This research started with a realization that two organizations in Saudi Arabia were spending large amounts of money, millions of dollars in fact, in acquiring separate sets of geospatial data that had identical basemap components. Both the organizations would be using the data for similar engineering purposes, yet both would be independently outsourcing the data gathering. In all probability, resources are being wasted through two organizations each developing and operating stand-alone geographic information systems and then populating the databases with geospatial data obtained separately. Surely with some cooperation, a shared database could be established, with a diffusion of economic benefits to both organizations. Preliminary discussions with representatives from both the organizations revealed high levels of enthusiasm for the principle of sharing geospatial data, but the discussions also revealed even higher levels of scepticism that such a scheme could be implemented. This dichotomy of views prompted an investigation into the issues, benefits and the barriers involved in data sharing, the relative weight of these issues, and a quest for a workable model. Sharing geospatial data between levels of government, between governmental and private institutions, and within institutions themselves has been attempted on large and small scales in a variety of countries, with varying degrees of accomplishment. Lessons can be learned from these attempts at data sharing, confirming that success is not purely a function of financial and technical benefits, but is also influenced by institutional and cultural aspects. This research is aimed at defining why there is little geospatial data sharing between authorities in Saudi Arabia, and then presenting a workable model as a pilot arrangement. This should take into account issues raised in reference material; issues evidenced through experience in the implementation of systems that were configured as independent structures; issues of culture; and issues apparent in a range of existing data sharing arrangements. The doubts expressed by engineering managers towards using a geospatial database that is shared between institutions in Saudi Arabia have been borne out by the complexity of interrelationships which this research has revealed. Nevertheless, by concentrating on a two party entry level, a model has been presented which shows promise for the implementation of such a scheme. The model was derived empirically and checked against a case study of various other similar ventures, with a consideration of their applicability in the environment of Saudi Arabia. This model follows closely the generic structure of the Singapore Land Hub. The scalability of the model should allow it to be extended to other, multi-lateral data sharing arrangements. An alternative solution could be developed based on a Spatial Data Infrastructure model and this is suggested for ongoing investigation. Major unresolved questions relate to cultural issues, whose depth and intricacy have the potential to influence the realization of successful geospatial data sharing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

This study was conducted to investigate and model the high traffic collision frequencies in the City of Edmonton, Canada. Consistent collision spikes were observed on Fridays compared to the other days of the week. The first Negative Binomial model was formulated to establish a relation between the collision frequency and the independent variables. The second Multinomial logistic regression model was formulated to examine the probability of age categories and gender involved in collision for each day of week considering collision has happened. The proposed collision prediction models were found good. They could provide a realistic estimate of expected collision frequency and properties of collision for a particular day as a function of number of hours of daylight, number of hours of snowfall, visibility, age and gender. It is hoped that predicted collision frequency will help the decision maker to quantify traffic safety of Edmonton and improve the scenario. / Transportation Engineering

Mobile Geographical Information Systems are becoming a more and more important tool for presenting geographical data. They are used to support decision making processes, present an overview of distributed information or are in a form of location based services. The problem lies in the fact that mobile devices have limited resources and should still be able to present massive amounts of content. Ideally, the user and the conditions in which the program runs are well defined, but this is usually not the case. This thesis provides a sample prototype implementation of a mobile GIS developed as an alternative to an existing web-based user interface (UI). It focuses on specific conditions present on mobile devices, ways of presenting the data and possibilities of reusing existing elements from the web UI that could be suitable for the mobile environment.

In today's business Information technology (IT) and Information plays a key role. Due todevelopment and influence of Information Technology, using systems, IT services andnetworks cannot be avoided in the business and they all need to be protected and secured.In order to ensure such a higher sort of security and protection, the Information securitysystem (ISS) have been used. Still the businesses today are enveloped with higher risks andupshots which are also being narrower and keeping changed consistently. At suchcircumstance the solution providing method should be very unique and narrower to each andevery slot of business, for a competitive and higher security. Thus such compact solutionsbeen given by Business Continuity Planning (BCP) method. Business Continuity Plan, a chiefidea engendered from the stream of information security.This research involves with a case study in regard to the Railway sector in making a BusinessContinuity Planning (BCP) on Network security, System Security and Physical Security of it.Thus the way of presentation been more systematically followed up in order to make thereader to understand the results more easily.Following in the Chapter 1 and Chapter 2, the Introduction and background studies which areneeded to be known to draw a BCP plan on Network, System and Physical Securities. Chapter3 Result section, will gives the recommendation that need to be followed for drawing aNetwork, System and Physical Securities in a railway network. / Done in Southern Indian Railways, India.

Although information systems have had a great impact on environmental information, they can still influence how the environment is protected through the use of new technology. In this study, it was revealed that while the majority of people, including citizens, environmental experts and related civil servants are active and collaborate in this domain, they are still concerned about it. While information is found to be a key player, it is necessary to find a system that can lead it from the source to the proper destination. Consequently this study investigates how environmental information can be shared and more easily accessed. Different actors in the system create the opportunity to have more holistic view of the problem at hand. Soft systems methodology inspires me to draw requirements of different groups of actors, represent diverse conceptual models of their desired system and eventually examine a proposed information system. The study characterises a framework for employing Web 2.0 technology to facilitate the collaboration and coordination of environmental information with the goal of protecting the environment.

Problem Deciding where to spend the information system investment budget with respect to strategic priorities is important for companies, but it is far from every company that does it. There is no consesus in the literature on how information system investment decisions should be assessed. This case study is conducted on Alpha AB. The company consists of several departments that each require different kind of information to support, improve and facilitate their area of operation. They are in the process of deciding where to spend their investment budgets. Purpose The Purpose of this thesis is to identify the processes that will be improved by a new information system and display how it affects the overall goal of Alpha AB, using the strategy map and the balanced scorecard. This will enable decision makers to make better decisions regarding information system investments. Theoretical Framework In order to fulfill the purpose have a review of how information systems improve companies been done, furthermore have investment issues been discussed. In order to display the effects of the intended investment will the strategy map be used, the balanced scorecard will be introduced for performance measurement. Empirical Findings The empirical findings are collected from four high level employees at Alpha AB. Through unstructured and semi-structured interviews have information about the company, its goals, customers, the internal processes and their hopes for the new information system been collected. Analysis The empirical findings have been compiled on the strategy map with the intension to show the causal relationship that the intended investment will have on the company. In order to quantify the targets on which the investment is supposed to cause its effects, have the empirical findings also been compiled on to a balanced scorecard Conclusion The strategy map and the balanced scorecard display the intended effects that the investment causes. The decision makers at Alpha AB can with a holistic view follow the causal relationship from the expectations of the investment and see  which of them will be a priority to invest in.

Numerous studies project that climate change will accelerate the rise in global sea levels, leading to increased coastal inundation, greater potential damage from storm surge events, beach erosion and other coastal impacts which threaten vital infrastructure and facilities that currently support the economies of island nations. There is a broad consensus amongst experts that small island developing states (SIDS) face the greatest risk to the projected impacts of climate change. Unfortunately, few sea level rise (SLR) impact assessment studies have been conducted in SIDS due to the limitations of the geospatial data with regard to currency, accuracy, relevance and completeness. This research improves upon previous SLR impact assessment research by utilizing advanced global digital elevation models to create coastal inundation scenarios in one metre increments for 19 Caribbean Community (CARICOM) nations and member states, and then examine the implications for seven key impact indicators (land area, population, economic activity, urban areas, tourism resorts, transportation infrastructure and beach erosion). The results indicate that a one metre SLR would have serious consequences for CARICOM nations. For example under this scenario over 10% of the 73 identified study area airports and 30% of the 266 major tourism resorts were identified as prone to flooding. Projected effects were not found to be uniform across the region; low-lying island nations and mainland countries with coastal plains below ten metres were identified as the most vulnerable countries. Recommendations for adaptive actions and policies are provided.

Tunas are the ocean highly migratory species, Taiwan is the top countries of the tropical tunas fishery in the Indian Ocean, and the tropical tunas are the main target species of our country in Indian Ocean. There were no systematic arrangement of large-scale tuna longline fishery in the past. While assessing the resource assessment, there are only few information included and discussed .The Purpose of this research based on the large-scale fishing vessels¡¦ logbooks, and analyzed the catch, CPUE and fishing effort of tropical tuna longline vessels with geographical information system. Discuss the dynamic patterns of tropical tuna vessels, and try to research the factors influencing the vessels activities. The research focus on the whole Indian Ocean, and utilizes the geographical information system to analyze and research CPUE from 1970 to 2007(38 years) with annual tropical tuna catch. Then, select the steady times of the fishery activities from 1999 to 2003 and carry on the analysis of catch data. Second, choose the first 20 fishing vessels of annual Yellow-fin tunas and Big-eye tunas with largest catch in this period, regard these as the representative researching vessels. According to the navigation route of each vessel, the results of the analysis are derived: 4 patterns of Yellow-fin tuna, 3 patterns of Big-eye tuna. On the whole, there are 5 routes of Taiwan fishing boat of tuna longline fishing vessels in the Indian Ocean: 1. The fishing vessels go back to the equator across Arabian Sea from the equator. 2. The fishing vessels go back to the equator across southern Indian Ocean from Arabian Sea. 3. The fishing vessels go back to the equator across the Bay of Bengal from the equator. 4. The fishing vessels go back to the equator across the southern Indian Ocean from the equator and stay near the equator during the whole year. Finally, conclude that tuna longline fishery of Taiwan target tropical tunas in the Indian Ocean are dominated by factors such as international fish price, climate, walrus and the relationship with fishery cooperative countries, etc.. These factors lead to the 5 kinds of vessel dynamic ways in the Indian Ocean.

Ever since the appearance of internet bubbling in 2000, the development of e-commerce entered a substantial commercialization age. No matter in provision of information service or e-shopping of products, they all take profit-making as the sole objective. In Taiwan the supply chain of 3C products is complete, and the industry itself is a highly competitive industry. Therefore, the e-commercial e-shopping market has been developing prosperously again in recent years, and the market overlapping is even getting greater. When a 3C chain retailer is going to establish an e-shopping website, what are the things it has to pay attention to? Do its customers overlap with the original group of customers? How is the product marketing way of its e-shopping website different from that of its physical stores? These are something that the 3C chain retailer should clarify beforehand. Using qualitative analytic interview method, the study takes an enterprise of 3C retail business as a case platform, and refers to the viewpoints and comments of the experts in other related fellow industries and supply chain firms in order to know the keys and factors for the success in adding e-commercial e-shopping platform to the enterprise, and furthermore, understand the actual effects and changes brought to the enterprise after e-shopping is added to the enterprise. The study finds that after the 3C chain retailer has established its e-commercial e-shopping platform, there is no conflict between the two groups of customers with different shopping behaviors. Besides, the fame of brand in the physical stores and the virtual shopping website can be mutually increased. Actually, the keys and factors for the success in adding e-commercial e-shopping to an enterprise include the mutual cooperation between the decision maker and the person implementing the decision. In fact, the marketing of e-shopping platform and the management mechanism of backstage customer service are of the same importance. The healthy financial structure of the enterprise has stabilizing function in operation of shopping website in the early stage. The brands of chain channels enjoy certain advantages, which can be used to promote e-shopping and achieve good sale; and in turn, the brands can achieve higher popularity. Above all, the most important key to the success is that consumers not only find that the prices of products are cheap, but also value the excellent service offered. The marketing practice of 3C chain e-business is not different from that of general enterprises. It still has to regress to the practice of the core 4P of marketing and STP (segmentation, targeting, positioning) target customers. According to the needs of consumers on different platforms, convenience in operation interface should be provided. The main characteristic of 3C products is the fast change in product specifications, inventory, price and delivery timing. Therefore, integration of the e-systems of an enterprise is extremely important to the establishment of its e-shopping platform. Of them, the core systems are B2B system, ¡§product information exchange of supply chain¡¨ and B2C system, ¡§consumers interface platform.¡¨ Therefore, fast adjustment to the change of market price and improvement of service quality are the main keys to enhancement of the competitiveness of an enterprise¡¦s e-shopping website. With the advantages of chain store brand combined with the growth of virtual e-shopping platform, the enterprise can subsequently use the platform to expand the marketing of other products and cross over different domains. To the 3C retailer, it can at the same time run the business of its stores and its e-shopping website. Furthermore, it can expand its product line, make the full use of the double-platform mechanism, and increase the operation performance of the enterprise.

In order to response to the demands resulted from environmental changes, hospital launches various information system development projects. Different from most information system development projects in the past, which are leaded by developers, the leaders of those projects are physicians or administrators. Unfortunately, the observed project failure rates are high. Since those projects are highly related to the operational performance of hospital, there is a needed to investigate into this issue in depth. Among those factors contribute to high failure rates, one very important cause is that many project leaders are lacking of adequate capabilities. This study adopted case study approach. After interview the leaders, members, and developers of three projects, critical capabilities that project leader should possess are identified. I concluded that those non-IT background project leaders should possess at least five basic capabilities, including knowledge, project management ability, interpersonal skills, ability to distribute resources, and flexible capacity. I also identified their priority based on project characteristics. The results can serve as reference for project leader selection in hospital and basis for future studies in this area.