Abstract The eighteenth century is doubtlessly an astonishing chapter in human history. Following America¡¦s independence that brought the first new democratic country to the world, the French Revolution further aroused tremendous political effects all over Europe, shocked the foundation of feudalism, and announced the advent of democratic era. Confronted with all these historical impacts, Tocqueville has achieved profound understanding and retrospection on the inevitable prevalence of democracy. The concept of liberty plays a very important role in Tocqueville¡¦s theory. As the wave of democracy crashed outmoded institution of feudalism, it also caused people to grow assimilated, or even philistine. In light of this, Tocqueville proposed that, in order to preclude domination and slavery, people should more actively grasp their liberty and develop the habitude and spirit of participating public affairs. Therefore, township and jury system in American tradition, as well as individual activities of organizing secondary civil groups through gilds, are highly regarded by Tocqueville with democratic connotation. From this viewpoint, Tocqueville¡¦s great expectation on liberty is essentially different from ¡§human¡¦s liberty from interference¡¨ of contractarian liberalism but is in harmony with the conventional idea of people¡¦s ¡§agency¡¨ in republicanism. This connotation of liberty, however, doesn¡¦t imply clashes without limit but suggests reasonable and restrained political participation within the schema of stable political institution. Thus, the concept echoes the conventional appreciation upon institution in roman republicanism. The researcher regards the integration of the aforementioned two aspects as ¡§liberty of institutional republicanism¡¨. This research intends to embody the republicanism value in Tocqueville¡¦s theory with an expectation to broaden the definition of his thought.

This research was to explore the¡§Correlation among participating motivation, job satisfaction and sustained willingness to serve of volunteers of cultural institution.¡¨Kaohsiung Public Library is presented as a case study in this research. The questionnaire is the main method. Meanwhile, interviews with volunteers are also offered for providing more evidence and new thinking toward this issue. There are four objectives to serve as guidelines for this research. ¡]1¡^To understand the status quo of the backgrounds of volunteers of cultural institutions and their participating motivation, job satisfaction and sustained willingness to serve. ¡]2¡^To explore the differences of participating motivation, job satisfaction and sustained willingness to serve of volunteers of different background. ¡]3¡^To explore the correlation among participating motivation, job satisfaction and sustained willingness to serve.¡]4¡^To predict the influence of participating motivation and job satisfaction on the sustained willingness to serve. The questionnaires were distributed to 235 volunteers, including 172 current and 51 quitted, in 10 branch libraries of Kaohsiung Public Library. There were 223 valid questionnaires . Usable rate was about 95¢M. After analyzed, the results of this research are as follows¡G ¡]1¡^The background of each volunteers of Kaohsiung Public Library shows a great amount of similarities with one another. ¡]2¡^As for the overall participation motivation, the highest one is self-growth. Different age, whether they have religious beliefs would make obvious difference on the participating motivation. ¡]3¡^As for the overall job satisfaction, the highest one is self-growth. Different age, occupations , whether they have religious beliefs and status would make obvious difference on the job satisfaction. ¡]4¡^Volunteers in Kaohsiung Public Library have strong willingness to continue to serve in the future. Different age, occupations and whether they have religious beliefs would make obvious difference on sustained willingness to Serve. ¡]5¡^The study results show significant positive correlation between a volunteer¡¦s participation motivation and job satisfaction, participating motivation and sustained willingness to serve, and job satisfaction and sustained willingness to serve. ¡]6¡^¡§self-growth satisfaction¡¨can predict the level of sustained willingness to serve. In compliance with the above-mentioned results, the researcher provides authorities, institutions, and future researchers with constructive suggestions.

The securitization regulations of the real estate were announced and implemented on July 23, 2003. These improve the mobility of real estate in Taiwan. There are two kinds of forms, the investment trust of real estate (REITs) and real estate assets trust (REATs). U.S.A is the. most developed country for REITs, and the experience in Japan can give us some important reference. This research hopes with discussion and analysis of some cases of our country and then consults the real estate securitization systems of U.S.A., Japan, Hong Kong, etc.; one can put forward the view and suggestion on the influence that the financial institution operates on the securitization of the real estate. In the securitization operation course of the real estate , manage the rule etc. in decree including Trust Law , trust business law , bank law and trust and investment corporation involved . The securitization can be assigned to enterprise's financial securitization and securitization of the assets, and the assets securitization can be divided for securitization and securitization of the real estate of financial assets. The main purpose includes promoting the effective use of the real estate, promote the effective use of the fund, improve and raise the environmental quality of the essence, prevent the land resource from to control, prevent land speculation from, perfect the market function, disperse the investment risk, solving the problem of financing for the financial group, large-scale production of reaching the real estate and managing. Its characteristic, for circulation, cashing, fairness, specialized, disperses the risk. The main difference of REITs and REATs is that there is fund and securitization with REITs first, then invest in the real estate and relevant right, but REATs is to enable assets possessors to obtain the fund through the securitization, reduce the real estate and hold the quantity. The securitization of the real estate originated from U.S.A., was the place where the whole world develops REITs earliest, legal system is complete, the diversification of the goods. Till the end of January of 2006, there are listing REITs 198 Companies in all, total market value is 358,400 million dollars, the rights and interests type have absolute predominance. The Japanese real estate securitization was implemented formally in November of 2000, 32 are listed till March of 2006, the total about 3.26 trillion days of market value round. Hong Kong REITs market just belonged to the starting stage, own 3 in common begin to merchandize till the end of March of 2006, it up to 23,500 million Hongkong dollars to raise the scale of the money, yet there is large one and will be listed on Hong Kong soon in the reservation, Hong Kong will become the second largest REITs market in Asia, is second only to Japan. And the investment trust system of real estate of our country consults U.S.A. mainly, the assets trust of the real estate draws lessons from Japan. Till the end of December of the 94th year of the Republic of China, already there are securitization goods of 10 pieces of real estate that have checked and approve to issue at home, among them 7 departments regard REATs as the structure, 3 departments issue and are listed by way of REITs. Domestic the real estate securitization to last only more than two years, its still some subjects in the course of decree clause and operation deserve the discussion , including REITs is it issue , REITs business transaction ,etc. agreement of amount of money standardize stipulate , pluralistic issue of source that REITs mark of standard ,etc. to add to. Implementation of the securitization of the real estate, it influences the aspect to relevant industry extremely widely, cause the influence analogous to the degree on the traditional business of the financial institution. The securitization of the real estate has changed the way in which the fund raises of the past, has also produced the change to the form of operation and administration of the real estate market. And the influence on the business of financial institution, in terms of banking, it is served as and is commissioned the organization that there are its positive benefits, investment tool increase , underwriting , self-operation , brokerage of marketable securities , develop investment bank , reverse side influence for storing original , loan business reduce. From the angle of the securities business, its role's function is roughly consigned to roles of functions , person who makes city , serving as financial advisor , the mobility of the financial goods fixing the price and designing , secondary market , educational investor ,etc.. From the angle of the insurance, role that can serve as it, take on original organization, investor, trust business, real estate management organization, credit strengthen insurer, etc. role. But in the course of securitization operation of the real estate, there must also be good control systems, guarantee that the relevant interested party's rights and interests are not injured. Control the system , is divided into three kinds , such as inside control system , external finance managing , financial market's own self-containment ,etc. on the whole . The securitization market of the real estate will step into the stage growing up fast, will grow up the space very big in the future, will attract more investor's input, in order to ensure investor's rights and interests, the relevant mechanism, with should be set up to form a complete set as quickly as possible, give investors more reeducation, the construction of the information platform of investment, every trade agreement melts simple and easily and makes clear etc.. The developing real estate securitization will be revised open soon; the competent authority should bear and verify the heavy responsibility. The innovation ability of the financial institution will also face the test , a piece of a large amount of real estate securitization goods coming one after another, how the financial institution weeds out the old and brings forth the new, obtains to investors and favors, it is a decisive key of the future. The domestic efforts in this respect of financial institution still remain to strengthen. The development of the securitization of the real estate will move towards the internationalization too unavoidably, integrate with the international capital market, should be adjusted too while managing the norm. Future, real estate securitization apply city newer, public construction, non-performing assets, etc. to, the operation course is quite professional, tedious, every financial institution should train every qualified personnel in a specific field actively, develop the administrative system of the assets, set up and perfect the inside control system, and set up and specialize in the department to promote the securitization business of the real estate.

As the population density increases dramatically and metropolises develop rapidly, which lead to the trend in construction of higher and complex buildings, fire has become the number one disaster inflicted on buildings, imposing great impact on society and causing disturbance to residents in community. Therefore, the government established an professional inspector system in 1997, stipulating building owners and users to entrust private professional institutions and technicians with the implementation of inspection report system for building public safety, for the purpose of fulfilling the principle of separation between ¡§administration¡¨ and ¡§technique.¡¨ As a result, a new service industry called ¡§Building Public Safety Inspection Institution (BPSII),¡¨ transformed from Japan¡¦s fire-fighting inspection system, is spawned by new codes and regulations in response to several severe public safety incidents in recent years. More specifically, the aim of BPSII is to establish professional technician acting system by way of private industries¡¦ participation, thereby facilitating public safety inspection and reporting system. Based on personal experience and practice in managing building public safety inspection tasks, the researcher attempts to in depth explore the related policies, regulations, and research literature, utilizing systemic analysis approach to study the status of BPSII, to explain its difficulties and developmental bottleneck, and thereby depict its future vision. The purpose of this present study is to investigate, after the burgeoning of BPSII, how to enhance its developmental strategies and organizational goals, as well as to predict its future trend, and to propose recommendations for adjusting the current construction-related codes and regulations accordingly. Therefore, to facilitate this study, a survey questionnaire is conducted to probe into current situation and issues. The findings of this study are as follows: ¤@¡BThe Features of Management (¤@)Characteristics of Organizations 1. Unified professionalism. 2. Cross-regional operation. 3. Subcontracting. (¤G)Characteristics of Operation 1. Institution chiefs must be professional inspectors. 2. The minimum capital is 2 million NT dollars. 3. Closely scheduled deadlines cause difficulties in managing manpower and finance. (¤T)Characteristics of Management 1. A lack of marketing management. 2. A difficulty in keeping customers. (¥|)Characteristics of Human Resource 1. High turnover. 2. High educational training cost. 3. High moral standards. ¤G¡BManagerial Issues (¤@)In Business 1. A failure to declare safety and fire-fighting inspection together causes complaints. 2. The market is decided by price, rather than service quality. (¤G)In Operation 1. Price undercutting causes vicious competition. 2. Unpredictable manpower caused by high turnover affects service quality. (¤T)In Management 1. Employee quality is uneven. 2. Educational training is insufficient. (¥|)In Regulations 1. Only institution chiefs are held accountable, which results in inspectors¡¦ poor practices. 2. Some checking items of building safety inspection overlap with that of fire-fighting inspection. This study discusses the issues concerning the operation of BPSII, hoping to promote service quality through participatory discussions among labor unions. In addition, it intends to inform authorities and the public of situations of BPSII, and thereby protect legal businesses, improve their image, and join related industries to engage in multiple operations and services, as well as inventing cutting edge fire-fighting technology. In doing so, BPSII is able to prosper in the 21st century, set up an paradigm for building safety inspection industry, promote a safer living environment and quality, and enhance the cooperation between the government and businesses to weave a seamless social security net.

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The purpose with the study is to see if it is possible to create well functioning and democratic government and parliament in Kosovo, within a near future thru social capital.</p><p> </p><p>I have some research questions that will help me reach my purpose:</p><p> </p><p>1. Are Kosovo‘s institutions effective and democratic today?</p><p>2. Does social capital exist in Kosovo today?</p><p>3. Are there satisfactory opportunities for building well functioning, democratic institutions in the future?</p><p>4. Are there any obstacles on the way for building well functioning, democratic institutions in the future?</p><p> </p><p>My study is based mostly on qualitative interviews with social scientists, political scientists, historian, citizens and other people that would give me useful answers to my questions.</p><p> </p><p>My results shows that Kosovos government and parliament are not well functioning democratic institutions. The extent of social capital is also very low or not existing at all. The lack of social capital is not the explanation to the fact that Kosovo‘s institutions are not well developed. There are many other things that explains the institutional situation better.</p><p> </p><p>The answer to my purpose is that it is not possible to develop well functioning democratic institutions in Kosovo within a near future. Institutional Development takes time as Robert Putnam argues and the obstacles are to great to over win witin a near future.</p>

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Evangelisch-theologische Fakultät--Heidelberg--Ruprecht-Karls Universität, 1994. / Bibliogr. de l'oeuvre d'Ernst Wolf p. 297-301. Bibliogr. p. 302-318.

Diss.--Erlangen-Nürnberg--Friedrich-Alexander Universität, 1998. / Bibliogr. p. 305-329. Index.

Zugl.: Eichstätt, Ingolstadt, Univ., Diss., 2008

Ikimokyklinė įstaiga ir šeima yra dvi institucijos, siejamos vieno ir tuo paties ugdomojo objekto – vaiko. Svarbiausias šių institucijų tikslas – žmogaus, kuris mąstytų, verktų ir gyventų vardan aukščiausių idealų. Ikimokyklinis ugdymas tampa vis svarbesnis visuomenės bei valstybės interesas. Ugdymas natūrali socialinė raida, besireiškianti įvairiose visuomenės struktūrose ir ryšiuose, atspindinti labai svarbų evoliucijos etapą ( Stankūnienė, 1998). R. Želvys (1995) bendravimą apibūdina kaip prasmingą sąveiką tarp dviejų ir daugiau žmonių. Ikimokyklinė įstaiga ir šeima yra pagrindinės asmenybės kuriamosios jėgos. Tod���l jų bendravimas yra labai svarbus. Mokyklos, ikimokyklinės įstaigos ir šeimos bendradarbiavimo svarba akcentuojama įvairiuose švietimo sistemą reglamentuojančiuose dokumentuose: Lietuvos Respublikos švietimo įstatyme (2003), Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų išsilavinimo standartuose (2003) ir kituose dokumentuose. Tėvų ir auklėtojų bendravimo ir bendradarbiavimo klausimais domėjosi ir rašė apie juos šalies ir užsienio mokslininkai: S. Šalkauskis (1992), J. Vabalas–Gudaitis (1983), A. Maceina (1990), V. Glebuvienė (1990), J. Litvinienė (1990), V.Krumm (1993), L. Stroll, D. Fink (1998). S. Dapkienė (2002) ir kt. Pedagogų ir šeimos bendradarbiavimas tampa vienu didžiausiu visuomenės rūpesčiu. Siekiant tinkamai bendradarbiauti, reikia pačiais įvairiausiais būdais skatinti šeimos domėjimąsi... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Various scientific-methodical literature analyses cooperation of preschool institutions and family in separate aspects, however, there is no comprehensive study reflecting new, modern approach to communication and cooperation between preschool institution and family. This master work aims at ascertaining the following problems: • what forms of communication and cooperation with the family are currently used by urban and rural preschool institutions; • what forms of cooperation are preferred by parents; • what forms of cooperation with the family selected motivate the family participation in educational process and its development and what forms discourage the family from doing this. The aim of survey - To educe the situation and prerequisities for impovement of cooperation among the preschool institutions and family. Goals: 1. Exploration of cooperation features between preschool institution and the family that include evaluation of personal activity of cooperating partners and individual input. 2. Describing real situation that is formed at preschool institution with regard to the institution and the family. 3. Searching for new cooperation possibilities that would motivate activity of parents and educators in educational process of the preschool institution. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature sources, questionnaire method, quantitative and qualitative analysis of research data. Research basis and scope: Research carried out at preschool institutions in... [to full text]

Patients spend certain time at the stationary health care institutions depending on their illness and statinary profile, therefore professional social help is necessary both for the patients and for their family members. The function of the social worker as the specialist is to intensify adaptation abilities of a cured person to the environment, to renovate his relationship with community, helping him to integrale into sotiety and to stimulate more comprehensive social personality function. Nowadays there are not a few medical institutions where the social problems of the patients are solved by medical workers themselves. This work requires a lot of additional time and special knowledge. It can cause some undergoing of medical work quality and quantity, and at the same time the social problems of the patients can be left unsolved. Making this research the main purpose was to find out the need of a social worker at the stationary health care institutions. The objects of the research were chosen from the stationary medical institutions of Alytus district where by random selection any physicians of these health care institutions and patients cured there at that time were questioned. The survey of the problems was determined, the plan was made and the relevant research method was chosen using theoretical method refering to analised scientific literature and juristic base. By virture of the empirical methods the anonimous questionnaire was given to find out the need of a social... [to full text]