Aligner des macromolécules telles que des protéines, des ADN et des ARN afin de révéler ou exploiter, leur homologie fonctionnelle est un défi classique en bioinformatique, qui offre de nombreuses applications, notamment dans la modélisation de structures et l'annotation des génomes. Un certain nombre d'algorithmes et d'outils ont été proposés pour le problème d'alignement structure-séquence d'ARN. Cependant, en ce qui concerne les ARN complexes, comportant des pseudo-noeuds, des interactions multiples et des paires de bases non canoniques, de tels outils sont rarement utilisés dans la pratique, en partie à cause de leurs grandes exigences de calcul, et de leur incapacité à supporter des types généraux de structures. Récemment, Rinaudo et al. ont donné un algorithme paramétré général pour la comparaison structure-séquence d'ARN, qui est capable de prendre en entrée n'importe quel type de structures comportant des pseudo-noeuds. L'algorithme paramétré est un algorithme de programmation dynamique basée sur la décomposition arborescente. Nous avons développé plusieurs variantes et extensions de cet algorithme. Afin de l'accélérer sans perte sensible de précision, nous avons introduit une approche de programmation dynamique par bandes. De plus, trois algorithmes ont été développés pour obtenir des alignements sous-optimaux. De plus, nous introduisons dans ce contexte la notion de MEA (Maximum-expected Structure-Alignment) pour calculer un alignement avec la précision maximale attendue sur un ensemble d'alignements. Tous ces algorithmes ont été implémentés dans un logiciel nommé LiCoRNA (aLignment of Complex RNAs). Les performances de LiCoRNA ont été évaluées d'abord sur l'alignement des graines des familles de de la base de données RFAM qui comportent des pseudo-noeuds. Comparé aux autres algorithmes de l'état de l'art, LiCoRNA obtient généralement des résultats équivalents ou meilleurs que ses concurrents. Grâce à la grande précision démontrée par LiCoRNA, nous montrons que cet outil peut être utilisé pour améliorer les alignements de certaines familles de RFAM qui comportent des pseudo-noeuds. / Aligning macromolecules such as proteins, DNAs and RNAs in order to reveal, or conversely exploit, their functional homology is a classic challenge in bioinformatics, with far-reaching applications in structure modelling and genome annotation. In the specific context of complex RNAs, featuring pseudoknots, multiple interactions and non-canonical base pairs, multiple algorithmic solutions and tools have been proposed for the structure sequence alignment problem. However, such tools are seldom used in practice, due in part to their extreme computational demands, and because of their inability to support general types of structures. Recently, Rinaudo et al. gave a fully general parameterised algorithm for structure-sequence comparison, which is able to take as input any type of pseudoknotted structures. The parameterised algorithm is a tree decomposition based dynamic programming. To accelerate the dynamic programming algorithm without losing two much accuracy, we introduced a banded dynamic programming. Then three algorithms are introduced to get the suboptimal structure-sequence alignments. Furthermore, we introduce the notation Maximum Expected structure-sequence Alignment (MEA) to compute an alignment with maximum expected accuracy over a set of alignments. The Boltzmann match probability are computed based on the inside-outside algorithm. The algorithms are implemented in a software named LiCoRNA (aLignment of Complex RNAs). We first evaluate the performance of LiCoRNA on the seed alignment in the pseudoknotted RFAM families. Compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms, LiCoRNA shows generally equivalent or better results than its competitors. With the high accuracy showed by LiCoRNA, we further curate RFAM full pseudoknotted alignment. The reason why we realign full alignments is that covariance model does not support pseudoknot which may lead to misalign when building the full alignment.

The Master's thesis characterizes, analyzes and assesses the current situation of the travel agency Cílka, Ltd. The thesis nalysis current position of the company, it deals with inside and outside environment that influences business activities. By the inside and outside analysis of environment there are formulated Opportunities and Threats and below Strengths and Weaknesses. On the basis of findings, the work includes complex solution strategy, development and improvement company position, which should had help establish firm and fix her position on market.

Senior cohousing is situated in the Moravian-Silesian Region in city Orlová and it is designed as complex. It is a new form of living for seniors in the Czech Republic. The loose translation could be „close neighbourly living for senior people. “ Access road to the complex is from Tešínská Street and then down the main road from the southeast on the car park. Near the car park there are three main buildings. Building A is the main common building for seniors’ meetings. Building B has a private doctor and a small gym. Building C is designed as technical premises. There are four types of family houses for seniors. Family house type 1 - in the complex 3x is suitable for two seniors. Family house type 2 - in the complex 2x is suitable for two seniors with moving difficulties. Family house type 3 - in the complex 3x is designed as semi-detached house for two senior couples. Family houses accommodate 30 seniors in 15 housing units. All the objects are brick, single-storey without cellar built up from HELUZ system with footings from plain concrete with foundation slab, flat roofs, contact insulation of perimeter walls, partly wood tiling. What is more, in senior cohousing there are senior playground, orchard park, lake, road inside the complex, pavements and paths.

Inom byggbranschen har man börjat sett fördelar med att titta mer på logistiken iolika byggprojekt. Många olika studier har utförts kring vilka lösningar som finnsoch hur man kan använda dem.Denna studie utförs i samarbete med Skanska Sverige AB. Studien syftar till att påolika sätt undersöka vilka fördelar och nackdelar man kan se med att använda sigav logistiktjänsterna terminalisering och inbärning till ett byggprojekt i Dalarna.Byggprojektet som utgör det specifika fallet i studien är ett ombyggnadsprojekt aven grundskola. Elever vistas i detta skolområde samtidigt som ombyggnationenutförs etappvis inom det stängda arbetsområdet. Studien innefattar även tredje mandär trygghetsupplevelse kring arbetsplatsen undersöks. Inbärningens användbarhetdiskuteras därefter utifrån trygghetsupplevelsen kring och inom arbetsplatsen samtutifrån ekonomiskt och ekologiskt perspektiv.Metoder som används i studien är intervjuer med somliga från projektets ledning,en logistiker på Skanska, rektor för årskurs F-6, yrkesarbetare samt tredje man.Utöver dessa intervjuer utförs även en fältstudie som involverar observationer ochmätningar. Som avslut utförs överslagsberäkningar för att se om användning av ettexternt företag kan leda till ekonomisk lönsamhet.Studiens resultat visar hur man inom företaget ser på logistiklösningarnaterminalisering och inbärning idag. Här visas även vilka fördelar och nackdelarolika parter ser med tjänsterna. Fältstudiens mätningar visar hur många av tredjeman som rör sig kring arbetsområdet i anslutning till att skoldagen börjar.Överslagsberäkningar visar på att man kan se en besparing ifall man använder sigav ett inbärningsföretag som arbetar under kvällstid och detta sker i samband medatt man använder sig av terminalisering.Studiens slutsatser är att det inte finns en allmän lösning till hur logistikfrågan skalösas på olika projekt. Om det finns möjlighet för terminalisering i området ärdetta samt inbärning ett alternativ för projektet. / Within the construction industry the advantages of looking at the logistics todifferent projects has been acknowledged during the past couple of years.This study has been written in collaboration with Skanska Sverige AB. Thepurpose of the study is to, in different ways, examine what advantages anddisadvantages there are in using the logistics solutions terminalization (also knownto be a part of Third Party Logistics) and inside delivery to a specific project inDalarna, Sweden. This project is a remodeling project of a school with studentsfrom six to sixteen years old. Within the school area new parts of the school isbuilt while students are located in the yet existent buildings. This infer thatstudents move around the construction sites daily. The study also involves thirdparty people and how these people feel about the large transports connected to theproject. The inside delivery utility is then discussed based on the securityexperience within and around the construction site along with the economic andecological perspective of the service.The methods used in this study are interviews with three people of the projectmanagement, one person that works with logistics at the company, the headmasterof the younger students, skilled workers and third party people. Furthermore afield study is done that includes measurements and observations. As a close,calculations are done to determine if a economical profitability could be possibleby using inside delivery.Results from the study show how the logistics solutions terminalization and insidedelivery is looked at within Skanska today. Here, the advantages anddisadvantages with the different services are displayed from the perspectives of thepeople who were interviewed. The results from the measurements from the fieldstudy presents how many third party people that move adjacent to the two activeconstruction sites when the school day begins. The calculations show that it iseconomically beneficial to use inside delivery after the end of the workday whileused with terminalization.Conclusions of the study indicate that there are no overall solutions regarding howthe logistics must be used in different projects. If there is a possibility to use terminalization in the area where the project is situated, this, along with insidedelivery, is a good alternative for the project.

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This research study aims to enhance the effectiveness of the architectural design process regarding the exploration and framing of the best visual connections to the outside environment within built environments. Specifically, it aims to develop a framework for developing and integrating an inside-out design approach augmented and informed by digital 3D geospatial data as a way to enhance the explorative ability and decision-making process for designers regarding the visual connection to the outside environment. To do so, the strategy of logical argumentation is used to analyze and study the phenomenon of making visual connections to a surrounding context. The initial recommendation of this stage is to integrate an inside-out design approach that operates within the digital immersion within 3D digital representations of the surrounding context. This strategy will help to identify the basic logical steps of the proposed inside-out design process. Then, the method of immersive case study is used to test and further develop a proposed process by designing a specific building, specifically, an Art Museum building on the campus of Virginia Tech. Finally, the Delphi method is used in order to evaluate the necessity and importance of the proposed approach to the design process and its ability to achieve this goal. A multi-round survey was distributed to measure the consensus among a number of experts regarding the proposed design approach and its developed design tool. Overall, findings refer to a total agreement among the participating experts regarding the proposed design approach with some different concerns regarding the proposed design tool. / Doctor of Philosophy / Achieving a well-designed visual connection to one's surroundings is considered by many philosophers and theorists to be an essential aspect of our spatial experience within built environments. The goal of this research is to help designers to achieve better visual connections to the outside environment and therefore create more meaningful spatial experiences within the built environment. This research aims to enhance the ability of designers to explore the best possible views and make the right design decisions to frame these views of the outdoors from the inside of their buildings. Of course, the physical presence of designers at a building site has been the traditional method of determining the best views; however, this is not always possible during the design process for many reasons. Thus, this research aims to find a more effective alternative to visiting a building site in order to inform each design decision regarding the quality of its visual connection to the outdoors. To do so, this research developed a proposed inside-out design approach to be integrated into the design process. Specifically, it outlines a process that allows the designers to be digitally immersed within an accurate 3D representation of the surrounding context, which will help designers to explore views from multiple angles both inside the space and in response make the most suitable design decision. For further developing the proposed process, it was used during conducting this research to design an Art Museum on Virginia Tech Campus.

A segunda onda do Movimento Feminista no Brasil emergiu em um contexto de combate à Ditadura. E surgiu em São Paulo como possibilidade de reforçar mais uma frente de luta contra o governo militar. Mas o feminismo ainda era uma novidade pouco conhecida até por aquelas que se declaravam como feministas. Era rechaçado pelos segmentos mais conservadores da sociedade, mas também pelos militantes da Esquerda revolucionária. Estes o consideravam fora de tempo e lugar. Ao impulsionar o movimento social, o feminismo no Brasil reapareceu em meados da década de 70 enfrentando a questão do poder externamente, na sociedade e no Estado, e internamente, no próprio Movimento de Mulheres. Os vários grupos que compunham o campo em que se afirmava o feminismo disputavam o controle do Movimento de acordo com os referenciais tradicionais de poder. E, ao mesmo tempo, buscavam alternativas de gestão do movimento que fugissem daqueles modelos. Ora porque assim as circunstâncias impunham, ora porque assumiam as críticas elaboradas pelo feminismo à natureza patriarcal e autoritária do poder tradicional. As contradições que o Movimento de Mulheres abrigou punham em jogo as posições de todas as suas ativistas, inclusive das próprias feministas. Fazia com que reexaminassem os seus papéis sociais e constatassem as suas condições de oprimidas. Construir as identidades feministas significava romper com os cânones estabelecidos para o ser mulher que haviam aprendido. Assim como implicava assumir-se como sujeito de suas lutas. / The second wave of the Feminist Movement in Brazil emerged in the context of fighting the Dictatorship. And it arose in São Paulo as a possibility to further enhance a battle front against the military government. Yet feminism was still a little known novelty even by those who declared themselves as feminists. It was rejected by the more conservative segments of the society, and also by supporters of the revolutionary Left, who regarded feminism as out of place and time. By propelling the social movement, feminism reemerged in Brazil in the midseventies facing the issue of power both externally, regarding the society and the state, and internally, inside the Women\'s Movement. The various groups comprising the field where feminism was grounded vied for control of the Movement in accordance with traditional references of power. At the same time, those groups sought alternatives to manage the movement, thus trying to escape from those conventional models. And this was because either the circumstances imposed, or because the groups adopted the Feminisms critique regarding the authoritarian and patriarchal nature of traditional power. The contradictions harbored by the Women\'s Movement put at stake the position of all its activists, including the feminists themselves. They were led to re-examine their social roles and to face their condition of oppressed beings. Building feminist identities meant breaking with the established canons that they have learned regarding what is to be a woman. The construction of the feminist identity also meant to become the subject of their own struggles.

A segunda onda do Movimento Feminista no Brasil emergiu em um contexto de combate à Ditadura. E surgiu em São Paulo como possibilidade de reforçar mais uma frente de luta contra o governo militar. Mas o feminismo ainda era uma novidade pouco conhecida até por aquelas que se declaravam como feministas. Era rechaçado pelos segmentos mais conservadores da sociedade, mas também pelos militantes da Esquerda revolucionária. Estes o consideravam fora de tempo e lugar. Ao impulsionar o movimento social, o feminismo no Brasil reapareceu em meados da década de 70 enfrentando a questão do poder externamente, na sociedade e no Estado, e internamente, no próprio Movimento de Mulheres. Os vários grupos que compunham o campo em que se afirmava o feminismo disputavam o controle do Movimento de acordo com os referenciais tradicionais de poder. E, ao mesmo tempo, buscavam alternativas de gestão do movimento que fugissem daqueles modelos. Ora porque assim as circunstâncias impunham, ora porque assumiam as críticas elaboradas pelo feminismo à natureza patriarcal e autoritária do poder tradicional. As contradições que o Movimento de Mulheres abrigou punham em jogo as posições de todas as suas ativistas, inclusive das próprias feministas. Fazia com que reexaminassem os seus papéis sociais e constatassem as suas condições de oprimidas. Construir as identidades feministas significava romper com os cânones estabelecidos para o ser mulher que haviam aprendido. Assim como implicava assumir-se como sujeito de suas lutas. / The second wave of the Feminist Movement in Brazil emerged in the context of fighting the Dictatorship. And it arose in São Paulo as a possibility to further enhance a battle front against the military government. Yet feminism was still a little known novelty even by those who declared themselves as feminists. It was rejected by the more conservative segments of the society, and also by supporters of the revolutionary Left, who regarded feminism as out of place and time. By propelling the social movement, feminism reemerged in Brazil in the midseventies facing the issue of power both externally, regarding the society and the state, and internally, inside the Women\'s Movement. The various groups comprising the field where feminism was grounded vied for control of the Movement in accordance with traditional references of power. At the same time, those groups sought alternatives to manage the movement, thus trying to escape from those conventional models. And this was because either the circumstances imposed, or because the groups adopted the Feminisms critique regarding the authoritarian and patriarchal nature of traditional power. The contradictions harbored by the Women\'s Movement put at stake the position of all its activists, including the feminists themselves. They were led to re-examine their social roles and to face their condition of oppressed beings. Building feminist identities meant breaking with the established canons that they have learned regarding what is to be a woman. The construction of the feminist identity also meant to become the subject of their own struggles.

This master thesis describes a detached house, requirements for the detached house, price, technical-economic index and card of cost indicator. The author performed an analysis of selected houses and itemized budgets of selected houses. Different shapes, technologies and solutions of materials are included in the analysis. The author, from the analysis, inferred the behavior of technical-economic index (TEI) of detached houses. The author described behavior in the particular and sub models. The author suggested methodology of calculation of the price data, the spatial data and the structure of price TEICF2 (technical-economic index, complex formula, version 2) of planned detached house. The author founded his methodology on particular and sub models. The principle of methodology TEICF2 consists in the analogy of the planned detached house with the model with same parameters. The author implemented TEICF2 into application dyCBI. Application dyCBI is working on Microsoft Excel.