Xiao, Yao. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-33). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.Page 5 / Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.Page 8 / Chapter 3. --- Model --- p.Page 12 / Chapter 4. --- Data --- p.Page 15 / Chapter 5. --- Regression results and comparisons --- p.Page 19 / Chapter 6. --- Sub-group tests --- p.Page 26 / Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.Page 30 / Chapter 8. --- References --- p.Page 32 / Chapter 9. --- Appendix --- p.Page 34

For at least a century academics and governmental researchers have been developing measures that would aid them in understanding income distributions, their differences with respect to geographic regions, and changes over time periods. It is a fascinating area due to a number of reasons, one of them being the fact that different measures, or indices, are needed to reveal different features of income distributions. The existing indices, the Gini index, the Bonferroni index and the Zenga index are intrinsically linked each other, whereas their emphasis are laid differently. One of the limitations of the existing indices is that they provide an overall measurement for the whole society and cannot distinguish the distributions with the same index value. This thesis works on the extension of the three indices and proposes a new index which can make comparison between any groups with different income level, for example, the richest group and the poorest group. The new index satisfies the axioms of inequality measures. The statistical inferential results of the new index are derived and their performance are tested by a simulation study and the results are used to analyze the income data of Hong Kong from Census and Statistics Department, HKSAR. / 近一個世紀學術界和政府間的研究人員一直致力於創造和發展可以幫助理解不同國家地區收入分布和差異的測度。很多原因使之成為令人感興趣的研究領域，需要不同測度或指數用以理解收入分布的不同特征便是原因之一。Gini指數，Bonferroni 指數和Zenga指數等現有指數在本質上相互聯系，但側重點各有不同。可以對整個社會有一個整體測度而不能對具有相同指數的收入分布進行區分是現有指數的共同缺陷。本論文基於以上三種指數提出一種新的指數可以在不同收入水平間進行比較，例如，最富有階層和最貧困階層。新指數滿足收入不均測度的相關性質。本論文推導出新指數的相關統計推理結果並用數值模擬實驗進行了測試，最終用其結果對香港政府統計處的人口普查數據進行了分析。 / Chen, Teng. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 05, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Le développement croissant de l’urbanisme et des activités anthropiques fait peser une pression de plus en plus importante sur les zones côtières, touchant particulièrement les régions méditerranéennes. Les processus liés au changement climatique et aux activités humaines impactent en profondeur les écosystèmes marins et tout particulièrement les systèmes planctoniques qui présentent une sensibilité accrue aux perturbations du milieu. Toutefois, les effets de ces processus agissant de concert à long terme sur la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes côtiers sont encore mal compris. Ainsi, les séries temporelles planctoniques représentent des outils précieux pour la compréhension des processus impactant le milieu marin. Les séries temporelles du laboratoire EBMA-PROTEE de Toulon font partie des séries les plus anciennes de Méditerranée et présentent l’intérêt de combiner l’impact des processus naturels et anthropiques sur les communautés phyto- et zooplanctoniques. C’est dans ce contexte que ce travail a pour objectif de préciser le rôle de ces facteurs sur la dynamique et la composition phyto- et zooplanctonique en Méditerranée nord-occidentale (Toulon, France). Une première partie a ainsi consisté à évaluer le rôle des mélanges verticaux se produisant au sein du bassin Ligure, comme moteur de la dynamique printanière du plancton au sein de la Rade de Toulon. Cette étude a permis d’identifier des variations significatives du régime des précipitations associées à des modifications de la salinité au sein du site de la Grande Rade de Toulon (« LaB ») sur la période 2005-2013. Variations retrouvées également sur 2 autres sites côtiers du bassin Ligure (« SOFCOM » and « Point B »). Conformément à l’hypothèse énoncée, les années conditionnées par un automne et un hiver secs ont présenté en moyenne une production phytoplanctonique printanière supérieure au sein des 3 sites, comparées aux années les plus humides. Toutefois, la présence de différences entre les sites a souligné l’impact important de mécanismes locaux sur le conditionnement de la dynamique phytoplanctonique. L’impact des changements de régime des précipitations sur la composition micro-phytoplanctonique et méso-zooplanctonique a été étudié au cours d’une seconde partie. Les résultats ont suggéré un changement profond des communautés phytoplanctoniques lié à l’augmentation des précipitations, impactant également la structure des communautés zooplanctoniques. Ainsi, ces résultats semblent indiquer que les précipitations interviennent au sein de deux processus, impactant différemment les communautés planctoniques : d’une part, une absence de précipitations participerait à la mise en place de mélanges hivernaux et à la fertilisation des eaux de surfaces au sein de bassin Ligure profitant à la rade de Toulon; d’autre part, les changements dans la composition phytoplanctonique ont évoqué la mise en place d’un processus d’eutrophisation durant les périodes pluvieuses, alimenté par les apports des rivières locales. En parallèle de cet aspect temporel, le suivi de la Petite et Grande Rade de Toulon caractérisés par un degré différent de la pression anthropique a permis, au cours d’une troisième partie, de tester le potentiel des compartiments phyto- et zooplanctoniques en tant qu’indicateur de l’augmentation de la pression anthropique. Cette étude a identifié une sensibilité accrue de la composition du zooplancton par rapport au phytoplancton. Enfin, des indicateurs de pression anthropique des zones côtières, basés sur les familles de copépodes, ont été proposés. / The growing development of urbanism and anthropogenic activities is source of increasing environmental pressure on marine coastal area and especially the Mediterranean Sea. Both human activities and climate change deeply impact marine ecosystems and particularly planktonic systems, which were sensitive to environmental change. However, the combined effect of these two processes on coastal systems functioning and structure over time remains poorly understood. Therefore, planktonic time series provide powerful tools for investigating the impacts of these perturbations. The PROTEE-EBMA laboratory planktonic time series from Toulon (France) are among the oldest from the Mediterranean Sea and provide records of effects for both natural and anthropogenic pressures on planktonic communities. In the context of global change, the present work aim to determine the role of these factors on dynamic and composition of phyto- and zooplankton in NW Mediterranean (Toulon, France). The first part focused on the role of vertical mixing in the Ligurian Sea as inter annual variation driver of the spring plankton bloom in Toulon Bay. The results revealed significant shifts in precipitation regime associated with salinity change into the Large Bay (Toulon) over the period 2005-2013. Same changes were observed into 2 Ligurian basin sites (”SOFCOM” and “Point B”). According to previous hypothesis, spring blooms of phytoplankton conditioned by dry autumns and winters were on average more intense than those from wet conditions. However, differences among sites highlighted importance of local drivers affecting phytoplanktonic dynamics. The second part aimed to investigate impact of precipitation and salinity changes on plankton composition. Results showed a dramatic change in phytoplankton community composition triggering by increasing precipitations and consequently lower salinity and subsequently leading to zooplankton community shifts. In addition, these results suggested that precipitation involved in two specific processes, affecting in a different manner the plankton communities: firstly, low precipitation could contribute on the triggering of winter mixing and thus in surface water fertilization of the Ligurian Basin impacting the Toulon Bays. On the other hand, phytoplankton community shifts also suggested a developing eutrophication processes in Toulon Bay during important precipitation periods driven by increasing local river inputs. In the third part, impact of anthropogenic pressure on both phyto- and zooplankton communities was investigated based on monitoring of two neighboring coastal systems characterized by distinct levels of human activities. Zooplankton communities showed higher sensibility to anthropogenic activities than phytoplankton communities. Finally, indicators of anthropogenic pressure based on copepod families were proposed.

Esta tese trata da relação entre desigualdade de gênero na família e a violência contra a mulher, com a finalidade de elaborar uma proposta de indicadores de gênero na família. Parte da constatação de que a violência doméstica não é um fenômeno recente e tem sido uma constante na sociedade, principalmente sobre os membros mais vulneráveis da família como mulheres, crianças e idosos. Especificamente contra a mulher, a violência persiste no tempo e se estende praticamente por todas as classes sociais, em diferentes culturas e sociedades. Daí a necessidade de conhecer em profundidade o fenômeno violência de gênero para enfrentá-lo com êxito, e os indicadores constituem um dos instrumentos viáveis para mensurar essa realidade. Para proceder à análise, este estudo apoia-se teoricamente no conceito de gênero de Joan Scott (1990) e toma como parâmetro os indicadores de (des)igualdade de gênero na família de Goldani (2000). Os sujeitos da pesquisa são 19 mulheres residentes em Curitiba-PR, com média de idade de 31 anos, portanto, mulheres em idade reprodutiva e em grande parte inseridas no mercado de trabalho, em sua maioria casada ou em união consensual estável, e distribuídas por todos os graus de escolaridade, desde o ensino fundamental até o nível superior. Selecionadas com base na Ficha de Notificação de violência contra a mulher, do Programa Mulher de Verdade, da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde-Curitiba, suas entrevistas resultaram, após a sistematização, em histórias de vida, conforme procedimento preconizado por Bourdieu (1997). Com o emprego da técnica de análise de Bardin (1977), das histórias de vida foram extraídas frases temáticas correspondentes a cada indicador e, com isso, foi possível construir os indicadores de subalternidade de gênero na família, proposta central deste estudo. Como uma das conclusões desta tese, aponta-se que a família, como unidade primária de socialização, em que se produz e reproduz determinada desigualdade de relação de gênero, condiciona em muitos casos a violência contra a mulher e a vivência das (des)igualdades entre os sexos em outras esferas da vida social. / This dissertation deals with the relationship between gender inequality in the family and violence against women, and its purpose is developing a proposal for family gender indicators. It starts from the observation that domestic violence is not a recent phenomenon and has been constant in society, particularly against more vulnerable members of the family such as women, children and the elderly. More specifically against women, violence persists in time and permeates all social levels in different cultures and societies. Hence the need to study the gender violence phenomenon in depth if we are to stand up to it effectively, and indicators are one of the instruments available to measure this reality. In order to carry out the analysis, this study is theoretically based on Joan Scotts gender concept (1990) and the parameters used are (in)equality family gender indicators developed by Goldani (2000). The subjects of the research are 19 women residing in Curitiba-PR, averaging 31 years of age, and so, women in their reproductive years, generally active in the job market, most of them married or in stable consensual relationships, with education levels ranging from fundamental to higher education. Their selection was based on the violence against women notification record of the Mulher de Verdade program of Curitibas Municipal Secretariat for Health, and after being systematized, the interviews resulted in life stories, according to a procedure suggested by Bourdieu (1997). Through the use of Bardins analysis technique (1977), thematic phrases were extracted from the life stories and correspond to each indicator, which allowed the creation of family gender subjugation indicators the central proposal of this study. As one of this dissertations conclusions we point out that the family, as a primary socialization unit that produces and reproduces gender inequality, is, in many cases, the vector of violence against women and (in)equality experiences between the sexes in other spheres of social living as well.

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Bee pollinators can thrive in highly urbanized environments if their preferred floral resources and habitat types are available. Enhanced pollinator habitats are being created globally, with a large local effort in Portland, Oregon. This project determined if we were providing the most preferred floral resources at enhanced pollinator sites for bees, if floral resources were available throughout the season, and if differences in dietary preferences between native and honey bees would allow for the identification of "native bee floral resources" in South East Portland. Bee pollinators were monitored from June to August at three enhanced pollinator sites in South East Portland, Oregon. A total of 566 individual bees were observed, tiny dark bees and bumblebees composed the large majority of the urban bee composition. Vegetation metrics and bee presence were correlated using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model and significant variables that predicted bee presence included Solidago canadenisis (p-value 0.0024), density of floral resources (p-value

El presente trabajo de investigación desarrolla la propuesta de un modelo de dirección de proyectos del sector minero en el Perú con indicadores sociales adaptado a los lineamientos de La Guía del PMBOK® 6ta edición, con el objetivo de contribuir en el desarrollo del conocimiento de temas desatendidos en la dirección de proyectos. En Latinoamérica, solo el 10% de la literatura se enfoca en el aspecto social de las organizaciones, lo que evidencia un latente descuido académico en el campo. El Perú posee un nivel de progreso social aceptable, medio- alto, según el SPI (2018); sin embargo, resulta interesante reconocer una gran deficiencia en el campo de oportunidades sociales. En este sentido, los estándares globales descritos en La Guía del PMBOK® 6ta edición, sirven de referencia para la propuesta de un modelo que, tiene como objetivo principal, profundizar en el desarrollo de indicadores sociales en el ámbito de la dirección de proyectos. De este modo, se deja en evidencia la falta de formalización y estandarización en la dirección de proyectos, desde una óptica social y con un enfoque en la gestión de los interesados. Es así, que los objetivos de la presente investigación son alcanzados mediante el uso de un instrumento de primera mano, cuya tarea fundamental es conocer a los interesados clave en la dirección de proyectos mineros y adaptar los indicadores sociales existentes en la literatura, a su realidad problemática. / The present research work develops the proposal of a project management model of the mining sector in Peru with social indicators adapted to the guidelines of the PMBOK® Guide 6th edition, with the aim of contributing to the development of knowledge of underserved topics in project management. In Latin America, only 10% of the literature focuses on the social aspect of organizations, which shows a latent academic neglect in the field. Peru has an acceptable level of social progress, medium-high, according to the SPI (2018); However, it is interesting to recognize a great deficiency in the field of social opportunities. In this sense, the global standards described in the PMBOK® Guide 6th edition, serve as a reference for the proposal of a model whose main objective is to deepen the development of social indicators in the field of project management. In this way, the lack of formalization and standardization in project management is evidenced, from a social perspective and with a focus on the management of stakeholders. Thus, the objectives of this research are achieved by a first-hand instrument, whose main task is to meet the key stakeholders in the management of mining projects and adapt the existing social indicators in the literature, to their reality. / Trabajo de investigación

acase@tulane.edu / 1 / Melissa Schigoda

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