This thesis explores interactive translation dictation (ITD), a translation technique that involves interaction with multimodal interfaces equipped with voice recognition (VR) technology throughout the entire translation process. Its main objective is to provide a solid theoretical background and an analysis of empirical qualitative and quantitative data that demonstrate ITD’s advantages and challenges, with a view to integrating this technique into the translation profession. Many empirical studies in human-computer interaction have strived to demonstrate the efficiency of voice input versus keyboard input. Although it was implicit in the earliest works that voice input was expected to completely replace—rather than complement—text-input devices, it was soon proposed that VR often performed better in combination with other input modes. This study introduces multimodal interaction to translation, taking advantage of the unparallelled robustness of commercially available voice-and-touch-enabled multimodal interfaces such as touch-screen computers and tablets. To that end, an experiment was carried out with 14 professional English-to-French translators, who performed a translation task either with the physical prototype of an ITD environment, or with a traditional keyboard-and-mouse environment. The hypothesis was that the prototypical environment would consistently provide translators with a better translator experience (TX) than the traditional environment, considering the translation process as a whole. The notion of TX as introduced in this work is defined as a translator’s perceptions of and responses to the use or anticipated use of a product, system or service. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using different methods, such as video and screen recording, input logging and semi-structured interviews. The combined analysis of objective and subjective usability measures suggests a better TX with the experimental environment versus the keyboard-and-mouse workstation, but significant challenges still need to be overcome for ITD to be fully integrated into the profession. Thus, this doctoral study provides a basis for better-grounded research in translator-computer interaction and translator-information interaction and, more specifically, for the design and development of an ITD environment, which is expected to support professional translators’ cognitive functions, performance and well-being. Lastly, this research aims to demonstrate that translation studies research, and translation technology in particular, needs to be more considerate of the translator, the TX, and the changing realities of the interaction between humans, computers and information in the twenty-first century.

Since the improved people’s living standard, luxury buying has increasingly spread in popularity, especially in developing countries. Conspicuous consumption has resulted in this luxury buying among consumers. This mentality leads to consumers to achieve their own goal through luxury goods, such as reflecting their status, showing the uniqueness and so on. In order to buy their favorite luxury goods, consumers try different channels and overseas buying is the main channel for them. Under this situation, China as the second-biggest luxury market, the demand for overseas luxury among Chinese consumer has credit raised. It is therefore important for conducting consumer behavior research to analyze this phenomenon and identify corresponding factors that lead consumers buying luxury abroad. The purpose of the research is to understand the phenomenon of the consumers buying luxury goods overseas and to identify the corresponding factor for the luxury shop or the company which could conduct managerial implication to encourage consumers buying domestically. Since the improved people’s living standard, luxury buying has increasingly spread in popularity, especially in developing countries. Conspicuous consumption has resulted in this luxury buying among consumers. This mentality leads to consumers to achieve their own goal through luxury goods, such as reflecting their status, showing the uniqueness and so on. In order to buy their favorite luxury goods, consumers try different channels and overseas buying is the main channel for them. Under this situation, China as the second-biggest luxury market, the demand for overseas luxury among Chinese consumer has credit raised. It is therefore important for conducting consumer behavior research to analyze this phenomenon and identify corresponding factors that lead consumers buying luxury abroad. The purpose of the research is to understand the phenomenon of the consumers buying luxury goods overseas and to identify the corresponding factor for the luxury shop or the company which could conduct managerial implication to encourage consumers buying domestically.

Взаимодействие государства с населением является процессом закономерным и естественным. Без взаимодействия не будет ни общества, ни государства в их привычном понимании. Одной из форм взаимодействия государства и общества является информационное взаимодействие. Цель – исследование форм информационного взаимодействия органов государственной власти с населением на региональном уровне и разработка рекомендаций по их совершенствованию в Курганской области. Решение поставленных в работе задач осуществлялось на основе применения таких методов исследования, как анализ теоретических и нормативно-правовых документов, анализ статистических данных. Проведено социологическое исследование методом вторичного анализа данных и опроса. При проектировании применены календарное, сетевое, ресурсное планирование. В ходе исследования были рассмотрены теоретические и нормативно-правовые вопросы информационного взаимодействия органов власти с населением; проведен анализ состояния этого взаимодействия в Курганской области, выявлены основные проблемы. Результатом работы стала разработка рекомендаций по совершенствованию форм информационного взаимодействия органов государственной власти с населением на территории Курганской области. / The interaction of the state with the population is a natural process. Without interaction, there will be neither society nor the state in their usual sense. One of the forms of interaction between the state and society is information interaction. The goal is to study the forms of information interaction of the government bodies with the population at the regional level and the making of recommendations for their improvement in the Kurgan region. The solution of the tasks set in the work was carried out on the basis of the application of such research methods as the analysis of theoretical and regulatory documents, the analysis of statistical data. A sociological study was carried out using the method of secondary data analysis and survey. When designing, we used calendar, network, resource planning. In the course of the study, theoretical and regulatory issues of information interaction between authorities and the population were considered; the analysis of the state of this interaction in the Kurgan region is carried out, the main problems are identified. The result of the work was the recommendations made for improving the forms of information interaction between government bodies and the population on the territory of the Kurgan region.

Submitted by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-01-30T14:40:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_ELIANA ROSA DA FONSECA.pdf: 2004362 bytes, checksum: e97d5d0c63056ebe882781d565b6624a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Geisa Drumond (gmdrumond@vm.uff.br) on 2017-01-31T13:36:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_ELIANA ROSA DA FONSECA.pdf: 2004362 bytes, checksum: e97d5d0c63056ebe882781d565b6624a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T13:36:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_ELIANA ROSA DA FONSECA.pdf: 2004362 bytes, checksum: e97d5d0c63056ebe882781d565b6624a (MD5) / Aborda-se o tema da literacia em informação na área de Saúde, estudado no ambiente da biblioteca setorial especializada vinculada ao Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho da UFRJ. Estas duas unidades – biblioteca e hospital – consistiram no campo empírico da pesquisa, cuja descrição abrangeu aspectos históricos que remontam às origens de ambas bem como contemplou a configuração que apresentam nos dias de hoje. Destacam-se como elementos importantes que integram o ambiente da biblioteca, os atores sociais – bibliotecário e usuário – os serviços ali prestados, as fontes de informação mais utilizadas sublinhando-se, por sua especificidade e importância, a revisão sistemática. Os operadores teóricos cujo exame implicou em pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em bases de dados brasileiras e internacionais das áreas das ciências da saúde, ciência da informação e algumas bases multidisciplinares encontram-se assim elencados: literacia em informação, interação, abrangendo, por sua vez necessidades de informação, mediação e serviço de referência. Os métodos adotados foram os da pesquisa documental e a observação participante, cujo emprego exigiu, no primeiro caso, a busca e a utilização de relatórios técnicos, formulários de consulta e outros materiais gerenciais produzidos pela biblioteca. No segundo caso, foram utilizadas as anotações feitas no diário de campo, criado para o registro de fatos observados durante a pesquisa ou lembrados e registrados no referido instrumento. Para demonstrar a complexidade inerente ao processo de obtenção de literacia por parte do usuário, conforme os objetivos da pesquisa, elegeram-se casos ilustrativos de diferentes demandas de informação, tomados como emblemáticos, pois implicam na compreensão e no atendimento dos requisitos inerentes às peculiaridades dos recursos informacionais utilizados para tal. O processo consiste em aprendizagem que é aqui concebida como obtenção de literacia em informação. Esta, uma vez alcançada, propiciará maior autonomia e o desenvolvimento de competências por parte do usuário para ver satisfeitas as suas necessidades de informação. / his study approaches the topic of information literacy in the Health area, specifically at the environment of the sectoral specialized library linked to the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital from UFRJ. These two units – library and hospital – consisted in the empirical research field, whose description included historical aspects dating back to the origins of the configuration of both of them and how they work now a days. The library environment has important elements, such as social actors - librarian and user -, the provided services, the most used sources of information stressing “the systematic review” on its importance and specificity. The theoretical operators whose examination resulted in literature search have undertaken databases of Brazilian and international areas of health sciences, information science and some multidisciplinary databases are listed as well: information literacy, interaction, covering information needs, mediation and referral service. The methods adopted were the documentary research and participant observation, whose employment required in the first case the search and use of technical reports, inquiry forms and other materials produced by the library management. In the second case, the notes taken in the field diary were used, created to record facts observed during the survey or remembered and recorded on this instrument. To demonstrate the complexity inherent in the process of achieving literacy by the user, according to the research objectives, this work elected illustrations of different demands for information. Taken as emblematic cases, they imply in understanding and meeting the requirements inherent to the peculiarities of information resources used. The process consists of learning what is here meant as obtaining information literacy. This, once achieved, will lead to greater autonomy and skills development for the user to see fulfilled their information needs.

Η παρούσα διατριβή πραγματεύεται το πρόβλημα της αποτελεσματικής σχεδίασης ιστοτόπων που υποστηρίζουν την εύχρηστη διαδραστική αναζήτηση. Με τον όρο διαδραστική αναζήτηση περιγράφεται η διερευνητική αλληλεπίδραση ενός χρήστη με έναν ιστότοπο, με στόχο την εύρεση πληροφορίας στο πλαίσιο μίας εργασίας του, χωρίς τη χρήση διαδικτυακών μηχανών αναζήτησης. Η διατριβή εντάσσεται στην περιοχή της ευχρηστίας του Διαδικτύου και γενικότερα της μελέτης αλληλεπίδρασης ανθρώπου-υπολογιστή και ειδικότερα αλληλεπίδρασης χρηστών με πληροφορία. Ένας ιστότοπος είναι συχνά, όχι μόνο μια εφαρμογή με την οποία αλληλεπιδρά ο χρήστης αλλά και ένας πληροφοριακός χώρος, του οποίου η κατάλληλη δόμηση και διασύνδεση του περιεχομένου επηρεάζουν σε μεγάλο βαθμό την ευχρηστία του. Συνεπώς, η ανάπτυξη μεθοδολογιών για τον επιτυχή σχεδιασμό της πληροφοριακής αρχιτεκτονικής (information architecture) ενός ιστοτόπου παραμένει μία σημαντική σχεδιαστική πρόκληση. Η διατριβή προτείνει μία νέα μεθοδολογία σχεδιασμού και αξιολόγησης της πληροφοριακής αρχιτεκτονικής ιστοτόπων, τη MEDIAMIS (Methodology for the Efficient Design of Information Architectures based on Models of Interactive Search). Η συνεισφορά της έγκειται στο γεγονός ότι βελτιστοποιεί και συστηματοποιεί τη διαδικασία σχεδιασμού ή αξιολόγησης. Η MEDIAMIS είναι εμπνευσμένη από εδραιωμένες χρηστοκεντρικές τεχνικές και πρόσφατα μοντέλα της συμπεριφοράς των ανθρώπων κατά τη διαδραστική αναζήτηση. Η μεθοδολογία απευθύνεται σε μηχανικούς του Διαδικτύου και αποσκοπεί στη δημιουργία ιστοτόπων που υποστηρίζουν την εύχρηστη διαδραστική αναζήτηση από τους χρήστες τους. Προκειμένου να υποστηριχθεί η MEDIAMIS αναπτύχθηκαν δύο πρωτότυπα εργαλεία, το AutoCardSorter (Automated Card Sorting Tool) και το ISEtool (InfoScent Evaluator Tool). Το πρώτο υποστηρίζει τη διαδικασία δόμησης του περιεχομένου ενός ιστοτόπου, ενώ το δεύτερο τη δημιουργία σημασιολογικά κατάλληλων λεκτικών περιγραφών για τους υπερσυνδέσμους ενός ιστοτόπου. Τέλος, στο πλαίσιο της διατριβής, εξετάζεται η εγκυρότητα και αποδοτικότητα της MEDIAMIS και των υποστηρικτικών εργαλείων, μέσα από έξι πειραματικές μελέτες. Στις μελέτες αυτές συγκρίθηκαν εκτενώς τα αποτελέσματα της προτεινόμενης προσέγγισης με αυτά καθιερωμένων χρηστοκεντρικών τεχνικών και μετρικών της παρατηρούμενης συμπεριφοράς των χρηστών. Τα συμπεράσματα των μελετών έδειξαν ότι η MEDIAMIS παράγει αποτελέσματα εφάμιλλης ποιότητας με εδραιωμένες χρηστοκεντρικές τεχνικές, αλλά με σημαντικά αποδοτικότερο τρόπο. / This thesis addresses the problem of effective design of websites that enhance findability of information during interactive search. The term interactive search is used to describe the exploratory, goal−directed browsing activity of a user, while seeking information in a website. Seeking information using a search engine is not an object of study in this thesis. The thesis falls into the field of human computer interaction, and the subfields of Web usability and human information interaction. A website should be treated both as a user interface as well as a hypertext information space, whose structural design has a significant influence on intuitive access to content, task completion and overall user experience. In today’s information explosion, one of the biggest challenges in web design is the effective design of its information architecture. The latter constitutes the research objective of this thesis. The thesis proposes a new methodology to design and evaluate the information architecture of websites, the MEDIAMIS (Methodology for the Efficient Design of Information Architectures based on Models of Interactive Search). The contribution of the proposed approach is that is optimizes and systemizes the information architecture design or evaluation process. MEDIAMIS is inspired by established user-centered techniques and recent cognitive models of user’s interactive search behavior. MEDIAMIS is addressed to Web practitioners and deals with the design or evaluation of a website’s information structure and labeling system. In the context of the proposed methodology, two innovative tools have been developed. The first tool, AutoCardSorter (Automated Card Sorting Tool), supports the structural design of a website. The second tool, ISEtool (InfoScent Evaluator Tool), facilitates the production of semantically appropriate hyperlink labels for the typical goals of a website. The applicability of the proposed methodology and the effectiveness and efficiency of the associated tools were examined through six experimental studies. These studies compared both quantitavely and qualitatively the results of the proposed methodology against the ones derived from established user-centered design approaches, such as card sorting, and against observed and subjective user data. It was found that the proposed methodology lead to a substantial efficiency gain, without expense in the quality of results.