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Icas satsning på hälsa med Gott livBolik, Charlott, Pettersson, Jessica January 2005 (has links)
<p>Idag råder en hälsotrend vilket har lett till att det efterfrågas mer hälsosamma livsmedel än tidigare och detta skapar nya möjligheter för livsmedelsföretagen. Ica är den första livsmedelskedjan som har pågående hälsotrenden. Detta arbete beskriver hur Ica har tagit fram Gott liv och hur Ica har gått tillväga för att skapa en medvetenhet kring dessa produkter. Dessutom redogör arbetet för om budskapet har nått fram till konsumenterna, om det stimulerar dem till köp samt hur de uppfattar Gott liv. Arbetet grundar sig på en intervju med Icas dietist Christina Karlsson samt en konsumentundersökning med 100 deltagande konsumenter. Vårt resultat visar att det finns en hög medvetenhet kring Gott liv samt höga köpintentioner bland konsumenterna. Det är dock många av de tillfrågade konsumenterna som inte har provat produkterna än och därmed behöver konsumenterna troligtvis stimuleras till köp.</p>
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Ge Er fru en mopp nu! : Kvinnor och män i ICA-kurirens annonser 1955 och 1975Teeriaho, Ida January 2008 (has links)
<p><p>Syftet med detta arbete är att studera annonsering i ICA-kuriren och se vilka typer av varor har könade annonser. Mer specifikt är syftet att jämföra reklamens syn på kvinnor och män i ICA-kuriren mellan året 1955 och året 1975. 15 nummer studeras från år 1955 och tio från år 1975. Resultatet visar att annonser år 1975 behåller den konservativa genusordningen som rådde redan år 1955: Kvinnan tar hand om hemmet och barnen och mannen arbetar och försörjer familjen. Det fanns dock några tydliga förändringar mellan de två åren. I annonserna år 1975 syns inte så många människor i bilderna, vilket kan tyda på att det hände något i samhället, men annonsörerna vågade inte visa dessa förändringar. Dessutom var atmosfären friare år 1975: Människor såg inte så perfekta ut längre och flickor och pojkar liknade mer varandra än år 1955.</p></p>
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Characterization of the expression of the intercellular adhesin locus in Staphylococcus aureusBrooks, Jamie 07 December 2012 (has links)
Poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) is an important Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor. It is a major component of the extracellular polymeric matrix in biofilms, and contributes to resistance to the innate immune response. The proteins encoded in the icaADBC (intercellular adhesin) operon are responsible for PNAG production. Here, we present evidence of a new mechanism of phase variation for switching off PNAG production that involves slipped strand mutagenesis, along with further insight into the regulation and expression of the icaADBC operon. S. aureus strain MN8m (mucoid) is a spontaneous mutant of strain MN8 (non-mucoid). It is characterized by constitutive overproduction of PNAG, resulting from a 5 bp deletion in the icaADBC promoter region. First, we explored the effect of this mutation on the binding of the positive regulator SarA and its regulation of icaADBC in MN8m; and demonstrated that while binding is not inhibited by the MN8m promoter mutation, it appears that SarA exhibits a negative influence on transcriptional activation in this strain background. Second, we found that non-mucoid mutants were frequently detected in MN8m cultures. The PNAG mutants still exhibited elevated icaADBC transcript levels and the 5 bp deletion was still present, but they were PNAG-negative. The most frequent mutation responsible for the phenotype was a slipped strand mispairing in the icaC gene. We found that, in vitro, PNAG-negative mutants had a growth advantage and increased fitness relative to the mucoid, PNAG-overproducing strain. Therefore, the slipped strand mutants in the PNAG-off state had a competitive growth advantage and eventually predominated the culture. Reversion back to mucoid occurred but revertants were isolated infrequently, due to their compromised fitness. The region of slipped strand mispairing was found to vary in several clinical S. aureus isolates, indicating in vivo relevance of this new mechanism. Third, a non-mucoid variant was isolated with the same phenotype and growth properties that instead had a nonsense mutation in icaB, which has demonstrated that there is a polar translational relationship between icaB and icaC. Together, these studies have given us insight into the regulation and expression of icaADBC expression and have revealed a growth disadvantage associated with PNAG overproduction.
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An independent evaluation of subspace facial recognition algorithmsSurajpal, Dhiresh Ramchander 23 December 2008 (has links)
In traversing the diverse field of biometric security and face recognition techniques, this investigation
explores a rather rare comparative study of three of the most popular Appearance-based Face
Recognition projection classes, these being the methodologies of Principal Component Analysis
(PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Both the
linear and kernel alternatives are investigated along with the four most widely accepted similarity
measures of City Block (L1), Euclidean (L2), Cosine and the Mahalanobis metrics. Although
comparisons between these classes can become fairly complex given the different task natures, the
algorithm architectures and the distance metrics that must be taken into account, an important aspect of
this study is the completely equal working conditions that are provided in order to facilitate fair and
proper comparative levels of evaluation. In doing so, one is able to realise an independent study that
significantly contributes to prior literary findings, either by verifying previous results, offering further
insight into why certain conclusions were made or by providing a better understanding as to why
certain claims should be disputed and under which conditions they may hold true. The experimental
procedure examines ten algorithms in the categories of expression, illumination, occlusion and
temporal delay; the results are then evaluated based on a sequential combination of assessment tools
that facilitate both intuitive and statistical decisiveness among the intra and inter-class comparisons. In
a bid to boost the overall efficiency and accuracy levels of the identification system, the ‘best’
categorical algorithms are then incorporated into a hybrid methodology, where the advantageous
effects of fusion strategies are considered. This investigation explores the weighted-sum approach,
which by fusion at a matching score level, effectively harnesses the complimentary strengths of the
component algorithms and in doing so highlights the improved performance levels that can be provided
by hybrid implementations. In the process, by firstly exploring previous literature with respect to each
other and secondly by relating the important findings of this paper to previous works one is also able to
meet the primary objective in providing an amateur with a very insightful understanding of publicly
available subspace techniques and their comparable application status within the environment of face
recognition.
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One-to-one i verkligheten : en studie av hur väl ICA:s uppfattning av begreppet stämmer överens med teorin / One-to-one in reality : a study of how well ICAs perception of the concept corresponds to the theoryMitic, Aleksandar, Lund, Magnus, Shidani, Soroush January 2007 (has links)
One-to-one marketing är en extrem variant av relationsmarknadsföring.Begreppet myntades i början av 1990-talet och ligger till grund för en ny synpå marknadsföring. Många företag har försökt att använda sig av teoriernakring begreppet, men få har hittills lyckats fullt ut. One-to-one marketingfrämjas av att kunden inte behöva återupprepa sig varje gång man köperföretagets produkt eller tjänst. Detta medför att kunden kan tjäna på att vara ien relation med ett företag som använder sig av one-to-one marketing. Syftetmed uppsatsen är att undersöka om vårt valda företag planerar att användasig av one-to-one marketing i sin marknadsföring och om deras uppfattningav begreppet stämmer överens med vad teorierna säger. Detta kan vararelevant då man på senare tid kan se att marknadsföringen har rört sig bortfrån massmarknadsföringsstrukturen till en mer kundanpassadmarknadsföring.Det företag som vi har valt att studera är ICA, som håller på att utvecklaone-to-one marketing i sin marknadsföring. Vi har valt detta företag dels föratt vi ville undersöka ett stort företag som säkerligen har återkommandekunder, samt för att de har arbetat med relationsmarknadsföring i ett antal år.När vi genomförde vår kvalitativa undersökning utgick vi från en intervjumed en anställd på ICA:s Customer Relationship Management avdelning föratt få en inblick i hur ICA tänker kring sin utveckling av one-to-onemarketing.Det visar sig i vår undersökning att några av grunderna enligt one-to-onemarketing begreppet enligt teorin inte kan anpassas på ICA. Samtidigt somderas synätt på one-to-one marketing inte alltid överensstämmer med vadteorierna säger om begreppet, har de ändå en bra uppfattning om hur manska skräddarsy erbjudande till sina kunder. / Uppsatsnivå: C
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Buenas prácticas en la elaboración del pisco en la región IcaCondori Chiqui, María Kelita, Domínguez Huerta, Christian Miguel, Torres Cubas, Carlos Alberto, Torres Tafur, Johana Antonia Ildaura 22 November 2018 (has links)
Dado que el Pisco es la “bebida bandera”, es fundamental que las empresas cumplan
con exigentes controles para gestionar la calidad, pero sobre todo con la inocuidad del
producto. Entonces, lo mínimo que estas deben cumplir es la normativa nacional que rige en
el país, que considera las BPM como pilar y están constituidas por los principios del Codex
Alimentarius. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo transeccional, cualitativo, y
exploratorio para identificar qué buenas prácticas se realizan en empresas productoras de
Pisco en la región Ica. Para lograr los objetivos, se realizó una exhaustiva investigación de la
literatura con temas relacionados a las buenas prácticas en la elaboración del Pisco. Es
importante señalar que las normas y procedimientos aún son escasos en contenido en el Perú,
es por ello que también se recurrió a fuentes extranjeras. La investigación se basa en una
metodología cualitativa, y como herramienta de recolección de datos se utilizó una entrevista
semiestructurada, siendo el método de muestreo por conveniencia. Después se procedió al
análisis de las transcripciones de las seis empresas entrevistadas, analizándose las respuestas
de la guía de la entrevista, y se identificaron códigos y categorías de producto de las buenas
prácticas realizadas por dichas empresas. A partir de los resultados de cada pregunta, se
comparó con el marco teórico propuesto para obtener la información relacionada a los
objetivos de la investigación.
Como resultados de la investigación, se han logrado identificar algunas buenas
prácticas que se realizan en la elaboración del Pisco, donde para lograr un impacto positivo
en el sector del Pisco es necesario: (a) estandarizar la manera cómo se realizan estas buenas
prácticas para que sus resultados puedan ser reproducibles y (b) brindar asesoramiento y
capacitación gratuita por parte del Estado a las bodegas para que estas puedan reconocer los
beneficios de implementar estas buenas prácticas (e.g., incrementar su competitividad,
ingresar a nuevos mercados, entre otros). / Since Pisco is the “flag beverage”, it is fundamental that companies follow with
demanding controls to manage quality, but above all with the innocuousness of the product.
Therefore, the minimum these companies must follow are the national regulations that apply
in the country, which considers GMP as a pillar and are constituted by the principles of the
Codex Alimentarius. The research design is transectional, qualitative, and exploratory in
order to identify what good practices are carried out in Pisco producing companies in Ica
region. In order to achieve the objectives, an exhaustive investigation of the literature with
subjects related to the good practices in the elaboration of the Pisco was carried out. It is
important to note that the rules and procedures are still scarce in content in Peru, which is
why foreign sources were also used. The research is based on a qualitative methodology, and
as a data collection tool a semi-structured interview was used, being the method of sampling
for convenience. Then the transcripts of the six companies interviewed were analyzed, the
responses of the interview guide were also analyzed, and codes and product categories of
good practices were identified. From the results of each question, it was compared with the
proposed theoretical framework to obtain the information related to the objectives of the
research.
As a result of the research, some good practices have been identified in the
elaboration of Pisco, where in order to achieve a positive impact in the sector, it is necessary
to: (a) standardize how these good practices are performed so their results can be
reproducible and (b) provide free advice and training by the State to wineries so that they can
recognize the benefits of implementing these good practices (e.g., increase their
competitiveness, enter new markets, among others). / Tesis
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Resort y marina en Punta Blanca, ParacasYearwood Macera, Grace 18 July 2015 (has links)
Tesis
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Hur gör Stig egentligen? : en beskrivning av marknadsföring ur ett ICA Nära perspektivSöderberg, Johanna, Jacobsson, Annette, Özer, Josefine January 2008 (has links)
<p>Problem: De minsta butiksformerna inom ICA är ICA Nära, vars syfte är att vara lättillgängliga nära konsumentens bostad. ICA Närabutiker marknadsförs genom centralt samt lokalt styrd marknadsföring. Författarna har sedan tidigare ingen kunskap om den lokalt styrda marknadsföringen och skall därför via ett antal frågeställningar, som grundar sig i den teoretiska referensramen, skildra denna.</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva två ICA Närabutikers marknadsföringsarbete samt om, och i så fall på vilket sätt, arbetet skiljer sig mellan de två butikerna.</p><p>Metod: Författarna har använt sig av en kvalitativ insamlingsmetod i form av personliga intervjuer i sin undersökning av två ICA Närabutiker i Västerås. Den teoretiska referensramen uppsatsen bygger på är marknadsföring av mindre företag, konkurrensmedelsynsättet och relationsmarknadsföring. Utifrån denna referensram har intervjufrågorna utformats och den insamlade primärdatan sedan analyserats.</p><p>Slutsats: I slutsatsen framkom tydligt att de båda butikerna till stor del använder sig av marknadsföring såsom beskrivs i teorin att mindre företag och mindre återförsäljare bör göra. Således använder de sig av konkurrensmedelsynsättet och relationsmarknadsföring. Författarna identifierade ett antal skillnader där de två butikerna arbetar på olika sätt med sin marknadsföring. De frågeställningar som framkom i problemformuleringen besvarades i slutsatsen.</p>
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Statistical tools for the analysis of event-related potentials in electroencephalogramsBugli, Céline 23 June 2006 (has links)
Since its first use in human in 1929, the electroencephalogram (EEG) has become one of the most important diagnostic tool in clinical neurophysiology. However, their use in clinical studies is limited because the huge quantity of collected information is complicated to treat. Indeed, it is very difficult to have an overall picture of this multivariate problem. In addition to the impressive quantity of data to be treated, an intrinsic problem with electroencephalograms is that the signals are "contaminated" by body signals not directly related to cerebral activity. However, these signals do not interest us directly to evaluate treatment effect on the brain. Removing these signals known as "parasitic noise" from electroencephalograms is a difficult task.
We use clinical data kindly made available by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly (Lilly Clinical Operations S.A., Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium). Particular types of analyses were already carried out on these data, most based on frequency bands. They mainly confirmed the enormous potential of EEG in clinical studies without much insight in the understanding of treatment effect on the brain. The aim of this thesis is to propose and evaluate a panel of statistical techniques to clean and to analyze electroencephalograms.
The first presented tool enables to align curves such as selected parts
of EEGs before any further statistical treatment. Indeed, when monitoring some continuous process on similar units (like patients in a clinical study), one often notices a typical pattern common to all curves but with variation both in amplitude and
dynamics across curves. In particular, typical peaks could be shifted from unit to unit. This complicates the statistical analysis of sample of curves. For example, the cross-sectional average usually does not reflect a typical curve pattern: due to shifts, the
signal structure is smeared or might even disappear.
Another of the presented tools is based on the preliminary linear decomposition of EEGs into statistically independent signals. This decomposition provides on the one hand an effective cleaning method and on the other hand a considerable reduction of the quantity of data to be analyzed. The technique of decomposition of our signals in statistically independent signals is a well-known technique in physics primarily used to unmix sound signals. This technique is named Independent Component Analysis or ICA.
The last studied tool is functional ANOVA. The analysis of longitudinal curve data is a methodological and computational challenge for statisticians. Such data are often generated in biomedical studies. Most of the time, the statistical analysis focuses on simple summary measures, thereby discarding potentially important information. We propose to model these curves using non parametric regression techniques based on splines.
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From Motion to Movements : Revelations by the Infant EEGNyström, Pär January 2008 (has links)
The introduction of high density EEG (hd-EEG) nets for easy application on subjects of all ages has improved the possibilities to investigate the development of the infant neurophysiology. This dissertation consists of three studies (I – III) that investigate the visual motion system and mirror neuron system of the infant, and methodological sections that outline the bioelectrical background and the characteristics of the methods used. Study I covers the maturation of cortical areas involved in motion perception in adults and infants using an ERP paradigm. Over three age groups (2, 3 and 5 month olds) the cortical activation increased dramatically. All infant groups showed significant activation when moving displays was contrasted to static displays on a video screen. The study shows that 5-month-old infants and older can be expected to process motion in a similar fashion as adults. Study II covers the infant mirror neuron system (MNS). In adults the mu rhythm perturbations is considered a reliable measure of activation of the MNS. This study presented both a mu rhythm analysis and a ERP analysis to detect MNS activity in 6-month-olds and in adults. This study concludes that the infant MNS can be measured using ERPs and that the development of mu rhythm perturbations requires further study. Study III focused on exploring the mu rhythm suppressions. 8-month-olds observed a live actor that performed goal directed reaches and non-goal directed hand movements. The results show robust mu rhythm perturbations time-locked to the grasping moment. The study concluded that the MNS activity is possible to evaluate by analysis of mu rhythm perturbations and that the MNS show mature characteristics at the age of 8 months. In summary, Study 2 and 3 present new methods to investigate the infant mirror neuron system and shows that the infant MNS is active at 6 months of age. At 8 months of age the infant MNS show mature EEG responses to simple actions such as reaching. How the MNS development relates to the infants’ motor development, and how the MNS interacts with the development of social skills requires further studies that could benefit from the methods presented here.
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