La protection intégrale de l'enfant et de l'adolescent est devenue un sujet significatif sur la scène nationale depuis la promulgation du Statut de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (1990). Dans les cas de violation ou de menace des droits de la population infanto-juvénile, des mesures spécifiques sont prises. On peut citer entre autres : le placement d'enfants et d'adolescents en institution. Ce type de procédure a un caractère d'exception et doit être utilisé comme une période de transition entre la réintégration familiale ou l'adoption. L'arrivée dans l'environnement institutionnel implique une séparation de la famille et, également, suscite une série de discussions par rapport à l'institutionnalisation à long terme, la rupture de liens familiaux et la violation du droit à vivre avec la famille. Ainsi, dans le but de participer au débat sur les possibilités d'assurer la relation parent-enfant dans le placement en institution, cette thèse a eu pour objectif d'enquêter sur le sens et les interprétations que la relation parent-enfant acquiert dans le placement en institution. Les ressources méthodologiques utilisées consistent en des recherches bibliographiques par le biais de livres, articles, enquêtes nationales et régionales, législation, guides pratiques, manuels, presse, projets de loi, recommandations du Conseil National de Justice, de l'Institut Brésilien du Droit de Famille, du Conseil National du Ministère Public (Procureur Général) et de décisions de la Cour Suprême Fédérale qui évoquent la relation parent-enfant. Des enquêtes nationales et des recherches régionales sur le placement en institution ont été analysées, ainsi que des études portant sur les familles d'enfants et d'adolescents placés ; il en est de même quant à la destitution de l'autorité parentale et de l'adoption. Il a été possible de constater l'absence d'informations sur les familles d'enfants et d'adolescents placés dans des enquêtes nationales et sur la culpabilisation des familles, par le moyen de l'individualisation des causes qui ont mené au placement. Les catégories "risqué", "protection", "négligence" et "abandon" sont usuellement attribuées aux familles et aux situations vécues par les enfants et les adolescents placés. Il a été constaté un ensemble de difficultés concernant l'accomplissement du droit à assurer la relation parent-enfant et à la réinsertion familiale, avec, entre autres des problématiques liées à la précarité du réseau de protection à l'enfance et à la jeunesse, le manque de suivi de la part de la famille, ainsi que des visites jouant un rôle principal pour la réinsertion familiale. Il a été possible d'observer l'existence d'un grand écart entre la relation parent-enfant et les familles d'enfants et d'adolescents placés, malgré l'exaltation de la parentalité dans des publications dans le domaine du Droit et de la Psychologie. On traite de ce sujet qu'est la parentalité, comme un dispositif d'intervention collective vis-à-vis des relations familiales. Dans le contexte du placement, toutes les formes d'exercice de parentalité n'ont pas été considérées ce qui permet de mettre en évidence une contradiction entre la valorisation de la relation parent-enfant et la définition d'une parentalité envisagée comme appropriée. Il a été observé un double biais par rapport à l'utilisation de la parentalité, présentement utilisée pour disqualifier la famille d'origine. On peut conclure que la garantie de la relation parent-enfant dans le placement en institution est présentement comprise de manière prioritaire comme l'adoption. Par conséquent, au fur et à mesure que la relation parent-enfant est valorisée dans le domaine légal, les possibilités de son accomplissement se réduisent lorsque l'adoption est perçue comme solution pour un nombre considérable de placements et pour la permanence prolongée en institution d'enfants et d'adolescents placés. / Integral protection for children and adolescents has been a highlighted theme in the national scene since the promulgation of the Child and Adolescent Statute (1990). Several protective measures are established in cases of violation or threat of children and adolescent's rights, such as the institutionalization in shelter units. This kind of care is provisional, exceptional and it should be used as a transitional period between family reintegration or adption. The entrance into the institutional environment implies a separation from the family and in turn, generates many discussions about the prolonged institutionalization, the split of affective relations and the violation of the right to live in a family. Thus, in order to contribute to the debate in order to ensure the right of living in a family, the present thesis has had the objective of investigating the senses and interpretations that the right to live among family members acquires in shelters. The research method was based on bibliographic research in books, articles, national and regional investigations, legislation, practical guidelines, manuals, news, bills, recommendations of the National Council of Justice, the Brazilian Institute of Family Law, the National Council of Public Prosecution and decisions of the Federal Supreme Court that expatiate on the right to live among family members. National and regional surveys on institutional reception in Brazil were reviewed, as well as studies about families of institutionalized children and adolescents, destitution of family power and adoption. It was possible to note the absence of information about the family of sheltered children and adolescents in the national surveys and the culpability of the family by means of an individualization of the reasons that caused the institutionalization. The categories "risk", "protection", "negligence" and "abandon" are commonly attributed to families and to the situation experienced by institutionalized children and adolescents. There was a scenario of difficulties to ensure the right to live in a family and family reintegration, which include among other problems, the precariousness of the child and youth protection network, the lack of accompaniment to the family and visits as the main action for family reinsertion. It was possible to notice the existence of a great gap between the right to live among family members and the families of children and adolescents, despite the exaltation of parenthood in publications in the field of Law and Psychology. Parenthood is discussed as a device for collective intervention on family relationships. In the context of shelters, not all forms of exercise of parenthood are considered, which allows us to identify a contradiction between the value awarded to family life and the definition of what would be an appropriate parenthood. It was noticed double bias regarding the use of parenthood, used either as a justification for adoption or to disqualify the family of origin. It is concluded that the ensure of the right to live in a family for sheltered children and adolescents is seen primarily as an insertion in a substitute family, through adoption. Consequently, it was possible to note that in spite of family life being established by law, the possibilities of its implementation are retracted since adoption is considered a solution to the high number of children and adolescents living in shelters and to the prolonged institutionalization.

Esta pesquisa está voltada para o abrigo, modalidade de acolhimento institucional para crianças e adolescentes privados temporariamente do convívio familiar. Desenhada como estudo institucional de um caso, visa ao traçado da subjetividade de um garoto, Fernando, 14 anos, em sua fala sobre si e nas falas a seu respeito. Analisa os discursos, em entrevistas, de: Fernando, seu pai e agentes institucionais do abrigo (duas educadoras, um psicólogo e duas voluntárias), da escola (três professoras) e da Vara da Infância e da Juventude (a psicóloga responsável pelo caso). O método é o de Análise Institucional do Discurso, proposto por Guirado (2010), como analítica da subjetividade; organiza-se em torno dos conceitos de instituição, discurso, sujeito e análise, e operacionaliza a articulação entre o singular e as relações institucionais. As análises das entrevistas foram conduzidas considerando o modo de organização das falas, para configurar os lugares assumidos e atribuídos nas relações que se fazem em seus discursos. Na análise da entrevista de Fernando se configuraram suas necessidades de atendimento, tratadas no interjogo com os discursos de seu pai e dos agentes institucionais. Fernando põe-se como herói solitário e o pai é alçado a principal artífice do impasse que se cria com relação ao tornar-se homem. Ao mesmo tempo, identifica o psicólogo e o gestor do abrigo como sua referência. Em seu discurso, o pai, como um viajante solitário, reconhece no abrigo o melhor para o filho. O psicólogo não identifica em seu fazer uma referência para Fernando. Ressalta-se uma remessa constante de uns a outros no posto de referência em que Fernando, em princípio, os coloca: uma busca em que Fernando mira um, que mira outro, que mira novamente para fora da relação com ele, no atendimento às demandas de ser (homem) na vida. Destaca-se, ainda, que no discurso institucional o pai é falado em sua negatividade: suas carências e seus desvios. Isso se imprime com tal força que acaba por decalcar o pai em Fernando. Na entrevista de Fernando configura-se uma espécie de negligência em que os contornos do saber-fazer não se desenham. No contexto da instituição-abrigo, ora Fernando é cerceado em ações que estariam dentro de seu alcance, ora é legitimado em um exercício de poder que exerce só, por critérios pessoais. No contexto escolar, as características de Fernando, identificadas pelas professoras, entram em estratégias diferentes, e se produz ora um aluno de destaque, por apresentar mais conhecimento, participação e contribuição em aula do que os demais alunos, ora um aluno-disfarce, burro e esperto. A relação de Fernando com a transgressão/agressão surge em referência à imagem ridicularizada do pai, às normas institucionais e à morte, e o contexto escolar é posicionado como ocasião privilegiada para tal aprendizagem. Nesse contexto, essas ações são tratadas com sua expulsão de sala e/ou com mediações de outras instâncias, fora da relação em que a transgressão/agressão acontece. Fernando coloca sua proteção em sua dependência. Nas práticas institucionais não se estabelecem relações que sustentem, com ele, sua proteção / This research focuses on the shelter, modality of institutional reception for children and teenagers temporarily deprived of familiar conviviality. Drawn as institutional study of a case, it aims to the tracing of a boys subjectivity, Fernando, 14 years old, on his speech about himself and on others speech about him. It analyses the discourses, on interviews, of: Fernando, his father and institutional agents of the shelter (two educators, a psychologist e two volunteers), of the school (three teachers) and of the Children and Juvenile Court (the psychologist in charge of the case). The method is that of Institutional Discourse Analysis, proposed by Guirado (2010) as analytic of subjectivity; it organizes around the concepts of institution, discourse, subject and analysis, and operationalizes the articulation between the singular and the institutional relationships. The analyses of the interviews were conducted considering the mode of organization of speeches, to set the places assumed and attributed on relations that are made on their discourses. On the analyses of the interview with Fernando his needs of treatment are configured, treated in the interplay with the discourses of his father and of the institutional agents. Fernando puts himself as a solitary hero and the father is elevated as the main architect of the impasse created in respect to becoming a man. At the same time, he identifies the psychologist and the shelters manager as his reference. In his discourse, the father, as a solitary traveler, recognizes in the shelter the best for his son. The psychologist doesnt identify in his doing a reference for Fernando. It is noteworthy a constant referral from one to another on the reference post where Fernando, at first, places them: a search in which Fernando targets one, who targets another, who targets again outside the relationship with him, at the meeting of the demands of being (man) in life. It is also noteworthy that in the institutional discourse the father is referred of for his negativity: his shortages and deviations. That imprints itself with such strength that it ends up bringing up the father in Fernando. On Fernandos interview a sort of negligence configures itself in which the contours of knowing-doing are not drawn. In the context of the institution-shelter, sometimes Fernando is curtailed in actions that would be on his reach, sometimes he his legitimated in a power exercise that he exercises by himself using personal criteria. In the school context, Fernandos characteristics, identified by the teachers, enter different strategies, and produce sometimes an outstanding student, for presenting more knowledge, participation and contribution in class than the other students, and other times a student-disguise, dumb and smart. Fernandos relationship with transgression/aggression arises in reference to the ridiculed image of the father, to the institutional norms and to death, and the school context is positioned as a privileged occasion for such learning. In this context, those actions are treated with his expulsion from class and/or with mediations of other instances, outside the relation in which the transgression/aggression occurs. Fernando places his protection on his dependency. On institutional practices relationships are not established which sustain with him his protection

The contextualisation is related to, and wants to complete my Master’s essay Black Book which consists of scripts for performances. All the scripts have been performed live. A DVD with selected performances from 2009–2012 is also part of the essay. The contextualisation describes what I do in my work and relates it to fellow performance artists and inspirations such as Tamy Ben–Tor and Pierrick Sorin while Black Book is the text I use when I perform. / <p>DVD och textkort finns tillgängliga på Kungl Konsthögskolans bibliotek.</p><p>Examensarbetet består av en skriftlig del och en gestaltande del. Alternativ titel anger namnet förden gestaltande delen. </p><p>The master work includes a written essay and a forming part. The alternative title is the name of the forming part.</p>

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / This research assesses the challenges faced by a diverse group of employees within the Safety and Security Directorate in a Municipality in the Western Cape, which is a service organisation. The manner in which Employment Equity (EE) is introduced and controlled in this organisation can have a great influence on the staff. Experts agree that there are many arguments in favour and against Employment Equity, making it a formidable and difficult task for any management team (Grogan, Stelzer, Jordaan & Maserumele, and 2005:94). It is imperative to grasp the understanding of staff and management on EE and other related issues to measure if any progress was made and how to perhaps improve on current employment equity related practices in the organisation. The research method comprises both the quantitative and qualitative methodology in the form of a questionnaire survey and a sample of the research population. The research revealed that although much progress has been made with employment equity in general, there are many challenges in this Municipality in the Western Cape. Specific recommendations are made to address these challenges. For further research, it is recommended that employment equity be investigated holistically in every department and directorate.

Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS) / A critical feature of globalisation is to attract and retain intellectual capital to ensure that a cadre of highly skilled, independent, internationally marketable and mobile employees is achieved (Sutherland & Jordaan, 2004). Bagraim and Sader (2007) concur by stating that South African organisations in an increasingly dynamic globalised economy, strive to increase the organisation's competitiveness by ensuring they need to retain and motivate skilled employees. The plethora of literature available on organisational commitment and job satisfaction is testament to achieving the above (Aamodt, 1999; Mowday, Porter & Steers, 1982; Robbins; 2001; Robbins & Judge; 2007). Withdrawal behaviours such as tardiness, absenteeism and turnover have been found to be inversely related to both job satisfaction and organisational commitment (Bergh, 2011; Mowday et al., 1982; Robbins, 2001). It is therefore believed that satisfied and committed employees are more likely to remain with an organisation and to perform at higher levels. The relationship between job satisfaction and organisational commitment has particularly important implications for service organisations. In a recent study, conducted in a service environment, it was demonstrated that highly committed employees exerted more effort towards satisfying the needs of customers. The effort was found, in turn, to raise the level of customer satisfaction (Malherbe & Pearse, 2003). Moreover, the latter study lent strong support to the notion that increased job satisfaction is likely to stimulate greater commitment. Since 1994 South Africa has undergone numerous changes not only in the country but also in the Higher Education sector, to rectify and redress the social injustices caused by apartheid in a move towards a democratic society (Cross, Mungadi & Rouhini cited in Rothman, 2005). In a hyper turbulent environment characterised by constant change, it has become important for Higher Education to change as well to ensure that tertiary institutions become internationally competitive. The importance of the current study therefore comes to the fore in terms of determining why individuals are leaving the institution. This is important because to remain competitive the institution needs highly competent, committed and experienced employees. The present study aspires to identify the variables which influence turnover intentions. The mediating effects of job satisfaction and organisational commitment were investigated in this particular study to explore the concept of turnover intentions amongst a sample of 118 non-academic (administrative) staff members at a tertiary institution in the Western Cape. A biographical questionnaire, the Job Descriptive Index (JDI), the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) and the Turnover Intentions Questionnaire were administered to elicit responses from respondents to determine the impact of the variables job satisfaction and organisational commitment on turnover intentions. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods (the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Co-efficient and Multiple Regression Analysis) were utilised during the statistical analysis phase. Results indicate that a statistically significant inverse relationship exists between the independent variables job satisfaction and organisational commitment, respectively, and turnover intention. These findings are consistent with previous research findings (Appollis, 2010; Ben-Bakr, Al-Shammari, Jefri & Prasad, 1994; Pienaar, Sieberhagen & Mostert, 2007). Further to this a statistically significant relationship also exists between job satisfaction and organisational commitment which corroborates previous findings (Lok & Crawford, 1999; Mathieu & Zajac; 1999; McNeese-Smith, 2001; Price & Mueller, 1981; Williams & Hazer, 1986). The study concludes with recommendations and implications for future research endeavours in the area of job satisfaction, organisational commitment and turnover intentions amongst non-academic employees from institutions of Higher Education.

The study is on Healdtown Missionary Institution. A broad background has been given from 1855 when the Institution was established by Sir George Grey. The emphasis has, however, been from 1925 when the earliest respondents were admitted, up to 1955 when the Department of Bantu Education took over from the missionaries. This period has been deliberately chosen since Healdtown was largely run by the Wesleyan Missionaries during that time. It must also be mentioned that the administration side of Healdtown has not been covered, since Professor Hewson has given a broad picture of this aspect in his doctoral thesis (1959). Similarly, the situation in the classrooms has not been considered except where appropriate references have been cited by respondents. The stress is on the different activities that took place, mainly in every day life in the Institution. Some of these are the positions of responsibility held by respondents in the Institution and their effect on them (the respondents) in later life. This can be coupled with the contribution the respondents made to their communities after leaving Healdtown. The most important thing about the study is what has been revealed with regard to the three generations: the parents of the respondents, the respondents themselves and the children of the respondents. In this aspect a picture of how elite produces elite has been highlighted. To add more flavour, the memories, both good and bad, have been analysed and in order to see whether these are common or peculiar, a comparison was made with similar day schools (secondary) in Soweto. In the conclusion, especially, the limited opportunities for Black pupils to have secondary education during this period is also highlighted. This goes with the eagerness and efforts shown by parents to give secondary schooling to their children. Last, but not least, in the conclusion to this thesis certain deductions from the study have been exposed. What the graduates think about the future of the Institution together with how they view the pupils of the eighties has received a place. It must also be mentioned that the graduates seem to view Healdtown as having prepared them for life

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding and gather insight into the experiences of Cuban American women attending a 4-year, public, Hispanic Serving Institution and how those experiences influenced their identity development. This was accomplished by conducting in-depth interviews and focus groups with 12 self-identified Cuban American women who were classified as sophomores, juniors, seniors, or graduate students. All of the participants had attended Florida International University for at least 1 year. The women had varying degrees of on and off campus academic and campus involvement activities. Participants were asked about six topics: (a) family, (b) cultural influences, (c) gender, (d) ethical and moral development, (e) education, and (f) ethnic identity. Based on the coding of the data provided by the participants, several interconnected themes emerged including the importance of family, familial support, cultural pride, expected gender roles, core values, decision making, biculturalism, and the value of attending a Hispanic Serving Institution. These themes were found to be all related to the identity development of the participants. It was found that looking at identity through a multidimensional lens is essential. Looking at personal growth and development through anthropological, sociological, and psychosocial lenses gave greater insight to a population of students who have been largely underrepresented in the literature. The findings of this case study are that culture is contextual and identity development is complex for first and second generation Cuban American women attending a Hispanic Serving Institution in a majority minority city. It was found that several factors, including the importance of family and gender roles, were not found to be more important than one another; rather they supported each other in regards to the participants’ identity development. The notion of biculturalism as it has been presented in the literature was challenged in this study as it was found that the participants’ experiences living and attending a school in a majority minority city presented a new way of understanding what it might mean to be bicultural. For professionals in the field, the findings of this study may lead to a broader understanding of nuances within the Hispanic community and a better understanding of the distinctiveness of what it means to be a Cuban American woman.

Information Technology (IT) has emerged as an important issue for the public and private sectors. It has been initially identified as a vehicle in supporting business processes by speeding up the process of decision making and easy access of information as required for the competitive advantage of businesses. Organisations regarded IT as an enabler of their business processes. As IT has grown, its shape and definition have drastically changed from being an enabler of the business processes to become a central and strategic concern within the organisation that drives the business processes. The new IT landscape has made organisations completely dependant on IT for their decision making and effective functioning. The dependence on IT has created a need for unified and effective structures, standards and best practices that ensure the effective execution of business processes using IT. The establishment of IT Governance for institutions of higher learning has created the dual challenges of how IT Governance can work within the culture of inclusiveness and shared decision making while better aligning existing IT structures. These dual challenges vary from one university to another based on the culture of the specific university. This study therefore suggests possible ways that IT Governance can shape an institution of higher learning by strategically aligning the institution’s IT strategy with the overall university strategy through the development of an IT Governance Model. To come up with the said proposed model, qualitative research techniques such as document analysis, observations, interviews, a questionnaire and briefing sessions were used during the research process. The comparative analysis of the case studied was used to identify different IT Governance models adopted by other universities. Literature was reviewed to establish the emerging IT Governance practices established and implemented by different authors. The result from this study is that an IT Governance model specific to WSU has been developed. This model can be used as guiding tool in establishing new IT Governance structures and also modify and improve the existing IT Governance structure of different institutions of higher learning. This model can further be used to guide the development of the institution IT Governance implementation architecture framework.

Since there has been an abundance of research concerning high and low social status and little on inconsistents, the present study intends to shed some understanding of this group by comparing their feelings and attitudes to the highs and lows. Four principle areas are emphasized: family relationships, attitude toward sex, interpersonal relationships and self concept, with sub-areas lending added data.

The aim of this study was to investigate how Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in South Africa balance sustainability with developmental objectives. Twelve semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with microfinance subject matter and microfinance institutions. The research found that commercialisation is not compatible with social impact as it leads to mission drift, which can be managed by an inclusive stakeholder governance structure. The trade-off between sustainability and social impact (outreach) was evident for commercial MFIs; while sustainability can be achieved through scale and cost management. In addition, MFIs achieve lower delinquency rate by implementing non-financial interventions such as client training and using group lending methodology that fosters social capital in the client base. The lack of a visible collaboration between MFIs has deprived the industry of a strong voice that can mobilise society to leverage the benefits of microfinance to help South Africa reduce inequalities. Despite the fact that regulatory restrictions concerning savings mobilisation for micro enterprise lenders are inhibiting product innovation and curtailing outreach, microfinance has proved to be a valuable tool that South Africa has not leveraged to alleviate poverty and reduce income inequalities. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted