<p>This study investigates how different kinds of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), operating in different national political contexts, perceive and use the Internet as a political space. The political space concept, as defined here, encompasses two dimensions of Internet use: one external, where organisations use the Internet for online activism and campaigning, and one internal, signifying organisational use of the Internet to promote engagement and interactivity with members and/or supporters. Another question raised is whether Internet use for political purposes by NGOs varies between different national political contexts. Moreover, do the organisations believe that the Internet has affected their political influence to any extent? The empirical data consist of the results of two surveys, one directed primarily to American NGOs, the other explicitly comparative, analysing NGOs in Sweden and the USA. Furthermore, content analyses of NGO websites have been conducted and additive indexes constructed. The findings of the study suggest that, overall, the Internet is most important to the studied organisations as a space for external political initiatives. There were, however, important differences in this regard, which could be related to the organisations’ national political contexts. For example, the American NGOs have oriented their websites primarily towards relatively superficial forms of member involvement, while the Swedish NGOs provided more interactive grassroots features on their websites. Regarding political influence, the Internet arguably has the potential to make the most dramatic difference by reinforcing the organisations’ offline political activities. The present results indicate that, despite the possible converging effect of the Internet on NGO political activism, national political culture exerts an inescapable influence on how the Internet is used as a political space by the studied organisations.</p>

This qualitative study examined fifteen organizational members across four international technology companies to discover how they behave and manage daily interactions in a virtual environment within a geographically distributed team. Using a grounded theory methodology, an extensive analysis of the interview data was conducted. Three core themes emerged that focus on the individuals’ attempts to manage impressions in an environment that demands multicommunication. The themes of time stacking, participation predications and performance are discussed in detail using the theoretical lens of impression management. / text

This study investigates how different kinds of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), operating in different national political contexts, perceive and use the Internet as a political space. The political space concept, as defined here, encompasses two dimensions of Internet use: one external, where organisations use the Internet for online activism and campaigning, and one internal, signifying organisational use of the Internet to promote engagement and interactivity with members and/or supporters. Another question raised is whether Internet use for political purposes by NGOs varies between different national political contexts. Moreover, do the organisations believe that the Internet has affected their political influence to any extent? The empirical data consist of the results of two surveys, one directed primarily to American NGOs, the other explicitly comparative, analysing NGOs in Sweden and the USA. Furthermore, content analyses of NGO websites have been conducted and additive indexes constructed. The findings of the study suggest that, overall, the Internet is most important to the studied organisations as a space for external political initiatives. There were, however, important differences in this regard, which could be related to the organisations’ national political contexts. For example, the American NGOs have oriented their websites primarily towards relatively superficial forms of member involvement, while the Swedish NGOs provided more interactive grassroots features on their websites. Regarding political influence, the Internet arguably has the potential to make the most dramatic difference by reinforcing the organisations’ offline political activities. The present results indicate that, despite the possible converging effect of the Internet on NGO political activism, national political culture exerts an inescapable influence on how the Internet is used as a political space by the studied organisations.

This study examines young people’s internet access and use in nine locations in Queensland, Australia. The primary aim of the research is to assess if internet use supports young people’s social inclusion: that is, if internet use supports young people to participate in society in ways they have most reason to value. The research findings demonstrate that the digital divide in Queensland – the gap between citizens with and without access to ICTs – continues to inhibit young people’s ability to participate online. This divide is embedded within historic, economic, social and cultural inequalities. To address this, this study proposes that a digital inclusion framework, founded on the concept of social inclusion, offers the Australian federal and state governments an opportunity to extend digital divide policies so that they connect with and complement broader social policy goals. The research outcomes also illustrate that creative uses of online networks provide a powerful means through which young people can participate in a networked society. While young people’s access to a range of ICTs impacts on their ability to use online networks, gradations of use, social networks and informal learning contexts frequently act as mediators to support effective internet use. This study contends that by understanding the social benefits of young people’s online network use and the role that mediators play in different environments, we can move towards a policy framework that supports equitable opportunities for young people’s digital inclusion.

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή πραγματεύεται το θέμα της επιχειρησιακής στρατηγικής των Τεχνολογιών Πληροφορικής και Επικοινωνιών (ΤΠΕ) στις Μικρομεσαίες Επιχειρήσεις (ΜΜΕ), καθώς επίσης και τον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι ΤΠΕ επηρεάζουν στην πραγματικότητα την ανάπτυξη και την ανταγωνιστικότητα των ΜΜΕ. Ο λόγος που στρέψαμε το ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον μας στις ΜΜΕ έγκειται στη κοινή παραδοχή ότι συμβάλλουν αποφασιστικά στην οικονομική ανάπτυξη, την παραγωγή, την ανταγωνιστικότητα, την απασχόληση καθώς επίσης στην αποκέντρωση και την κοινωνική συνοχή. Επίσης, λειτουργούν ως φυτώρια νέων επιχειρήσεων, καινοτόμων ειδών και εφαρμογών, ευέλικτων επιχειρηματικών σχημάτων, εξυπηρέτησης τοπικών αναγκών καθώς και χωροταξικής κατανομής θέσεων απασχόλησης και εισοδήματος. Από την άλλη, η αναγκαιότητα ύπαρξης μιας σύγχρονης τεχνολογικής υποδομής στο επιχειρηματικό περιβάλλον θεωρείται πλέον μία αυτονόητη αξία, καθώς συμβάλλει στην αύξηση της παραγωγικότητας και της ανταγωνιστικότητας μιας επιχείρησης, ενώ, ταυτοχρόνως της παρέχει την απαιτούμενη ευελιξία για να προσαρμόζεται στις ταχέως μεταβαλλόμενες συνθήκες της αγοράς. Για την βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση του θέματος βασιστήκαμε σε μεγάλο αριθμό επιστημονικών μελετών καθώς και στη μελέτη σχετικών ερευνών με το αντικείμενο της έρευνάς μας. Η συλλογή των πρωτογενών στοιχείων πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη μέθοδο των προσωπικών συνεντεύξεων και με τη χρήση δομημένου ερωτηματολόγιου στο χώρο εργασίας των ερωτώμενων. Από τις εκατό ΜΜΕ που προσεγγίσαμε, αποκρίθηκαν θετικά για συμμετοχή στην έρευνας μας οι πενήντα τέσσερις (54). Η επιλογή του δείγματος έγινε με τυχαία στρωματοποιημένη δειγματοληψία στους Νομούς Αττικής, Θεσσαλονίκης, Αχαΐας και Ηρακλείου. Η εμπειρική ανάλυση ανέδειξε σημαντικά στατιστικά στοιχεία για την χρήση των ΤΠΕ στις διάφορες κατηγορίες των ΜΜΕ και στους τέσσερις κλάδους οικονομικής δραστηριότητας που έλαβαν μέρος στην έρευνα μας. Επίσης, σημαντικές στατιστικές υποθέσεις ελέγχτηκαν για την εξακρίβωση της σχέσης-εξάρτησης μεταξύ των ΤΠΕ και των διαφορετικών κατηγοριών και των κλάδων των ΜΜΕ. Εν συνεχεία, η ταξινόμηση των ΤΠΕ καθώς και η δημιουργία των νέων οργανωτικών δομών (ΤΠΕ-Οργανωτικές δομές – οργανωτικές δομές που προέκυψαν ανάλογα με το είδος των ΤΠΕ που έχουν υιοθετηθεί από τις ΜΜΕ) μας έδωσαν την ευκαιρία για περαιτέρω στατιστικούς ελέγχους καθώς και την δυνατότητα δημιουργίας τριών υποδειγμάτων, εκ των οποίων, το πρώτο εξετάζει την πιθανότητα ανάπτυξη των ΜΜΕ μέσω των ΤΠΕ, το δεύτερο υπόδειγμα εξετάζει την επίδραση των ΤΠΕ-οργανωτικών δομών και των κλάδων οικονομικής δραστηριότητας στις επενδύσεις σε ΤΠΕ από τις ΜΜΕ και το τρίτο υπόδειγμα εξετάζει την επίδραση από την ύπαρξη συγκεκριμένης στρατηγικής υιοθέτησης και χρήσης των ΤΠΕ και των νέων ΤΠΕ-οργανωτικών δομών στις επενδύσεις σε ΤΠΕ από τις ΜΜΕ. / The present doctoral thesis deals with the subject of Strategic Management of Technologies of Information technology and Communications (ICT) in Small to medium-sized Enterprises (SME), as well as the way in which the ICT influence actually the growth and the competitiveness of SME. The reason, we turned our inquiring interest in the SME lies in the common admission that small and medium sized enterprises decisively contribute to economic development, production, competitiveness, employment, as well as decentralization and social coherence. They also function as the seedbed of new enterprises, innovative products and applications, flexible business forms, servicing of local needs and a zoning plan for the distribution of employment and income. On the other hand, the existence necessity of a modern technological infrastructure is considered as an obvious value in the enterprising environment, as contributes to the increase of productivity and the competitiveness of enterprise. At the same time, new technological inventions give the necessary flexibility to SME for adapting themselves rapidly to the altering conditions of markets. PhD combines a significant literature review of relevant journal publications with primary data collected from the various SMEs. A joint methodology of fully-structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews was selected as the primary research instrument in order to gain as broad a view as possible of the issues surrounding application of ICT. A total of 100 companies was selected and letters were sent out requesting an interview, while follow-up telephone calls by the researchers negotiated access to each business. Fifty-four SMEs were positive responded. A stratified random sample of SMEs was drawn among a spectrum of SMEs in the Prefectures of Attica, Thessaloniki, Achaia and Heraclion. The empirical analysis brought out important statistical elements in the use of ICT for the various categories of SME in the four sectors of economic activity. Also, important statistical hypotheses were tested for the verification of the relationship-dependence between the ICTs and SMEs. The classification of ICT and the creation of new organizational forms (ICT-organizational forms, which have been come from the type of ICT that have been adopted by the SME) offered us the opportunity for further statistical tests as well as the capability for the creation of three models. The first model examines the probability of small firm’s development through the effective-efficient use of ICT (The potential for development of the SMEs was evaluated through a model of binomial logistic regression). The second model examines the influence of ICT-Organizational Forms and Industry Sectors on ICT-Investments, and, the third model tests the influence of ICT-Organizational Forms & ICT-Strategy (SMEs, which have set up a specific strategy for the adoption and use of ICTs) on ICT-Investments in SME sector. (The influence of ICT-Organizational Forms was evaluated through a model of a two-way Analysis of Variance-ANOVA).

Στην εργασία αυτή γίνεται προσπάθεια για μια εκτενή διερεύνηση των σύγχρονων εργαλείων που χρησιμοποιούνται για την εξ αποστάσεως διδασκαλία των μαθηματικών. Αρχικά παρουσιάζονται οι διάφορες μορφές διδασκαλίας και μάθησης, έτσι όπως αυτές προκύπτουν από τους διαφορετικούς ρόλους επικοινωνίας μεταξύ των εκπαιδευτικών, των μαθητών, των περιεχομένων και των μέσων διδασκαλίας. Οι μορφές αυτές είναι οι δασκαλοκεντρικές-μετωπικές, οι μαθητοκεντρικές, οι μεικτές και οι ομαδοκεντρικές. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάζονται κάποιες νεότερες αντιλήψεις για τη μάθηση, όπως είναι η διερευνητική μάθηση και η μέθοδος project, καθώς και τα πλεονεκτήματά τους έναντι των παλαιότερων μορφών διδασκαλίας. Στην επόμενη ενότητα παρουσιάζεται ο τρόπος που οι νέες τεχνολογίες της πληροφορίας και της επικοινωνίας (ΤΠΕ) χρησιμοποιούνται ως μέθοδοι διερευνητικής μάθησης, επηρεάζοντας τη μαθηματική εκπαίδευση. Οι σύγχρονες τεχνολογίες προσφέρουν στους μαθητές δυνατότητες για μάθηση μέσα από ένα παιγνιώδη τρόπο, ενώ μπορούν ταυτόχρονα να βοηθήσουν τους μαθητές να αναπτύξουν ανώτερη μαθηματική σκέψη. Το συντριπτικό ποσοστό των παραπάνω εφαρμογών και λογισμικών ΤΠΕ αφορά λογισμικό που κυρίως χρησιμοποιείται μέσα στην τάξη. Οι νέες τάσεις όμως ευνοούν τη λεγόμενη εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση (distance learning) με χρήση ηλεκτρονικών μέσων και τεχνολογιών ΤΠΕ. Αν θέλαμε να περιγράψουμε απλώς την εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση, θα λέγαμε ότι πρόκειται για μια εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία όπου ο διδασκόμενος βρίσκεται σε φυσική απόσταση από το διδάσκοντα και τον εκπαιδευτικό φορέα. Ωστόσο οφείλουμε να δώσουμε κι έναν επιπλέον, παιδαγωγικής διάστασης ορισμό: η εκπαίδευση που διδάσκει το μαθητή πώς να μαθαίνει μόνος του και πώς να λειτουργεί αυτόνομα προς μια ευεργετική πορεία αυτομάθησης και γνώσης. Η επόμενη ενότητα αναφέρεται στο Web. Το Web έχει συνεισφέρει αρκετά τα τελευταία χρόνια στην εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση. Η ανεξαρτησία από την τάξη και από κάποια συγκεκριμένη πλατφόρμα λογισμικού, η διαθεσιμότητα εργαλείων για τη δημιουργία μαθημάτων στο Web, η φθηνή και αποδοτική αποθήκευση και διανομή του υλικού των μαθημάτων, υπερσύνδεσμοι σε προτεινόμενες σελίδες και υλικό, οι ψηφιακές βιβλιοθήκες και διάφορες άλλες πηγές αποτελούν μερικά από τα πλεονεκτήματα που προσφέρει η βασισμένη στο Web εκπαίδευση. Η εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση μέσω διαδικτύου έχει πλέον κάνει αισθητή την παρουσία της στη Δευτεροβάθμια και κυρίως στην Τριτοβάθμια Εκπαίδευση. Δεδομένης της αναποτελεσματικότητας της χρήση των δικτυακών τόπων (λόγω του κόστος κατασκευής και συντήρησης που απαιτούν σε ότι αφορά οικονομικές αλλά και ανθρώπινες πηγές) αναπτύχθηκαν τα συστήματα διαχείρισης περιεχομένου και τάξεων, τα οποία υποστηρίζουν εφαρμογές δημιουργίας και διαχείρισης εκπαιδευτικού υλικού. Τα περισσότερα από αυτά τα οποία είναι και ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενα αποτελούν εφαρμογές ανοιχτού κώδικα, γεγονός που ισχυροποιεί την επιλογή χρήσης τους. Ορισμένα από τα συστήματα διαχείρισης που αναφέρονται είναι το Moodle, το eFront, το open eClass και το Lams. Η επόμενη ενότητα αναφέρεται στα χαρακτηριστικά ενός εκπαιδευτικού υλικού για την εξ αποστάσεως διδασκαλία του και τα κριτήρια αξιολόγησης του διδακτικού υλικού της εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης. Ως συνέπεια των παραπάνω, χρησιμοποιήθηκε το δυναμικό περιβάλλον γεωμετρίας Geogebra για την παραγωγή εκπαιδευτικού υλικού. Έπειτα ακολουθεί μια ενότητα το περιεχόμενο της οποίας ασχολείται με την διδασκαλία των τριγωνομετρικών αριθμών οξείας γωνίας και ένα σενάριο για την εξ αποστάσεως διδασκαλία τους, το οποίο τοποθετήθηκε στο εργαλείο διαχείρισης LAMS (Learning Activity Management System) ώστε να είναι προσβάσιμο μέσω διαδικτύου, παρουσιάζοντας με τον τρόπο αυτό την απτή πραγματικότητα της εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης. / This paper attempts a comprehensive exploration of modern tools used for distance teaching of mathematics. Originally presented in various forms of teaching and learning, as reflected by the different roles of communication between teachers, students, content and methods of teaching . These forms are teacher-centered-frontal, the student-centered, the mixed and omadokentrikes. Here are some newer ideas about learning, such as exploratory learning and the method of project, and their advantages over older forms of teaching. The next section presents the way the new information and communication technologies (ICTs) are used as methods of exploratory learning, affecting mathematics education. Modern technologies offer students opportunities to learn through a playful way and same time can help students develop higher mathematical thinking. The overwhelming proportion of these applications and software for ICT software is mainly used in the classroom. New trends, however, favor the so-called distance education (distance learning) using electronic media and ICT. If we were to simply describe the distance education, we would say that this is an educational process where the student is in physical proximity to the teacher and the educational institution. But we must also give an additional, pedagogical dimension definition: training that teaches the student how to learn for themselves and how to operate autonomously in a beneficial way self-learning and knowledge. The next section discusses the Web. The Web has contributed to several recent years in distance education. Independence from the classroom and a particular software platform, the availability of tools to create courses on the Web, the cheap and efficient storage and distribution of course material, hyperlinks to pages and proposed materials, digital libraries and other sources are few the advantages of Web-based education. Distance education via the Internet has now made its presence felt in secondary and especially tertiary education. Given the inefficiency of the use of websites (due to construction costs and maintenance required in terms of financial and human resources) developed content management systems and classes that support applications for creating and managing learning materials. Most of them which is a widely used open source applications, which strengthens the option to use them. Some of the management systems are listed in Moodle, the eFront, the open eClass and the Lams. The next section refers to features of an educational material for distance teaching and evaluation criteria of teaching material for distance learning. As a consequence, used a dynamic geometry environment Geogebra to produce educational material. Then follows a section whose content deals with the teaching of trigonometric numbers acute angle and a scenario for distance teaching, which was placed in administration tool LAMS (Learning Activity Management System) to be accessible via the Internet, showing the Thus the reality of distance education.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper examines a possible alternative for dissemination of information and communication technologies in rural areas. In this sense, aimed to analyse, evaluate and validate some statistics metrics generated by Google Analytics software to the site of the Consórcio Antiferrugem. The analysis considered the metrics generated for the period of June 30, 2007 to June 30, 2011, during which the site of the Consórcio Antiferrugem totaled four cropping season of soybeans. From the metric data of the tool in use, we sought to identify some kind of user profile and certain pattern of use of the site. The results indicate that the site proves to be an innovation communication, since it plays a mobilizing role in the formation of a scientific network in combating a plant disease. To achieve the objective proposed in this work, we chose to conduct a search of the exploratory case study. To conduct the study, sought to relate the data to access the site with the sowing dates for soybean, planting sites, weather forecasts and increases or decreases in the applications of fungicides in crops. In addition, there was an interview with creator and responsible for building the current site of the Consórcio Antiferrugem, plant pathologist and professor at UFRGS, Emerson Del Ponte. Data access within the site are presented nationally and then broken down to the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul, which had their individual statistical studies. The study revealed that it is difficult to determine exactly who in the soybean production chain accesses the site, if they are mostly researchers, extension workers, laboratory workers or farmers. However, it was possible to infer that their users are seeking technological information through the Internet, becoming key actors in the chain of soybeans. These actors are considered to be decision-makers in their regions, and disseminate information locally and this causes the main objective of the site of the Consórcio Antiferrugem is reached. Thus, the scientific network generated by the Consórcio Antiferrugem proves to be much higher than that measured by the number of accesses to the site, once face to face dialogue between the actors of the chain contributes to the dissemination of information about the disease and the occurrence of focuses on the regions. / Propõe-se neste trabalho analisar uma possível alternativa de disseminação das tecnologias de informação e comunicação no meio rural. Neste sentido, teve-se como objetivo analisar, avaliar e validar algumas métricas estatísticas geradas pelo software Google Analytics para o site do Consórcio Antiferrugem. A análise levou em consideração as métricas geradas para o período de 30 de junho de 2007 a 30 de junho de 2011, período em que o site do Consórcio Antiferrugem totalizou quatro safras agrícolas da cultura da soja. A partir dos dados métricos da ferramenta em uso, buscou-se identificar algum tipo de perfil do usuário e certo padrão de uso do site. Os resultados indicam que o site mostra-se uma inovação comunicacional, uma vez que desempenha um papel mobilizador na formação de uma rede científica no combate a uma doença fitossanitária. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto neste trabalho, optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório do tipo estudo de caso. Para a realização do trabalho buscou-se relacionar os dados de acesso do site com as épocas de semeadura da cultura da soja, locais de plantio, previsões do tempo e aumentos ou reduções nas aplicações de fungicidas nas lavouras. Além disso, realizou-se uma entrevista com o idealizador e responsável pela construção do atual site do Consórcio Antiferrugem, professor da UFRGS e fitopatologista, Emerson Del Ponte. Os dados de acesso do site são apresentados em nível nacional e em seguida, discriminados para os Estados do Mato Grosso do Sul e do Rio Grande do Sul, que tiveram seus estudos estatísticos individualizados. O estudo revelou que torna-se difícil precisar exatamente quem da cadeia produtiva da soja acessa o site, se são em sua maioria pesquisadores, extensionistas, laboratoristas ou agricultores. No entanto, foi possível inferir que seus usuários buscam informações tecnológicas por meio da Internet, tornando-se atores privilegiados dentro da cadeia da soja. Estes atores são considerados formadores de opiniões em suas regiões, além de disseminarem informações localmente e isso faz com que o objetivo principal do site do Consórcio Antiferrugem seja alcançado. Desse modo, a rede científica gerada pelo Consórcio Antiferrugem mostra-se muito maior do que a quantificada pelo número de acessos ao site, uma vez que o diálogo face a face entre os atores da cadeia contribui na disseminação de informações sobre a doença e a ocorrência dos focos nas regiões.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We live in an era of technological change and this study addresses the challenge for schools to enter the new information and communication technologies in the school environment and use these new tools for learning. The object of this research is Radio EL Chasque FM 91.9MHz, its historicity as a educommunication project with the school Vale La Pena, Liceo Rural y Comunitario of Cerro Pelado in Rivera / Uruguay. The aim of this study is to understand the use of ICTs used in radio programs, and the importance of this form of communication for the development of the rural community of Cerro Pelado. As a result points to the involvement and use of ICT in conjunction with the educational communication and the use of digital tools to facilitate more effective communication, especially when one realizes the need for communication between students who do extracurricular discipline involving the community radio, Identified as a facilitator of this communication for the construction of radio and dissemination of information programs, the use of ICT, which thus exerts a media and educommunication mediation, aiming to improve the use of tools increased the effectiveness of the parties. In conclusion, it reinforces the effectiveness of educational communication project through the radio transformation process as a component discipline of the school's educational project, allowing the integration between students and the community, and especially autonomy, because the radio is run by students, the teacher acts as a counselor, who together learn and teach in theory and practice simultaneously.l. / Vivemos numa era de evolução tecnológica e o presente trabalho aborda o desafio para as escolas em inserir as novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação no ambiente escolar e usar essas novas ferramentas para a aprendizagem. O objeto desta pesquisa é a Radio EL CHASQUE FM 91.9MHz, sua historicidade como um projeto de educomunicação junto a escola Vale La Pena, Liceo Rural y Comunitario de Cerro Pelado, em Rivera/Uruguai. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender o uso das TICs utilizadas nos programas da rádio e analisar a importância dessa forma de comunicação para o desenvolvimento da comunidade rural de Cerro Pelado. Como resultado aponta-se o envolvimento e uso das TICs em conjunto com a educomunicação e o uso de ferramentas digitais para facilitar uma comunicação mais efetiva, principalmente quando se percebe a necessidade de comunicação entre os alunos que fazem a disciplina extracurricular que envolve a rádio comunitária. Identificamos como facilitador dessa comunicação para construção dos programas da rádio e difusão das informações, o uso das TICs, que desta forma exerce uma mediação midiática e educomunicativa, visando aprimorar o uso das ferramentas incrementado a eficácia das partes. Em conclusão, reforça a efetivação de um projeto de educomunicação através do processo de transformação da rádio como uma disciplina componente do projeto pedagógico da escola, permitindo a integração entre alunos e a comunidade, e principalmente a autonomia, pois a rádio é gerida por alunos, o professor atua como um conselheiro, que em conjunto aprende e ensina, na teoria e prática simultaneamente.

Submitted by ALINE MARIANO ALVES CARNEIRO null (aline.alibauru@gmail.com) on 2017-12-13T21:26:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Final.pdf: 2411312 bytes, checksum: 8d264a63c08bb6e933ce6fe0637d72bb (MD5) Tese Final.pdf: 2411312 bytes, checksum: 8d264a63c08bb6e933ce6fe0637d72bb (MD5) / Submitted by ALINE MARIANO ALVES CARNEIRO null (aline.alibauru@gmail.com) on 2017-12-14T11:25:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Final.pdf: 2411312 bytes, checksum: 8d264a63c08bb6e933ce6fe0637d72bb (MD5) Tese Final.pdf: 2411312 bytes, checksum: 8d264a63c08bb6e933ce6fe0637d72bb (MD5) / Submitted by ALINE MARIANO ALVES CARNEIRO null (aline.alibauru@gmail.com) on 2017-12-14T13:50:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Final.pdf: 2411312 bytes, checksum: 8d264a63c08bb6e933ce6fe0637d72bb (MD5) Tese Final.pdf: 2411312 bytes, checksum: 8d264a63c08bb6e933ce6fe0637d72bb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Minervina Teixeira Lopes null (vina_lopes@bauru.unesp.br) on 2017-12-14T18:03:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carneiro_ama_me_bauru.pdf: 2287576 bytes, checksum: 2bd673eb6de4b2dd163cd9f2463c6547 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-14T18:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carneiro_ama_me_bauru.pdf: 2287576 bytes, checksum: 2bd673eb6de4b2dd163cd9f2463c6547 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-24 / O contexto digital, por meio das tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TICs) estão ressignificando o cotidiano dos indivíduos e de suas relações sociais, agora também virtuais. Consequentemente os novos conceitos estruturantes da sociedade em rede vem afetando diretamente o cenário das organizações contemporâneas, principalmente das micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs), uma vez que os indivíduos agora vivenciam uma realidade cultural mediada pela conexão, interatividade e velocidade de informações. Essa mediação exercida especialmente pelas TICs e pela virtualização coloca-nos diante de mudanças estabelecidas pelas relações entre o indivíduo e a tecnologia, alterando costumes, hábitos, a percepção de tempo e do espaço, dos modos de ver o mundo e a si mesmo. Portanto, essa mediação muda também as relações estabelecidas com e nas organizações e seus públicos. Não por acaso, esse estudo pretende fazer uma incursão sobre o contexto digital e sua influência sobre as organizações, considerando que as mudanças sociais, culturais, econômicas pautadas na transição dos meios de comunicação analógicos para os digitais e de como podem afetar e alterar o modus operandi das organizações. Portanto, a pesquisa tem como objetivo refletir sobre as dificuldades que as MPEs enfrentam em relação a comunicação organizacional, especialmente com a ascensão das TICs e da comunicação digital. Para tanto desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa teórica e aplicada, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, com objetivos exploratórios e descritivos. Enquanto pesquisa teórica, utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica, cujas principais referências destacamos Kunsch (2002, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 E 2014 ); Wolton (2006); Castells (2006); Corrêa (2005, 2008 E 2009); Jenkins (2009); Manucci (2008); Di Felice (2008); Recuero (2017), entre outros. Adicionalmente, adotou-se a pesquisa de campo com aplicação das técnicas do questionários e entrevista semiestruturada para a coleta de dados. A amostragem delimitou-se às micro empresas do comércio de varejo de vestuário do corredor do Calçadão da Batista de Carvalho da cidade de Bauru, São Paulo. Os resultados encontrados apontam que a comunicação organizacional não recebe qualquer tipo de gerenciamento ou atenção pelos empresários e, consequentemente a comunicação digital e as TICs são utilizadas exclusivamente para fins táticos e instrumentais. Com isso verifica-se que a maior dificuldade percebida é a transição da cultura organizacional, que ainda resiste em manter as características do período de industrialização, sendo centralizada no empresário e relutante às mudanças sociais. / The digital context, through information and communication technologies (ICTs) are redefining the daily lives of individuals and their social relations, now also virtual. Consequently, the new structuring concepts of network society have directly affected the scenario of contemporary organizations, especially micro and small enterprises (SMEs), since individuals now experience a cultural reality mediated by the connection, interactivity and speed of information. This mediation exercised especially by ICTs and virtualization puts us in the face of changes established by the relations between the individual and technology, changing customs, habits, perception of time and space, ways of seeing the world and itself. Therefore, this mediation also changes the relationships established with and in organizations and their audiences. Not by chance, this study intends to make a foray into the digital context and its influence on the organizations, considering that the social, cultural, economic changes based on the transition from the analogical media to the digital ones and of how they can affect and change the modus operations. Therefore, the research aims to reflect on the difficulties that MSE faces in relation to organizational communication, especially with the rise of ICTs and digital communication. For that, a theoretical and applied research was developed, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, with exploratory and descriptive objectives. As a theoretical research, we used bibliographical research, whose main references are Kunsch (2002, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2014); Wolton (2006); Castells (2006); Corrêa (2005, 2008 and 2009); Jenkins (2009); Manucci (2008); Di Felice (2008); Recuero (2017), among others. In addition, the field research was applied with the application of the techniques of the questionnaires and semi-structured interview for the data collection. Sampling was limited to the micro-enterprises of the retail clothing trade in the corridor of Baçade de Batista de Carvalho in the city of Bauru, São Paulo. The results show that the organizational communication does not receive any kind of management or attention by the entrepreneurs and, consequently, the digital communication and the TICs are used exclusively for tactical and instrumental purposes. This shows that the greatest perceived difficulty is the transition of the organizational culture, which still resists maintaining the characteristics of the industrialization period, being centralized in the entrepreneur and reluctant to social changes.

Este trabalho apresenta estudo exploratório realizado com 29 alunos ingressantes no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil – PPGEC da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, 2009 e 2010, composto de questionário com cinco questões abertas, abordando questões relacionadas ao domínio dos alunos sobre temas ligados a legislação, aplicações e aplicabilidade econômica da gestão de resíduos sólidos. Este estudo serviu de base para identificar as lacunas de conhecimento e, com base neste resultado, foi desenvolvido e implantado um modelo de disciplina a distância - Tópicos Especiais de Engenharia I: Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos - ofertada pelo PPGEC em janeiro de 2010. A disciplina a distância teve o objetivo de consolidar a cultura de formação continuada para profissionais da área tecnológica, bem como implementar Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) em aplicações com fins educacionais. A disciplina foi estruturada tendo como base o modelo sistêmico de Moore e Kearsley (2007) que descreve os principais componentes de um sistema de educação a distancia que são: identificação das fontes, projeto instrucional, oferta, interação, ambientes de aprendizagem e avaliação. São descritos todos os passos do desenvolvimento do projeto instrucional, implantação do curso e avaliação do desempenho dos alunos (projeto que emula um caso real de ampliação de um aterro sanitário) e avaliação da disciplina pelos alunos. / The present work starts with an exploratory study with 29 students from the the Post-Graduation Course in Civil Engineering at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (PPGEC/UFRGS). A questionnaire consisting in a series of five open-ended questions designed with the purpose of gathering information regarding the students´ familiarity to subjects such as environmental legislation and management of Solid Wastes was applied in March 2009. Assessment to the students´ lack of knowledge on these topics guided the development and implementation of a long distance course named “Special Topics in Engineering: Management of Solid Wastes, offered by PPGEC in January 2010. The course was developed with the aim of consolidating the culture of continuous education in the technological field, as well as evaluating the potential of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for education purposes. The course has been structured following the conceptual framework proposed by Moore and Kearsley (2007), which implied on incorporating recommendations of the critical aspects of the systems approach: identification of learner’s needs, instructional design, technology and media, interaction, learning environment and evaluation. Within this frame of reference, the work describes every step taken in the instructional design development, implementation of the course with used technologies and evaluation of the students from a case based study that emulates the real extension of municipal solid waste (MSW) site. Finally the students´ satisfaction with the course was assessed.