA algorithm in conjunction with a filtering technique that separates source signals and then removes sources of interference so that a signal of interest can be accurately tracked. Experimental results will compare a common blind source separation technique to the new algorithm and show that the new algorithm can detect a signal of interest and accurately track it as it moves through an anechoic environment. / Master of Science

Unlike the conventional "lock-and-key" sensor design in which one sensor is finely tuned to respond to one analyte, the sensor array approach employs multiple sensors in which one sensor responds to many analytes. Consequently, signal processing algorithms must be used to identify the analyte present from the array's response. The analyte identification process becomes significantly more complicated when a mixture of analytes is presented to the sensor array. Conventional methods that are employed in gas mixture identification are plagued by several design issues like: complexity, scalability, and flexibility. This thesis derives and develops a novel method, fingerprint-based ICA (FICA), to extract and identify individual analytes from a sensor array's response to a gas mixture of the analytes. FICA is a simple, flexible, and scalable signal processing system that employs independent components analysis (ICA) to extract and identify individual analytes present in a gas mixture; separation and identification of gas mixtures using ICA has not been investigated previously. FICA takes a fundamentally different approach that reflects the underlying property of gas mixtures: gas mixtures are composed of individual analyte responses. Conventional signal processing methods that identify gas mixtures have been developed and implemented in this work; this helps us understand the drawbacks in the conventional approach. FICA's performance is compared to the performance of conventional methods using metric like error rate and false positives rate. Properties like flexibility, scalability, and the data requirements for both conventional methods and FICA are examined. Results obtained in this work indicates that FICA results in lower error rates, and it's performance is better than conventional methods like multi-stage multi-stage support vector machines, and PCR. Furthermore, FICA provides the most simple, scalable, and flexible signal processing system. / Master of Science

La tesis tiene como propósito realizar una investigación en torno a la arquitectura precolombina y el carácter que adquiere en la contemporaneidad. Se toma como caso de estudio el Complejo Tambo Colorado, con la finalidad de indagar y poner a prueba otras formas de lectura que enfaticen la experiencia con el lugar, entre la arquitectura y el territorio. Son las disciplinas de la arqueología y arquitectura las que entregan herramientas valiosas para el estudio de estos sitios, debido a que parten de variables analíticas y de documentación estudiada para la compresión histórica o formal, sin embargo ¿En qué medida se puede generar una lectura personal de estos espacios preexistentes? ¿Es posible darles uso o habitarlos? En busca de responder estas interrogantes se propone una investigación hacia otra forma de aproximación y apropiación de estos espacios preexistentes. Esto se realiza a partir de dos rutas, ambas extraídas de prácticas artísticas del siglo XX, la primera como base teórica a través de la aplicación del concepto de entropía propuesto por Robert Smithson, que permite la lectura del objeto arquitectónico en otra dimensión de valoración temporal; y la segunda por medio del método de la Deriva Situacionista, cuyo empleo genera el descubrimiento sobre lo existente a partir de pautas e instrucciones que buscan un recorrido dirigido por lo sensorial. La aplicación de tales prácticas se resuelve a partir del traslado de ambos métodos o procedimientos del campo artístico al arquitectónico, lo que resulta en otra manera de lectura del sitio. Se habita a través de un componente experimental que sirve como mediación entre la arquitectura, lugar y el visitante, logrando generar un método replicable que pueda ponerse en práctica en otros vestigios precolombinos, incluso más allá de Tambo Colorado. / The purpose of this thesis is to research pre-Columbian architecture and the character it acquires in contemporary times. To achieve this, the Tambo Colorado archeological complex is used as a case study in order to test and investigate different forms of reading the architecture that emphasize experience and sense of place between architecture and its territory. Archeology and architecture are the two disciplines that provide valuable tools for the study of archeological sites. They both use analytical variables and study documentation to reach a formal and/or historical compression. However, to what extent can you generate a personal reading of these pre-existing spaces? Is it possible to use or inhabit them? In an attempt to answer these questions, the thesis proposes to complementary forms of approximation and appropriation of these preexisting spaces that may exist outside the realm of traditional architectural and archeological research. These complementary forms come from two artistic practices of the twentieth century, the first, the application of the concept of entropy proposed by Robert Smithson, the second the Situationist Derivation method. Entropy allows for the reading of the architectural object in another dimension of temporal assessment while the Derivation generates new discoveries on existing things from guidelines and instructions that look for a path directed by the senses. To apply these two practices or methods in the architectural field, they are directly transferred from the artistic field. This results in another way of reading the site. These methods aim to create mediation between the architecture, the place and the visitor that is replicated in a case-by-case basis, even beyond Tambo Colorado / Tesis

La agricultura desde muchos siglos atrás ha sido la actividad por excelencia del Perú. Hoy en día sigue teniendo mucha presencia debido a idóneas tierras para los cultivos, la gran biodiversidad de productos y una variedad de microclimas que permiten que esta actividad perdure y siga siendo fundamental para el desarrollo del país. Según el último censo de Población y Vivienda (2007), en nuestro país alrededor del 25% de la población ocupada trabaja en el sector agropecuario, aportando el 6.0% al Producto Bruto Interno (PBI) nacional1.

Matsvinn är ett aktuellt ämne och mycket arbete utförs för att på olika sätt hantera följder av detta. Syftet med denna studie är att studera problemen angående matsvinn utifrån ett lean management perspektiv. Studien är avgränsad till ”ICA nära Bredaryds” kött- och charkavdelning. Genom att identifiera de bakomliggande orsakerna till matsvinn samt undersöka hur grundläggande principer inom lean kan hantera dessa, försöker studien forma långsiktiga strategier i syfte att minska matsvinnet i livsmedelsbutiker.De två huvudorsakerna till matsvinnet som identifierats i studien är variation i kundernas efterfrågan samt variation i personalens arbetsmoment. För att hantera variationen i kundernas efterfrågan bör tankesättet “lean thinking” implementeras. Genom att arbeta med “lean thinking”-cykeln och kontinuerligt eliminera slöseri samt utveckla systemet så att det blir av dragande karaktär kommer kundernas variation att delvis kunna hanteras vilket i sin tur minskar matsvinnet. För att hantera variationen i arbetsmomenten bör standardiserade arbetssätt implementeras. Då all personal arbetar på samma sätt kommer variationen i utförandet av olika arbetsmoment att minska vilket i sin tur genererar ett minskat matsvinn.Nyckelord: Lean, / Food waste is today a subject of large interest and a lot of work is currently being done to handle this issue. The aim of this study is therefore to give a contribution to the problem solving in this area from a lean management perspective. The study is limited to “ICA nära Bredaryds” department for cured meat and provisions. By identifying the underlying issues of food waste in connection with investigating how lean principles can handle these, the study aims to form long-term and strategic solutions on how to minimize waste in food shops.The two main causes of food waste that have been identified in the study are the variation in customer demand and the variation in how the staff perform their work. In order for the food shop to handle these two problems, two solutions have been suggested. In order to handle the variation in demand, the mindset of lean thinking should be implemented. By working with the lean thinking cycle and continuously eliminating waste and at the same time develop a pull system the variation in demand can be handled, which in turn will reduce the food waste. To handle the variation in workflow, standardized work methods should be implemented. Directing the staff to work the same way will reduce the variation in how the work is performed, which in turn will generate reduced food waste.

Peruvian society recognizes two major problems that affect citizen insecurity and road insecurity, although these problems are seen daily on the streets, an analysis of what is related with them hasn´t been concluded and because the Peruvian state has no authority to control their factors of existence. This study analyzes the problem about state competition in order to control traffic, understanding that it is a public policy, which as such it looks for a problem about the society and it faces similar problems in the central government as in hobbies. As it´s detailed in this context, the problem is national, however, the capacities are diverse and diffuse, there is no consensus for its improvement and much less exist articulation or coordination in order to strengthen the authority acts and improve state capacities, therefore, this study seeks to analyze the problem determines the limitations of the policy and contribute to its solution / Tesis

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how a CSR strategy can be used as a marketing tool by analyzing ICA‘s and Lindex‘s marketing approach within the Pink Ribbon campaign. Background: The concept of CSR has become more and more common in business practices and customers today almost expect companies to be socially responsible. Even though CSR is very important for companies, it has historically not been a very lucrative approach for them to involve in these activities. However there are ways of combining the social responsibility with earning profits. The concept of CRM is a very effective tool for earning a profit while at the same time being socially responsible. In Sweden one of the biggest and most well known CSR activities is the Pink Ribbon campaign. Could this campaign be utilized to market a company and how would this then be done? Method: The research approach for the thesis was that of a multiple case study with qualitative data collection concerning the Pink Ribbon campaign. To put the campaign into perspective two companies were chosen and they were investigated in terms of their marketing approach and CSR approach. The empirical findings consisted of a number of interviews with managers at different levels within the companies ICA and Lindex. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CSR within the context of the Pink Ribbon campaign works well as a marketing tool. The companies have utilized the campaign to gain a better reputation as well as getting a boost in sales because of it. This is in essence what marketing is all about and by using CSR in the form of CRM you also involve the customers in the process. / Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur en CSR strategi kan användas som ett marknadsföringsmedel genom att analysera ICA‘s och Lindex tillvägagångssätt under Rosa Bandet kampanjen Bakgrund: CSR som koncept har blivit mer och mer vanligt bland företag och kunder idag förväntar sig att företagen ska ta socialt ansvar. Även om CSR är viktigt för företag så har det historiskt sett inte varit någon lukrativ verksamhet att syssla med dessa frågor. Det finns dock sätt som kombinerar lönsamhet och socialt ansvar. CRM är ett exempel på ett medel som leder till lönsamhet samtidigt som företaget tar socialt ansvar. I Sverige så är Rosa Bandet kampanjen en av de största och mest igenkända CSR aktivitet som företag tar del i. Kan denna aktivitet användas till att marknadsföra företaget och hur ska detta i så fall ske? Metod: Vår undersökningsmetodik har bestått av en multipel fall studie med kvalitativ data angående Rosa Bandet kampanjen. För att sätta kampanjen i ett perspektiv så valde vi ut två företag och undersökte deras tillvägagångssätt med marknadsföring och CSR. Vår empiri bestod av ett antal intervjuer med managers på olika nivåer inom ICA och Lindex. Slutsats: Vår empiri visar att CSR i sammanhanget av Rosa Bandet kampanjen funkar bra som marknadsföringsmedel. Företagen har använt kampanjen både till att förbättra deras anseende samt för att förbättra deras försäljning. Detta är i princip vad marknadsföring handlar om och genom att använda CSR i formen av CRM så involveras även kunderna i processen.

<p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how a CSR strategy can be used as a marketing tool by analyzing ICA‘s and Lindex‘s marketing approach within the Pink Ribbon campaign.</p><p>Background: The concept of CSR has become more and more common in business practices and customers today almost expect companies to be socially responsible. Even though CSR is very important for companies, it has historically not been a very lucrative approach for them to involve in these activities. However there are ways of combining the social responsibility with earning profits. The concept of CRM is a very effective tool for earning a profit while at the same time being socially responsible. In Sweden one of the biggest and most well known CSR activities is the Pink Ribbon campaign. Could this campaign be utilized to market a company and how would this then be done?</p><p>Method: The research approach for the thesis was that of a multiple case study with qualitative data collection concerning the Pink Ribbon campaign. To put the campaign into perspective two companies were chosen and they were investigated in terms of their marketing approach and CSR approach. The empirical findings consisted of a number of interviews with managers at different levels within the companies ICA and Lindex.</p><p>Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CSR within the context of the Pink Ribbon campaign works well as a marketing tool. The companies have utilized the campaign to gain a better reputation as well as getting a boost in sales because of it. This is in essence what marketing is all about and by using CSR in the form of CRM you also involve the customers in the process.</p> / <p>Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur en CSR strategi kan användas som ett marknadsföringsmedel genom att analysera ICA‘s och Lindex tillvägagångssätt under Rosa Bandet kampanjen</p><p>Bakgrund: CSR som koncept har blivit mer och mer vanligt bland företag och kunder idag förväntar sig att företagen ska ta socialt ansvar. Även om CSR är viktigt för företag så har det historiskt sett inte varit någon lukrativ verksamhet att syssla med dessa frågor. Det finns dock sätt som kombinerar lönsamhet och socialt ansvar. CRM är ett exempel på ett medel som leder till lönsamhet samtidigt som företaget tar socialt ansvar. I Sverige så är Rosa Bandet kampanjen en av de största och mest igenkända CSR aktivitet som företag tar del i. Kan denna aktivitet användas till att marknadsföra företaget och hur ska detta i så fall ske?</p><p>Metod: Vår undersökningsmetodik har bestått av en multipel fall studie med kvalitativ data angående Rosa Bandet kampanjen. För att sätta kampanjen i ett perspektiv så valde vi ut två företag och undersökte deras tillvägagångssätt med marknadsföring och CSR. Vår empiri bestod av ett antal intervjuer med managers på olika nivåer inom ICA och Lindex.</p><p>Slutsats: Vår empiri visar att CSR i sammanhanget av Rosa Bandet kampanjen funkar bra som marknadsföringsmedel. Företagen har använt kampanjen både till att förbättra deras anseende samt för att förbättra deras försäljning. Detta är i princip vad marknadsföring handlar om och genom att använda CSR i formen av CRM så involveras även kunderna i processen.</p>

Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι η ανάπτυξη μεθόδου εντοπισμού εγκεφαλικών ρυθμών στο χρόνο χρησιμοποιώντας περιορισμούς που στηρίζονται στα νευροφυσιολογικά χαρακτηριστικά του κάθε υθμού τόσο στο πεδίο του χώρου (spatial constraints) όσο και στο πεδίο της συχνότητας (frequency constraints). Η μέθοδος στηρίζεται στην τεχνική ανάλυσης σε ανεξάρτητες συνιστώσες (ICA) και δεν απαιτεί πολυκάναλες καταγραφές (MEG). Πιθανές εφαρμογές περιλαμβάνουν τον εντοπισμό α-ρυθμού, επιληπτικών κρίσεων, μ-ρυθμού και ρυθμών κυρίαρχων στα στάδια του ύπνου. Η προτεινόμενη μέθοδος μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για την ανάλυση καταγραφών ΗΕΓ τόσο σε πραγματικό χρόνο (online) όσο και σε προαποθηκευμένα δεδομένα (offline). / The goal of the present thesis is the development of a method for temporal detection of electrophysiological brain rhythms, using constraints based on neurophysiological, spatial and frequency characteristics of every rhythm. The method is based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and does not require multichannel recordings (MEG). Possible applications include temporal detection of α-rhythm, μ-rhythm and sleep dominant rhythms. The proposed method can be used in both online and offline EEG analysis.

During 2014, research undertaken at the sites of Cerro San Bernardo (ACO3; 2,000 m above sea level) and Challaca (CH1; 2,015 m above sea level) revealed the first documented Nasca sites (260 B.C – A.D. 640) in the yunga ecozone of the upper drainage of the Ica River. Both sites also demonstrated evidence of an even earlier, Early Horizon occupation (840 – 260 B.C.). These two sites are located on small, mainly granite, knolls situated on the Northern and Southern banks of the upper drainage of the Ica River. From these sites, it is possible to oversee an extensive area of cultivation that extends from the mountains to the East down to the Western boundary of the Challaca-Tiraxi Canyon. An area, which these sites could well have controlled. Geographically, the canyon divides the Ica Highlands from the coastal area, giving this juncture geopolitical importance. It is possible that the strategic location of this Nasca enclave in the Ica Highlands was aimed at controlling access between coastal polities and highland sectors, while exploiting this zones rich, high-altitude resources. Probably, occupation of this strategic sector commenced during the Early Horizon (840 – 260 B.C.), pointing to a long presence by coastal groups in the highlands. The aim of this article then, is to tease-out patterns of control, interaction, and the type of frontier in existence between the Nasca and coeval, neighboring, highland cultural groups, thereby providing new evidence concerning Nasca presence in the upper drainage of the Ica River. / Las investigaciones iniciadas en el año 2014 en el Cerro San Bernardo (ACO3; 2000 metros sobre el nivel del mar) y Challaca (CH1; 2015 metros sobre el nivel del mar) nos han permitido hallar los primeros sitios Nasca (260 a.C a 640 d.C.) en la ecozona yunga de la cuenca alta del río Ica. Los dos sitios también registran la posibilidad de una ocupación aún más temprana que se remonta al Horizonte Temprano (840 a 260 a.C.). Estos dos sitios se ubican sobre cerros pequeños, que están conformados principalmente por granito, y que se localizan al norte y sur sobre los márgenes de la cuenca alta del río Ica. Desde estos sitios, se puede divisar una extensa área de cultivo que se extiende desde los cerros al este, hasta el oeste y el límite del cañón de Challaca-Tiraxi, la cual podría estar bajo su control. Geográficamente, el cañón divide la sierra de Ica del área costera, a partir de lo cual le brinda una ubicación geopolítica importante. Es posible que la localización estratégica de este enclave Nasca en la sierra de Ica haya sido para controlar el acceso desde las sociedades costeras a los sectores de la sierra, mientras se nutría de los recursos de esta rica zona alta. Probablemente, la ocupación de este punto estratégico se inició durante el Horizonte Temprano (840 a 260 a.C.), lo cual significaría una presencia larga por parte de los grupos costeños en la sierra. Ante este contexto, el objetivo del presente trabajo es indagar sobre los patrones de control, interacción y el tipo de frontera entre los Nasca y los grupos culturales serranos, vecinos, sincrónicos, aportando nuevas evidencias sobre la presencia Nasca en la cuenca alta del río Ica.