Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Abstract Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) is an invasive alien species which is difficult to control as it is a hardy perennial that recovers easily. In Västra Götaland County, Sweden, there are a total of 7 416 documented observations in the SLU Biodiversity Data Analysis Portal. This study examines Japanese knotweed in Västra Götaland County with the aim of investigating whether the occurrence can be linked to a certain type of land cover or soil moisture. National Land Cover Data and SLU Soil Moisture Map were used to investigate which land cover and soil moisture classes that occur within buffered species observations (with a radius of 6 m) as well as in the entire county. The results of this study show that the occurrence of Japanese knotweed is related to land cover. The area of land cover classes within reported Japanese knotweed observations was not proportional to the area of the respective land cover classes within Västra Götaland County. The species occurs most commonly within land cover classes such as forest (deciduous and pine forests), other open land and exploited land. Occurrence of Japanese knotweed was also related to a certain soil moisture class. The area of a certain soil moisture class within reported observations of Japanese knotweed was not proportional to the area of the respective soil moisture class within Västra Götaland County. Analysis shows that Japanese knotweed within Västra Götaland County has a preference for areas with mesic-dry soil. The results show that Japanese knotweed has a strong association with places associated with human activities and lower level of soil moisture. This can be used to predict which habitats are at high risk of invasion by the Japanese knotweed. / Sammanfattning Parkslide (Reynoutria japonica) är en invasiv främmande art som är svårbekämpad då den är en tålig perenn som lätt återhämtar. I Västra Götalands län, Sverige, finns det totalt 7416 dokumenterade artfynd i SLU Analysportalen för biodiversitetsdata. Den här studien går ut på att undersöka parkslide i Västra Götalands län, i syfte att utreda om förekomsten kan kopplas till viss typ av marktäcke eller markfuktighet. Nationella Marktäckedata och SLU Markfuktighetskarta användes för att undersöka vilka marktäcke- och markfuktighetsklasser förekommer inom buffrade artobservationer (med radie på 6 m) såväl som i hela länet. Resultaten av denna studie visar det förekomsten av parkslide är relaterad till marktäckning. Arean av marktäckeklasser inom rapporterade parkslide observationer var inte proportionell mot arean för respektive marktäckeklasser inom Västra Götalands län. Arten förekommer vanligast vid marktäckeklasser som skog (löv- och tallskogar), övrig öppen mark och exploaterad mark. Förekomst av parkslide var också relaterad till viss markfuktighetsklass. Arean av viss markfuktighetsklass inom rapporterade observationer av parkslide var inte proportionell till arean av respektive markfuktighetsklass inom Västra Götalands län. Analys visar att parkslide inom Västra Götalands län har en preferens för områden med markfuktighets nivån frisk-fuktig. Resultaten visar att parkslide har ett starkt samband med platser förknippade med mänskliga aktiviteter och lägre nivå av markfuktighet. Detta kan användas för att förutsäga vilka livsmiljöer som löper hög risk för invasion av parkslide.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-156). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1240699121&SrchMode=1&sid=10&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1195662857&clientId=5220

Submitted by Anna Luisa Lopes Alves (annalopes.alves@gmail.com) on 2018-06-08T22:15:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de mestrado Anna Luisa Lopes Alves.pdf: 2081259 bytes, checksum: 32e721e4f4fb4a131e1c4124214549e2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-06-11T13:12:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_all_me_sjrp.pdf: 2081259 bytes, checksum: 32e721e4f4fb4a131e1c4124214549e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T13:12:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_all_me_sjrp.pdf: 2081259 bytes, checksum: 32e721e4f4fb4a131e1c4124214549e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A escrita de abstracts tem sido estudada por pesquisadores de diferentes áreas (BATHIA; 1993; SWALES; FEAK, 2009; DAYRELL, 2011) para que seja possível observar quais padrões são mais utilizados por autores de revistas de impacto internacional a fim de preparar pesquisadores para a escrita deste gênero textual. Nesta dissertação, objetivamos analisar como a Linguística de Corpus e o Corpus de aprendizes (DUTRA, et al, 2016), composto por textos de alunos brasileiros de universidades públicas, e o Corpus MICUSP (RÖMER, 2012), contendo textos de alunos nativos e não-nativos de língua inglesa da Universidade de Michigan, podem ser utilizados no desenvolvimento da escrita acadêmica de abstracts (BIBER, 2007; SWALES e FEAK, 2009; GLASMAN-DEAL, 2010) e como alunos universitários utilizam as that-clauses para reportarem as descobertas, resultados e conclusão de seus trabalhos em abstracts. Após coleta e compilação dos nossos corpora de análises, utilizamos o programa linguístico e computacional Sketch Engine (KILGARRIFF, et al, 2014) para criar linhas de concordância com a palavra that e, a partir dos resultados, foi possível observar que tanto na escrita de abstracts de alunos de universidades brasileiras, quanto na escrita de abstracts de alunos da Universidade de Michigan, as estruturas mais utilizadas no desenvolvimento da escrita das descobertas, resultados e conclusões, foram as seguintes: sujeito + verbo no passado simples + that e sujeito + verbo no presente simples + that, respectivamente, se alinhando com resultados de pesquisa de autores como Biber, et al. (2007) e Glasman-Deal (2010). O resultado final demonstrou que é possível utilizar a Linguística de Corpus para o ensino e aprendizagem de Inglês com Fins Acadêmicos e obter um desfecho positivo na escrita acadêmica de abstracts, de acordo com a verificação das estruturas utilizadas pelos alunos em seus resumos e, também é possível desenvolver atividades didáticas utilizando Corpus de aprendizes para que a autonomia do aluno como pesquisador seja desenvolvida. Ademais, notamos com esta pesquisa que a LC é uma área muito abrangente que permite diversos tipos de trabalhos e aplicações, visando análises de dados linguísticos para os mais diversos fins, e, ressaltamos, de acordo com Berber Sardinha (2004), que a utilização de corpus no ensino de línguas estrangeiras é uma maneira de auxiliar o ensino e aprendizagem de uma segunda língua tornando seu aprendiz mais autônomo. / The writing of abstracts has been studied by researchers from different areas (BATHIA, 1993; SWALES e FEAK, 2009; DAYRELL, 2011) so that it is possible to observe which standards are most used by authors of international impact journals in order to prepare researchers for the writing of this textual genre. In this dissertation, we aim to analyze how Corpus Linguistics and Learner Corpus (DUTRA, et al., 2016), composed of texts by Brazilian students of public universities, and Corpus MICUSP (RÖMER, 2012), with texts written by native and non-native speakers of English can be used to help academic writing (BIBER, 2007, SWALES and FEAK, 2009; GLASMAN-DEAL, 2010) and how college students use that-clauses to report discoveries, results and conclusion of their researchs in abstracts. After collecting and compiling our corporus of analysis , we used the linguistic and computational program Sketch Engine (KILGARRIFF, et al, 2014) to generate concordance lines with the search word “that” and, based on the results, it was possible to observe that in both, writing abstracts of students of Brazilian universities, as well as in the writing of abstracts of University of Michigan students, the most used structures in the development of the writing of discoveries, results and conclusions, were the following structures: subject + verb in past simple + that, and subject + present simple + that, respectively, aligning with search results of authors such as Biber, et al. (2007) and Glasman-Deal (2010). The final result showed that it is possible to use Corpus Linguistics for teaching and learning English for Academic Purposes and to obtain a positive result in the academic writing of abstracts, according to the verification of the structures used by the students in their abstracts. It is also possible to develop teaching activities using Learner Corpus so that the autonomy of the student as a researcher is developed. In addition, we observed with this research that Corpus Linguistics is a very broad area that allows different types of works and applications, aiming at analysis of linguistic data for the most diverse purposes, and, according to Berber Sardinha (2004), that the use of corpus in the teaching of foreign languages is a way of helping the teaching and learning of a second language making learners more autonomous.

No description available.

La cryptographie prend une place de plus en plus importante dans la vie des sociétés depuis que ses utilisateurs se rendent compte de son importance pour sécuriser divers aspects de la vie, depuis les moyens de paiement, de communication et de sauvegarde des éléments de la vie privée des citoyens, jusqu'à la sécurité nationale des pays et de leurs armées. Depuis une vingtaine d'années on sait que les algorithmes de cryptographie ne doivent pas seulement être sûrs mathématiquement parlant, mais que leurs implémentations dans un dispositif les rendent vulnérables à d'autres menaces par des voies d'informations alternatives : les canaux auxiliaires. Que ce soit la consommation électrique, le temps ou les émissions électromagnétiques, ... ces biais ont été évalués et depuis leur découverte les recherches de nouvelles attaques et protections se succèdent afin de garantir la sécurité des algorithmes. La présente thèse s'inscrit dans ce processus et présente plusieurs travaux de recherche traitant d'attaques et de contre-mesures dans le domaine de l'exploitation de canaux auxiliaires et d'injections de fautes. Une première partie présente des contributions classiques où l'on cherche à retrouver une clef cryptographique lorsque la seconde s’attelle à un domaine moins étudié pour l'instant consistant à retrouver les spécifications d'un algorithme tenu secret. / Cryptography is taking an ever more important part in the life of societies since the users are realising the importance to secure the different aspects of life from citizens means of payment, communication and records of private life to the national securities and armies. During the last twenty years we learned that to mathematically secure cryptography algorithms is not enough because of the vulnerabilities brought by their implementations in a device through an alternative means to get information: side channels. Whether it is from power consumption, time or electromagnetic emissions ... those biases have been evaluated and, since their discovery, the researches of new attacks follow new countermeasures in order to guarantee security of algorithms. This thesis is part of this process and shows several research works about attacks and countermeasures in the fields of side channel and fault injections analysis. The first part is about classic contributions where an attacker wants to recover a secret key when the second part deals with the less studied field of secret specifications recovery.

A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma zoonose, no Brasil causado pelo protozoário Leishmania chagasi (syn. L. infantum). É endêmica em 88 países, os quais compreendem regiões tropicais e subtropicais do Velho e do Novo Mundo, com incidência estimada em 2 milhões de casos por ano. No ambiente urbano, o cão doméstico é considerado o principal reservatório do parasito. A transmissão da doença ocorre através da picada do vetor, díptero flebotomíneo, da espécie Lutzomyia longipalpis. O diagnóstico pode ser feito através de métodos diretos, como esfregaço preparado com os diferentes órgãos linfoides, Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), cultivo in vitro do parasito, ou por métodos sorológicos, como ELISA (Ensaio Imunoenzimático) e RIFI (Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta). O controle epidemiológico da doença humana envolve o tratamento sistemático dos casos humanos, borrifação de inseticida em região domiciliar e peridomiciliar e eliminação de cães soropositivos, ponto mais controverso do programa de controle. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a técnica não invasiva do suabe conjuntival na identificação por PCR de leishmaniose canina. As amostras, de sangue e suabe conjuntival, foram coletadas durante inquérito epidemiológico realizado na cidade de Ilha Solteira - SP. A prevalência de animais positivos em pelo menos um dos três testes (RIFI, PCR de sangue, e PCR de suabe conjuntival) foi de 28,17% (60/213). No teste sorológico RIFI, um total de 13,6% (29/213) dos cães reagiram positivamente. Na PCR do suabe conjuntival, 13,1% (28/213) dos cães foram positivos, e na PCR de sangue total também obtivemos 13,1% (28/213) positivos. Comparando os animais testados pela RIFI e pela PCR de suabe conjuntival, 7,9% (17/213) animais foram positivos em ambos os testes, enquanto 81,2% (173/213) animais foram negativos em ambos os testes (PCR-SC e RIFI). Dos animais testados para PCR-SC, 5,1% (11/213) foram positivos apenas neste teste. Na sorologia, 5,6% (12/213) reagiram positivamente apenas pela RIFI. A sensibilidade e especificidade da PCR-SC foram respectivamente 58,6% e 94,0%, valor preditivo positivo de 61,0%, valor preditivo negativo de 94,0%, e o índice kappa 0,53, o qual demonstra moderada concordância entre os testes. Ao se comparar a RIFI com a PCR-SG, dos animais testados, 3,3% (7/213) foram positivos nos dois testes simultaneamente, 13,6% (29/213) foram positivos apenas na RIFI, logo, 9,9% (21/213) foram positivos apenas na PCR-SG. Foram negativos nos dois testes 76,5% (163/231). A PCR-SG demonstrou sensibilidade de 24,1%, especificidade de 88,5%, valor preditivo positivo de 25,0% e valor preditivo negativo de 88,0% e índice kappa de 0,13, quando comparado à RIFI, indicando uma fraca concordância. Além disso, foram positivos em todos os três testes 2,35% (5/213), e apenas 0,47% (1/213) foi positivo nos testes de PCR-SG e PCR-SC. Os resultados demonstraram que o suabe conjuntival é uma boa alternativa, fácil e pouco invasiva, que pode ser utilizada para auxiliar inquéritos e estudos epidemiológicos da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina. / Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis in Brazil caused by the protozoan Leishmania chagasi (syn. L. infantum). It is endemic in 88 countries, which include tropical and subtropical regions of the Old and New World, with an estimated incidence of 2 million cases per year. In the urban environment, the domestic dog is the main reservoir of the parasite. Disease transmission occurs through the bite of the vector, sandfly, Lutzomyia longipalpis species. The diagnosis by direct methods can be made, such as smear prepared with different lymphoid organs, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in vitro culture of the parasite, or by serological methods such as ELISA (enzyme immunoassay) and IFAT (Indirect Immunofluorescence Test). The epidemiological control of human disease involves the systematic treatment of human cases, insecticide spraying in domiciliary area and elimination of seropositive dogs, most controversial point of the control program. The objective of this study was evaluate the noninvasive technique of conjunctival swab for canine leishmaniasis PCR identification. Were collected Samples of blood and conjunctival swab during an epidemiological survey conducted in the city of Ilha Solteira SP. The prevalence of positive animals in at least one of the three test (IFAT, blood PCR, and swab PCR) was 28.17% (60/213). In IFAT serological test, 13.6% (29/213) of the dogs responded positively. In conjunctival swabs PCR, 13.1% (28/213) dogs were positive, and PCR of whole blood obtained 13.1% (28/213) positive. Comparing the animals tested by IFAT and conjunctival swab PCR, 7.9% (17/213) were positive in both tests, while 81.2% (173/213) animals were negative in both tests. Of the tested animals for swab PCR, 5.1% (11/213) were positive only in this test. In serology, 5.6% (12/213) reacted positively only by IFAT. The sensitivity and specificity of swab PCR were respectively 58.6% and 94.0%, positive predictive value 61.0%, negative predictive value of 94.0%, and kappa 0.53, which demonstrates moderate agreement between tests. Comparing the IFAT with blood PCR, the animals tested, 3.3% (7/213) were positive in both tests simultaneously, 13.6% (29/213) were positive only by IFAT, so, 9, 86% (21/213) were positive only by blood PCR. Were negative in both tests 76.5% (163/213). The blood PCR demonstrated a sensitivity of 24.1%, specificity 88.5%, positive predictive value 25% and negative predictive value of 88% and coefficient of agreement (kappa) of 0.13, compared to IFAT, indicating poor agreement. Furthermore, were positive in all three tests 2.35% (5/213), and only 0.47% (1/213) were positive in the PCR-SC and PCR-SG test. The results showed that conjunctival swab is a good alternative, easier and less invasive that can be used to aid investigations and epidemiological studies of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis.

Em trabalho recente, foi encontrada a infecção de 9,7% da população de Amblyomma triste por Rickettsia parkeri, agente etiológico de riquetsiose humana, na várzea do Rio Paraná, no município de Paulicéia. Desta forma o presente trabalho busco a soroprevelência de anticorpos anti-R. parkeri em humanos, cavalos, cães e gambás; e a prevalência de infecção por R. parkeri em ectoparasitas e diferentes áreas do local. Os carrapatos adultos e ninfas coletados foram identificados com chaves específicas e as larvas por técnicas moleculares (PCR para gene 16S rRNA mitocondrial, seguido de sequenciamento). Também foi feito o teste de presença de DNA de Rickettsia. Amostras de soro sanguineo de cães, cavalos e humanos foram analisadas pela técnica de reação de imunoflurescência indireta, para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-R. rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. bellii, R. amblyommii, R. riphicephalii e R. felis. De 1699 carrapatos coletados, a maioria (1511) foi Amblyomma. Cajennense. Os demais pertenciam às espécies A. coelebs (6), A. triste (2), A. dubitatum (114), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (55), Dermacentor nitens (10) e Amblyomma rotundatum (1). Somente 2 ninfas da espécie A. coelebs estavam infectadas com Rickettsia, com sequências 99% de identidade para o gene ompA R. amblyommii. Dos soros de humanos coletados 25 foram negativos e somente um apresentou títulos ≤64 para R. parkeri e R. rickettsii. De 140 soros dos equinos, 24% apresentou anticorpos anti-Rickettsia, com títulos variando de 64 a 1024, sendo que nove amostras tinham títulos anti-R. parkeri pelo menos quatro vezes maior que os para demais espécies de Rickettsia, indicando a R. parkeri como provável antígeno homólogo. Em 55 amostras de cães 7,7% apresentaram anticorpos anti-Rickettsia, com títulos variando de 64 a 256. Para duas amostras a R. parkeri foi o provável antígeno homólogo. Analisando os questionários epidemiológicos dos eqüinos, juntamente com os resultados sorológicos, a regressão logística indicou associação estatisticamente significante entre a presença de anticorpos anti-Rickettsia com as varáveis independentes (i) acesso à várzea (ii) e tempo de residência na região, os quais podem ser considerados fatores de risco para rickettsiose na região estudada. Foram capturados quatro gambás (Didelphis albiventris) e todos tinham anticorpos para R. parkeri, R. rickettsii, R. amblyommii e R. rhipicephalii, porém sem variação de pelo menos quatro vezes entre os títulos. Os gambás estavam infestados com ninfas A. cajennense e A. coelebs, todas negativas para o PCR para Rickettsia. Em vista destes resultados pode-se dizer que os animais domésticos e os gambás estiveram em contato com bactérias do gênero Rickettsia na região estudada, onde a várzea parece ser a principal foco de carrapatos infectados. / In recent work, 9.7% of the Amblyomma triste of the marsh by the Paraná River in Paulicéia, State of São Paulo, was found infected with Rickettsia parkeri, the etiological agent of spotted fever rickettsiosis in humans. Based on this report, the present study aimed to determine soroprevelence of anti-R. parkeri antibodies in humans, horses, dogs and opossuns, and the prevalence of rickettsial infection in ectoparasites, in different areas of Paulicéia. While ticks were identified by using current morphological Keys for adults and nymphs, larva were identified to species by molecular methods (PCR targeting the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene followed by DNA sequencing). Ticks were tested by PCR for the presence of Rickettsia DNA. Animal and human sera samples were tested by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for the presence of antibodies reactive to R. rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. belli, R. amblyommii, R. riphicephalii and R. felis. From 1699 collected ticks, a vast marjority (1511) was Amblyomma. cajennense. The remaining were the especies A. coelebs (6), A. triste (2), A. dubitatum (114), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (55), Dermacentor nitens (10) and Amblyomma rotundatum (1). Only two nymphs of A. coelebs were found infected by Rickettsia, yielding DNA sequences 99% identical to the gene ompA of R. amblyommii. 25 of human sera collected were negative, except for one for one that showed endpoint titer ≤64 to both R. parkeriand R. rickettsii. Among horses, 24% sera contained anti Rickettsia antibodies, with titles ranging from 64 to 1024, nine samples showed anti-R. parkeri titles at least four times higher than the remaining Rickettsia species, indicating that these animals had been infected by R. parkeri. For 55 dogs, 7.7% anti Rickettsia antibodies, with endpoint titles ranging from 64 to 256. For two canine serum R. parkeri was considered the possible agent responsible for the infection. Through statistical analyses of the serological results with independent variables, the presence of seropositive horses was significantly associated with (i) grazing in the marsh (ii) and being for more than 8.5 years in the region; these two independent variables were considered to be risk factors for rickettsiosis in the study region. A total of four opossums (Didelphis albiventris) were captured. All four had antibodies reactive to R. parkeri, R. rickettsia, R. amblyommii and R. rhipicephalii, however, with less than 4-fold differences between endpont titers to different Rickettsia species. Opossums were found infested by nymphs of A. cajennense and A. coelebs, all negative to Rickettsia by PCR. Based in these results, it is concluded that domestic animals and opossums had been in contact with Rickettsia of the spotted fever group in the study region, where the marsh area seems to be the main focus of Rickettsia-infected ticks

Cryptosporidium parvum is of growing public health concern due to its ability to survive typical water treatment processes. In order to protect the public from infection, the Environmental Protection Agency developed Method 1623 for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in environmental water samples. Execution of this method is time consuming, and the results do not provide an accurate estimation of viability. Therefore, current research is focused on creating a real-time PCR method for the accurate detection of viable Cryptosporidium parvum in environmental water samples. This thesis presents the development of a real-time PCR method, and the results obtained in its use on field samples. The assay was standardized using multiple dilution series in addition to positive and negative controls. Environmental water samples were tested using this method and Method 1623 for comparison. The results were compared statistically to determine the degree of correlation between methods. The data show that the real-time PCR method correlates well to Method 1623. In addition, the assay was determined to be more cost effective and less labor intensive than Method 1623. Although these early findings are promising, additional research and development are needed before the proposed assay can be used in industry.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the ways in which Orìsà priests and their clients conceptualize issues and concerns described by Western based approaches as mental health problems. The two research questions guiding this inquiry included: (a) how do Orìsà priests and their clients conceptualize issues and concerns associated with mental health problems in Western psychology and (b) what methods and techniques do Orìsà priests and their clients use to address issues or concerns associated with mental health problems in Western psychology? This study was grounded in African-centered theory by providing a cultural lens to guide the research design, data collection, and analysis. Data were collected during semi-structured individual interviews with four Orisa priests in a three phase model, for a total of 12 interviews. The study also included three focus groups (six informants per group), who did not participate in the individual interviews. Each group met for two sessions, for a total of six focus groups. Bracketing of assumptions by research team members and use of a reflexive journal was used to ensure credibility and dependability of the data (Creswell, 1998). Data analysis consisted of a recursive process divided into multiple steps, to help strengthen methodological rigor and verification of study procedures. The three part process included codebook development, code application, and data analysis. Three major themes emerged from the data. The first theme, The Conceptualization of Mental Health Problems as Spiritual Matters included one subtheme, Transgenerational Transmission. The second theme, Origins of Mental Health Problems, included three subthemes (Western Socialization, Spiritual Forces, and Ifa as a Healing System). The final theme, Addressing Mental Health Problems, included three subthemes (The Divination Process, Referrals, and Western Therapy). Results of this study indicate that respondents primarily conceptualize mental health problems as spiritual matters and seek to address these problems with the help of an Orìsà priest. In addition, some respondents sought the services of a Western trained therapist for the same issue. Practice and research implications are discussed.