This paper’s objective is to examine the social media influence on students’ self-efficacy with regards to their entrepreneurial intentions. This thesis explores a topic which has received little to no attention at all, and the investigation sheds light on social media in an aspect different from marketing. The paper examines the social media influence on self-efficacy among future graduates with regards to their entrepreneurial intentions, as they are facing their immediate career choice. Moreover, the study fills several literature gaps in the field of graduate entrepreneurship, pointed out by previous studies and serves as a foundation for future research on the topic how social media can influence self-efficacy. The research was handled in a quantitative manner, following previous studies on entrepreneurial intentions and applying existing questionnaire scales regarding self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions in combination with self-administered social media scale. The target population consisted of last year Bulgarian undergraduate students with a smaller reference group of international students, currently in their last year of business studies at Sweden for the sake of comparison. The findings displayed that there are clear cause-and-effect relationships between social media usage frequency and self-efficacy of the students, as well as between their feeling of connectedness associated with their social networks and their level of self-efficacy. The results also indicate that social media activity frequency is negatively correlated with the level of self-efficacy among Bulgarian, whereas this relationship is statistically insignificant for the  reference group. A main limitation of this study is the fact that the psychological impact of social media usage amongst students on their perceived level of self-efficacy can hardly be investigated within the borders of a Bachelor’s thesis, since there are many factors that affect the individual’s self concept and they also vary among different individuals. Moreover, the desired number of observations was not reached, which could have implications on the results’ representativity.

The primary interest of this investigation concerned working memory functioning and cue/act discrimination during encoding of intentions. The study included manipulations of working memory and intention load to investigate the encoding processes related to prospective memory (PM). Three experiments are presented that involve working memory distraction tasks at the time of encoding the PM intentions, as well as varying numbers of cues and actions. In the first experiment three cues were paired with one action, in the second, one cue with three actions, and in the third, three cues with three actions. Results suggest that the central executive is involved in binding a cue to an action, and that this operation is key to PM success. Furthermore, the phonological loop seems primarily involved with processing of cues and the visuospatial sketchpad with actions. It is further proposed that the processes of the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad must be successful before the central executive can bind the cues and acts together, which is possibly the most important part in the encoding of intentions. By directly examining PM at the time of encoding, information was gained that allows for a more complete understanding of the nature of how we form and execute intentions.

Due to the rise of the internet, the mislabelling of food products has turned into a well-known phenomenon. There is an unsolved paradox concerning how the act of mislabelling may influence brand loyal grocery shoppers’ loyalty and purchase intentions towards their favourite food brands. To investigate the area of mislabelling and brand loyalty, four in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in a qualitative setting. The participants were handpicked based on a purposive and convenience sampling method, where individuals with experience in the catering industry were requested. The findings suggest that the outcome of mislabelling is highly individual as it may be perceived differently depending on the shoppers’ level of involvement as well as the strength of the initial brand loyalty. The present study contributes new theoretical insights concerning the concepts of branding and brand loyalty, suggesting that trust is an essential element. Also, this study contributes to practical implications that may limit the loss of consumer trust from a firm’s perspective. For future research, this study suggests that a cultural or gender-centric investigation concerning mislabelling and brand loyal grocery shoppers would be appropriate.

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Background: In the last decade, the world has been facing global challenges of climate change as the climate has worsened significantly. Excessive consumption has been identified as one of the biggest contributors to the climate change where people purchase more products than what meets the basic needs. The excessive consumption of products has been prominent in the fashion industry, where female consumers generally purchase more clothes than men. Today, the fashion industry is dominated by fast fashion, where consumers purchase more clothes with a shorter life span. Thus, the fashion waste increases, leaving serious environmental effects. Sweden is said to be one of the greenest countries in the world but is still one of the countries with the highest levels of consumption globally. The private consumption is high in Sweden and one of the biggest consumer markets that have a negative effect on the environment is the fashion industry. As a result, sustainable fashion consumption is becoming more important.   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the sustainable behavior of Swedish female consumers and later understand how different factors is affecting the IB gap in sustainable (secondhand) fashion consumption.   Method: To be able to achieve the purpose of this exploratory study, a qualitative research strategy was applied. The empirical data was collected through in-depth interviews held with Swedish female consumers with intentions to purchase secondhand fashion, which later was interpreted and analyzed through an abductive approach, incorporating a thematic analysis.   Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the behavior of intenders can be characterized by sustainable intentions that do not translate into behavior. Further, the behavior can be characterized by a weak social support system (barrier), poor availability (barrier), low task- and maintenance self-efficacy, high recovery self-efficacy, and no planning. In addition, the results of this study showed that the behavior of actors can be characterized by sustainable intentions and sustainable behavior. Further, the behavior can be characterized by a strong social support system, good availability, high task- and recovery self-efficacy, medium to high maintenance self-efficacy, and planning. The comparison between intenders and actors showed that the perceived barriers for intenders was contributing factors to the IB gap together with their low task- and maintenance self-efficacy through their most likely negative effect on intenders planning. Intenders lack of planning was shown to serve as a negative mediator between intention and behavior, which thereby contributes to the IB gap. While the recovery self-efficacy was high for both intenders and actors, actors has recovery self-efficacy for the desired behavior of purchasing secondhand on a regular basis, while intenders does not.

Social work literature has documented that social workers may be the victims of client violence. However, to date, no studies have documented the nationwide prevalence of client violence towards social work students. This study examined direct and indirect incidents of physical assault, threats of physical harm, verbal abuse, threats of lawsuit, and property damage. The randomly selected national sample of social work students were selected from the National Association of Social Workers (N = 595). Findings revealed that 41.7% of social work students directly experienced client violence during their practicum. The highest rate of the violence reported by students was verbal abuse (37.5%) while the lowest rate of reported violence was physical assault (3.5%). Being male was the most significant predictor of social work students' exposure to client violence. Other factors related to increased violence were found, such as ethnicity and degree program. This study also examined whether students received safety training in 17 content areas and where they received the training. Fewer than 50% of students received training in most training content areas, regardless of where training was received. Furthermore, increased safety training in the field agency was significantly related to increased threats of physical harm and overall client violence. When training from all venues was totaled, increased training was significantly related to increased verbal abuse, property damage, and overall direct client violence. This study found that when students experience client violence directly or indirectly, they have increased fear of future violence in social work practice. Implications for social work programs, field agencies and educators and social work students are discussed. Training content and strategies are suggested.

Programmering har tillkommit till läroplanen nyligen i den svenska skolan. Både skolan och vårt samhälle i stort går mot en alltmer digitaliserad vardag. Framtiden ställer högre krav på vår digitala kompetens och skolan behöver anpassa sig efter dessa behov. Programmering är en del av denna digitala kompetensutveckling. Vi har genomfört den här studien i syfte att undersöka vilka intentioner lärare har med sin programmeringsundervisning när de undervisar elever i de tidiga skolåren. Vi har också undersökt vilka faktorer som påverkar dessa intentioner. Vi har samlat in datamaterial till studien genom att genomföra intervjuer med sex verksamma lärare. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt har vi använt oss av ett händelselogiskt perspektiv. Resultaten av studien visade att syftet med lärarnas programmeringsundervisning var att förbereda eleverna på den digitaliserade framtiden samt att utveckla matematiska förmågor. Faktorer som lärare beskrev påverkade dessa intentioner var lärarnas egna kunskaper, vilka möjligheter de såg med undervisning i programmering, tillgång till material samt läroplanen och tid till planering. / Programming is a subject that has recently been added to the curriculum in the Swedish school system. Both school and our society are heading towards a more digitalised day-to-day life. The future will require more digital competence and school needs to follow along this development. Programming is one part of this digital competence growth. The aim of this study is to examine what the intentions of teachers who teach programming to young students are. It will also examine what factors affect these intentions. In order to collect data for this study, six active teachers have been interviewed. The interviews were analysed within a theoretical framework based on determinants, intentions and actions. The results of the study have shown that the two main intentions are to prepare the pupils for the digitalised world in the future and to further the growth of various mathematical abilities. The factors that affect the intentions are the teachers’ own knowledge of the subject, the opportunities they saw when teaching programming, access to material and the curriculum and time to plan the lessons.

Background: Social media have had a big influence on consumers engagement and the upcoming of social media influencers. Social media influencers are often seen as people who are similar to their audience and could be seen as strong opinion leaders. Social media influencer marketing is becoming more and more beneficial for businesses to implement in their marketing strategy. In order to know how to choose the right SMI for the cause, it could be useful to consider four specific characteristics of social media influencers. The characteristics have previously been examined in quantitative research, focusing on the relationship between the characteristics and purchase intention. Therefore, a certain need to explore how this relationship influence consumers’ purchase intentions has been identified. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore how consumers purchase intentions are influenced by social media influencers characteristics. The question that was asked in the study was how does each of the characteristics of social media influencers influence consumers’ purchase intentions. Methodology: This thesis used a qualitative approach and was of exploratory nature. The data was gathered through unstructured in-depth interviews based on a purposive sample considering the age group (millennials born between 1980-1996) as well as the participants frequently consuming social media influencers. The researchers verified theoretical saturation at six interviews. Conclusion: The main findings of this thesis entail how consumers’ purchase intentions are influenced by social media influencers characteristics. What was concluded is that there are eight categories that explain how the respondents thought that social media influencers can achieve with being attractive, being perceived as similar to their consumers, being authentic and being trustworthy in order to influence their purchase intentions.

The rapid development of sharing economy in the past decade has spawned a number of excellent products such as Airbnb and Uber. As one of the representative products of the sharing economy, the emergence and development of shared bikes are of great significance to the country, the government and citizens. In this context, this study aims to use Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) to investigate the factors influencing consumers’ intentions to use shared bikes. We collected primary data from 268 respondents from different districts as input, finally using SPSS 25.0 to conduct a regression analysis to test 9 antecedent variables and 3 intermediate variables to verify 12 hypotheses. The empirical results indicate that perceived usefulness, perceived joviality and perceived environmental protection have a positive influence on users' attitude towards using while perceived risk has a negative influence; peer influence and superior influence have a positive influence on subjective norm; self-efficacy and resource facilitating condition have a positive influence on perceived behavior control; attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control are positively related to the intentions to use shared bikes. This study provides important and new insights into shared bikes adoption and intentions about consumer behavior.

Detta arbete tar avstamp i hur legitimerade samhällskunskapslärares utsagor om sin intention med privatekonomi-/och samhällsekonomiämnet i samhällskunskap 1b. Samt en analys av lärarnas examinationen i kursen, med Blooms reviderade taxonomi som analysverktyg. Detta för att se vilket samband där kan finnas rörande lärares inställning till den önskade kunskapen de önskar eleverna skall ta med sig från undervisningen och vilka kunskapsdimensioner och kognitiva processer som berörs vid examinationen.       Syftet är att undersöka gymnasielärares utsagor kring sina intentioner med privat-och samhällsekonomiundervisningen i samhällskunskap 1b, samt att jämföra detta med innehållet i tillhörande examinerande moment.            Undersökningen framvisar att privatekonomi, som lärarna inte anser vara lika tungt förankrat i kunskapskraven, har en högre mängd faktakunskaper i form av minnas och förstå. Medan samhällsekonomi som, enligt lärarna, är tyngre förankrad i kunskapskraven, har en bredare variation av kognitiva processer, minnas, förstå, analysera och värdera i flera kunskapsdimensioner; faktakunskap och begreppskunskap preliminärt. / This study focuses on interviews with high school teachers regarding their intention in social studies 1b, economics. As well as an analysis of the teachers exams with the help of Bloom's revised taxonomy. The analysis of this study combined with interviews wishes to investigate any connections between the teachers interview statement in regards to their exams in economics. What knowledge to the teachers desire their students to master and what cognitive domains and knowledge domains do the teachers exams require of their students.       The purpose of this study is to investigate high schools teachers, in social civics, regards theirs intentions with their economics studies in social studies class. And to compare their statements with their exams, in regard to Bloom’s revised taxonomy.         The results of this study is that the subject “private economics”, which the teachers do not see as important in regards to higher grades, are more in favor of the cognitive domain with a great focus on remembering and understanding. Meanwhile the subject “society economics”, which are regarded by the teachers more favorable in regards to the curriculum to accumulate higher grades, have a higher variation between cognitive processes as remembering, understanding, analyze and evaluate. In addition to a higher variation in cognitive processes they also vary in multiple knowledge dimensions as cognitive domain and affective domain more frequently.