Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:03:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4555_1.pdf: 1910369 bytes, checksum: 5a0109c9538c737e8440a1c2af5b2757 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Foram analisadas 15 linhagens de Metarhizium isoladas de diferentes regiões e hospedeiros quanto às características genéticas e 7 linhagens quanto a patogenicidade sobre Diatraea saccharalis. Os marcadores moleculares ITS (Internal Transcrided Spacer) do rDNA, Intron splice site primer, RAPD e Microssatélites (SSR-Simple Sequence Repeats) foram utilizados para avaliar a diversidade genética entre as linhagens. A análise de agrupamento usando o método UPGMA baseada nas distâncias genéticas dos quatro marcadores moleculares confirmou a diversidade genética reconhecida no gênero Metarhizium. As enzimas de restrição, HaeIII e MspI, evidenciaram a diversidade genética entre as linhagens ao digerirem os produtos de amplificação do locus ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 do rDNA com os iniciadores ITS4 e ITS5, a enzima DraI não apresentou sítios de restrição. Os introns do grupo mRNA nuclear discriminaram as linhagens de Metarhizium apenas com a utilização do iniciador EI1. As técnicas de RAPD e regiões de Microssatélite foram eficientes em demonstrar a diversidade entre as linhagens. Porém o microssatélite (GACA)4 foi mais sensível em detectar a variabilidade intra e interespecífica entre as diferentes linhagens de Metarhizium. Não houve correlação entre grupos e regiões geográficas. As linhagens 4415, 4400 e 4897 causaram maior percentual de mortalidade das larvas de Diatraea saccharalis. Também não houve correlação entre os agrupamentos gerados pelas técnicas moleculares e percentual de mortalidade de larvas de D. saccharalis

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:04:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4458_1.pdf: 786506 bytes, checksum: 30ccb6ed2c83e0fa52dedbb745159fb1 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Foram analisadas 20 linhagens de C. gloeosporioides quanto às características genéticas e citomorfológicas. Os marcadores moleculares, RAPD, microssatélites, Intron Spice Site Primer e região ITS do DNA ribossomal, foram utilizados para avaliar a diversidade genética entre as linhagens. A análise de agrupamento através do método UPGMA confirmou a diversidade genética intraespecífica reconhecida em C. gloeosporioides. Com a técnica de RAPD foi detectada uma maior similaridade genética entre as linhagens. As regiões de microssatélites investigadas, demonstraram alto polimorfismo genético e os introns discriminaram todos as linhagens apenas com o primer (EI-1), e revelaram maior diversidade genética em relação aos outros marcadores moleculares utilizados. As três enzimas de restrição testadas, HaeIII, DraI e MspI evidenciaram a diversidade genética entre as linhagens nos produtos de amplificação dos loci ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 do rDNA com os primers ITS1 e ITS4. Todos os marcadores empregados, foram eficientes em demonstrar o alto grau de polimorfismo genético, constatado pela formação de grupos altamente diversificados, sem apresentar correlação entre os hospedeiros. Os aspectos macroscópicos exibiram uma variação na coloração, textura e segregação de setores nas colônias, e as observações microscópicas demonstraram a formação de estruturas vegetativas e reprodutivas peculiares da espécie. A condição nuclear investigada através da técnica de HCl-Giemsa, evidenciou conídios 100% uninucleados

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-12-20T16:03:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Luciana Cristina Vitorino - 2015.pdf: 8226538 bytes, checksum: 818b91ae152e61751eb80f72e40d2ef6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-12-26T13:21:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Luciana Cristina Vitorino - 2015.pdf: 8226538 bytes, checksum: 818b91ae152e61751eb80f72e40d2ef6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-26T13:21:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Luciana Cristina Vitorino - 2015.pdf: 8226538 bytes, checksum: 818b91ae152e61751eb80f72e40d2ef6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / There is strong evidence that the Neotropical vegetation has been influenced by climate changes at the end of the Tertiary and Quaternary. The response of vegetation to the cold weather and dry these periods, consistent with the occurrence of the last glacial maximum, still remains in debate. It is suggested that the areas currently occupied by the Cerrado and seasonal forests (SDTFs) are remnants of a continuous vegetation that existed in the past. From the perspective of that species widely distributed in savannas and Brazilian SDTFs could help unravel the role of climate change Pleistocene on the current distribution pattern of genetic diversity in these vegetation types, we sampled 17 populations of Tabebuia serratifolia in SDTFs and 24 populations Tabebuia ochracea in savannas and sequenced intergenic non-coding regions of chloroplast (psbA-trnH, trnG-trnS e trnC-ycf6) as well as the nuclear region ITS (nrDNA). Later, we used coalescent analysis, Ecological Niche Modeling techniques (ENM) and simulations of demographic hypothesis for these species in an attempt to broaden the understanding of the changes undergone by neotropical landscape during the last ice age cycles. The sampled populations for both species showed high genetic diversity for both markers (hcpDNA = 0.8731 and hnrDNA = 0.7723 - T. serratifolia and hcpDNA = 0.927 and hnrDNA = 0.637 - T. ochracea), and large structure (Fst(cpDNA) = 0.528, P < 0.001 and Fst(ITS) = 0.742, P < 0.001 - T. serratifolia and Fst(cpDNA) = 0.742, P < 0.001 and Fst(ITS) = 0.544, P < 0.001 - T. ochracea). The coalescing analysis showed the time to the most recent common ancestor between haplotypes of the sampled populations, oldest to T. serratifolia (~ 3.4 Ma - 95% CI 1.9 - 6.8), which for T. ochracea (~ 1.9 Ma - 95% CI 0.1 - 2.3). The two species show standard recent population expansion and the niche modeling revealed for the T. serratifolia a higher potential distribution area during Holoceno medium while for T. ochracea the highest suitability area was predicted for maximum glacial last (LGM - 21ka), going in favor the hypothesis that the savannas and STDFs have submitted in the past, a wider distribution than currently known. / Há fortes evidências de que a vegetação Neotropical tenha sido influenciada por alterações climáticas ocorridas no final do período Terciário e no Quaternário. A resposta da vegetação ao clima mais frio e seco desses períodos, condizente com a ocorrência do último máximo glacial, ainda permanece em debate. Sugere-se que as áreas atualmente ocupadas pelo Cerrado e florestas estacionais (SDTFs) sejam remanescentes de uma vegetação contínua que existia no passado. Sob a perspectiva de que espécies amplamente distribuídas em savanas e SDTFs brasileiras pudessem ajudar a desvendar o papel das mudanças climáticas do Pleistoceno sobre o padrão atual de distribuição da diversidade genética nessas formações vegetais, nós amostramos 17 populações de Tabebuia serratifolia em SDTFs e 24 populações de Tabebuia ochracea em savanas e sequenciamos regiões intergênicas não codificantes de cloroplasto (psbA-trnH, trnG-trnS e trnC-ycf6), bem como a região nuclear ITS (rDNA). Posteriormente, utilizamos análises coalescentes, técnicas de Modelagem de Nicho Ecológico (ENM) e simulações de hipóteses demográficas para essas espécies, na tentativa de ampliar o entendimento das mudanças sofridas pela paisagem neotropical durante os últimos ciclos de glaciação. As populações amostradas para as duas espécies apresentaram alta diversidade genética para ambos os marcadores (hcpDNA = 0.8731 e hnrDNA = 0.7723 – T. serratifolia e hcpDNA = 0.927 e hnrDNA = 0.637 – T. ochracea), e grande estruturação (Fst(cpDNA) = 0.528, P < 0.001 e Fst(ITS) = 0.742, P < 0.001 – T. serratifolia e Fst(cpDNA) = 0.742, P < 0.001 e Fst(ITS) = 0.544, P < 0.001 – T. ochracea). As análises coalescentes mostraram um tempo para o ancestral comum mais recente, entre os haplótipos das populações amostradas, mais antigo para T. serratifolia (~3.4 Ma - 95% CI 1.9 - 6.8), que para T. ochracea (~1.9 Ma - 95% CI 0.1 - 2.3). As duas espécies apresentaram padrão de expansão populacional recente sendo que a modelagem de nicho revelou, para T. serratifolia, maior área de distribuição potencial durante o Holoceno médio enquanto que para T. ochracea a maior área de adequabilidade foi predita para o último glacial máximo (LGM – 21ka), indo de encontro à hipótese de que as savanas e as STDFs possam ter apresentado, no passado, uma distribuição mais ampla que a conhecida atualmente.

The principal goal of my study was to find if ecologically and chemically different populations of lichens in the Physconia muscigena (Ach.) Poelt group belong to several species or a single one. This study focused on the molecular and chemical investigations of mostly European and Canadian populations. I use sequence data from three genes (ITS rDNA, mtSSU rDNA and TEF1) for the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees. I investigate phylogenetic relationships among the closely related species P. muscigena, P. bayeri, P. rossica, and P. isidiomuscigena. Also, I wanted to detect any possible geographical or ecological trends among chemotypes and haplotypes. As an additional goal I checked the recent localities of P. muscigena in the Czech Republic for valorising its conservation status. Results show that: (1) sequenced data of ITS rDNA and TEF1 show high intraspecific variability in P. muscigena samples. This genetic variability does not correlate neither with geographical distribution nor thallus chemistry; (2) P. bayeri is synonymous with P. muscigena; (3) some samples P. muscigena contain new undetermined secondary metabolite, (4) Physconia muscigena has only three recent localities in Czech Republic. Key words: Physconia muscigena, Physconia bayeri, infraspecific variability, taxonomy, TEF1, ITS...

~ 1 ~ TITLE Development of strenght skills trought Calisthenics. AUTHOR Bc. Michal Kalimon DEPARTMENT Department of physical education SUPERVISOR PhDr. Martin Dlouhý, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The basis of thesis is describe Calisthenics principes, functions and goals. The result is to clarify whether leads Calisthenic which is exercise with your own weight to develop strength skills. KEYWORDS Key words: Calisthenics, strenght skills, exercise with its own weight

Psora decipiens is a characteristic species of the terricolous lichen community Toninio-Psoretum decipientis distributed mostly on calcareous or basic substrates. The community consists in various modifications of lichens Placidium squamulosum, Toninia sedifolia, T. opuntioides, Fulgensia fulgens, F. bracteata and others. Photobionts of the lichen Psora decipiens were determined. Psora decipiens shared with Placidium sp. the single photobiont species, a common terrestrial alga Myrmecia israeliensis. Cloning of ITS rDNA revealed high intrathalline variability in M. israeliensis within a single lichen thallus. Several genotypes were often found in a thallus, uncovering either a high mutation rate of the algae or constant relichenization processes. Saxicolous Psora species (P. testacea, P. himalayana, P. valesiaca and P. rubiformis) had M. biatorellae as a photobiont, indicating a possible photobiont influence on substrate specifity of Psora lichens. Finally, the proper methodology used for identification of lichen photobionts is discussed. For a correct photobiont identification, morphological investigations of intrathaline diversity combined with coherent molecular techniques are needed. Such procedure was not applied in the former studies of Psora decipiens, resulting in a poor characterization of...

Die Familie der Physciaceen (lichenisierte Ascomyceten) und deren kompatible Photobionten wurden mit Hilfe von nrITS-Sequenzierungen untersucht. Es wurde Frisch- oder Herbarmaterial bearbeitet, das weltweit gesammelt worden war und 23 der 27 Physciaceengattngen repräsentierte. Die Sequenzdaten erlaubten eine differenzierte taxonomische Bearbeitung beider Biontengruppen. Basale Linien der Physciaceenphylogenie waren eng korreliert mit der Verteilung mehrerer phänotypischer Merkmale. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Caliciaceen, eine andere Flechtenfamilie, die Schwestergruppe zu einer der vier Hauptlinien der Physciaceen bilden. Alle Proben der Physciaceen waren mit Algen aus der Gattung Trebouxia assoziiert. Ein Datensatz von über 300 Trebouxia nrITS-Sequenzen wurde zusammengestellt, der eine zuvor ungekannte Diversität innerhalb der Gattung Trebouxia repräsentiert. Die Taxonomie dieser Gattung wurde revidiert und ein System zur Abgrenzung und Zuordnung von nrITS-Varianten vorgeschlagen, das eine Strukturierung der gefundenen Diversität erlaubt. Viele der untersuchten Physciaceenarten erschienen hoch selektiv in Bezug auf ihre kompatiblen Photobionten. Im Gegensatz dazu konnte bei keinem der Photobionten eine Beschränkung auf nur eine Mycobiontenlinie gezeigt werden. Die Beschränkung vieler Mycobionten auf einen bestimmten Photobionten wurde als eine ökologische Abhängigkeit des Mycobionten von seinem kompatiblen Photobionten interpretiert. Daher wurde untersucht, ob Artbildungsereignisse in Trebouxia, Artbildungsereignisse in den assoziierten Physciaceen auslösen können. In einem Vergleich der Trebouxia- mit der Physciaceenphylogenie konnten jedoch keine korrelierten Verzweigungsmuster festgestellt werden. Hauptlinien der Trebouxien waren allerdings mit Umweltparametern, wie z.B. Substrat-pH und Makroklima korreliert. Die Evolution der Physciaceen war von diesen Faktoren offensichtlich deutlich weniger abhängig.Die nrSSU-Gene der Physciaceen enthielten mehr Introns als die aller anderen bekannter Organismengruppen. Der einzigartige Datensatz konnte genutzt werden, um konservierte Regionen innerhalb dieser Introns zu identifizieren. Auf diese konservierten Regionen konnten Primer konstruiert werden, die mit allen Introns einer Insertionsstelle kompatibel waren. Mit Hilfe dieser Primer konnten Introns detektiert werden, die bei der nrSSU-Sequenzierung unerkannt geblieben waren.

There are still many challenges in the field of VANETs that encouraged researchers to conduct further investigation in this field to meet these challenges. The issue pertaining to routing protocols such as delivering the warning messages to the vehicles facing Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) situations without causing the storm problem and channel contention, is regarded as a serious dilemma which is required to be tackled in VANET, especially in congested environments. This requires the designing of an efficient mechanism of routing protocol that can broadcast the warning messages from the emergency vehicles to the vehicles under NLOS, reducing the overhead and increasing the packet delivery ratio with a reduced time delay and channel utilisation. The main aim of this work is to develop the novel routing protocol for a high-density environment in VANET through utilisation of its high mobility features, aid of the sensors such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and Navigation System (NS). In this work, the cooperative approach has been used to develop the routing protocol called the Co-operative Volunteer Protocol (CVP), which uses volunteer vehicles to disseminate the warning message from the source to the target vehicle under NLOS issue; this also increases the packet delivery ratio, detection of NLOS and resolution of NLOS by delivering the warning message successfully to the vehicle under NLOS, thereby causing a direct impact on the reduction of collisions between vehicles in normal mode and emergency mode on the road near intersections or on highways. The cooperative approach adopted for warning message dissemination reduced the rebroadcast rate of messages, thereby decreasing significantly the storm issue and the channel contention. A novel architecture has been developed by utilising the concept of a Context-Aware System (CAS), which clarifies the OBU components and their interaction with each other in order to collect data and take the decisions based on the sensed circumstances. The proposed architecture has been divided into three main phases: sensing, processing and acting. The results obtained from the validation of the proposed CVP protocol using the simulator EstiNet under specific conditions and parameters showed that performance of the proposed protocol is better than that of the GRANT protocol with regard to several metrics such as packet delivery ratio, neighbourhood awareness, channel utilisation, overhead and latency. It is also successfully shown that the proposed CVP could detect the NLOS situation and solves it effectively and efficiently for both the intersection scenario in urban areas and the highway scenario.

L'objectif de cette thèse était d'étudier la biogéographie et l'évolution de deux groupes de plantes en Iran: Verbascum et Artemisia. Pour réaliser cet objectif, plusieurs phylogénies moléculaires ont été construits pour chacun de ces deux genres, et plusieurs caractères morphologiques ont été analysés. Les échantillons pour cette thèse ont été collectés en Iran au cours de mission de terrain et comparés aux spécimens d'herbier de plusieurs herbiers en Europe et en Iran. Cette étude a permis la collecte de presque toutes les espèces d'Iran. Pour les études moléculaires des feuilles ont été prélevées et conservées dans du silica-gel, à partir duquel l'ADN a été extrait et séquencé pour plusieurs régions. Pour Verbascum nous avons construit une phylogénie moléculaire comprenant 77 taxons représentant 38 espèces, à l'aide de la région nucléaire (ITS) et de quatre régions chloroplastiques (trnL-F, trnS-G, trnH-psbA et matK en partie). Les caractères morphologiques utilisés pour délimiter les groupes taxonomiques dans ce grand genre ont été examinées attentivement et comparées à la phylogénie moléculaire. Nous avons construit une autre phylogénie pour Artemisia avec seulement deux régions nucléaires ITS et ETS, en raison de l'insuffisance de résolution des marqueurs chloroplastiques pour ce genre. Nous avons pu inclure 48 taxa dans notre analyse, 22 en provenance d'Iran et 26 en provenance de Turquie. Comme de nombreuses études ont déjà été menées sur Artemisia, nous avons inclus nos séquences dans une grande phylogénie, incluant presque toutes les séquences publiées lors d'études précédentes en vue de construire un cadre phylogénétique robuste pour notre étude et de juger de l'apport des espèces turques et iraniennes à la phylogénie d'Artemisia. Les résultats de la phylogénie moléculaire de Verbascum montrent qu'il s'agit d'un genre monophylétique, mais n'a pas permis de proposer de classification infra-générique en accord avec la classification de Murbeck (1933) ou d'Huber-Morath (1981). Certains des caractères clés proposées par ces auteurs sont plésiomorphes et seule une combinaison de caractères peut aider à faire quelques regroupement. Au cours de cette étude deux espèces nouvelles ont été décrites: V. shahsavarensis et V. parsana et des espèces sont notées pour la première fois en Iran. L'inclusion des espèces iranienness et turques d'Artemisia a permis d'élargir les études existantes particulièrement pauvres en espèces provenant de ces deux régions. Les résultats phylogénétiques pour Artemisia ont montré que la région ETS fournit plus de sites variables et potentiellement informatifs qu'ITS. Cependant l'ajout de taxons iraniens et turcs n'a pas résolu les problèmes de délimitation des lignées majeures d'Artemisia et les résultats largement congruents avec les études précédentes. En outre, nos résultats confirment la décision d'inclure dans Artemisia certaines espèces comme Sphaeromeria capitata (A. capitata) et Sphaeromeria argentea (A. macarthuri) dans le genre Artemisia. En conclusion ce travail apporte des données nouvelles pour un genre peu étudié comme Verbascum et pour Artemisia des données sur des espèces non incluses précédemment dans les phylogénies d'Artemisia. Globalement cette étude a aussi démontré que les caractères morphologiques ne suffisent pas à définir de classification sub-générique dans ces deux genres et indiquent clairement que certains sous-genres ou des sections d'Artemisia comme Verbascum , exigent des changements dans leur délimitation. / The purpose of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the biogeography and evolution of two groups of plants in Iran: Verbascum and Artemisia. To fulfill this objective, molecular phylogenies were built for these two genera and morphological characters were analyzed. Samples were collected in Iran during field trips and compared to herbarium specimens from several herbaria in Europe and Iran. During this survey nearly all species from Iran were collected. For molecular studies they were collected in silica-gel, from which DNA was extracted and sequenced for several regions. For Verbascum we constructed a phylogeny with 77 taxa representing 38 species and sequenced them with Nuclear (ITS) and four chloroplastic regions (trnL-F, trnS-G, trnH-psbA and partial matK). Morphological characters used to delimits taxonomic groups in this large genus were closely examined and compared to the molecular phylogeny. We built another phylogeny for Artemisia with only nuclear regions ITS and ETS due to the lack of resolution of chloroplastic markers for this genus. We were able to include 48 taxa in our analysis, 22 from Iran and we added 26 from Turkey. As many studies have already been conducted on Artemisia, we also included them into a large phylogeny, with almost all the previous published sequences of Artemisia to establish a robust phylogenetic framework. The results from Verbascum's molecular phylogeny showed this is a monophyletic genus, but it cannot confirm the previous sub-genera classification provided by Murbeck (1933) and Huber-Morath (1981). Our result showed that some of the key characters proposed by those authors are plesiomorphic and probably only a combination of character states can help to do some grouping. During the survey of Verbascum species, some new records for Iran and two news species were encountered: V. shahsavarensis and V. parsana. The inclusion of Iranian and Turkish species of Artemisia widened the existing studies particularly poor in species from both regions. The phylogenetic results of Artemisia showed that partial ETS could provide more variable and potentially informative sites than the whole ITS. However the addition of Iranian and Turkish taxa did not produce topology conflicts among the major Artemisia lineages and results largely agreed with previous studies with a few exceptions. Also, our results confirm the decision to sink some species like Sphaeromeria capitata (A. capitata) and Sphaeromeria argentea (A. macarthuri) into the genus Artemisia. This work brought new data to a poorly known genus, Verbascum in that region and added species not included previously in phylogenies for Artemisia. Overal this study showed that morphological characters alone are not enough to define subgeneric classification. The result of Verbascum pave the way for future investigations, and Artemisia analysis clearly states that some subgenus or sections of Artemisia, require changes in their delimitation.

Continuously monitoring and automatically identifying existing problems in traffic signal operation is a challenging and time-consuming task. Although data are becoming available due to the adoption of emerging detection technologies, efforts on utilizing the data to diagnose signal control are limited. The current practices of retiming signals are still periodic and based on several days of aggregated turning movement counts. This dissertation developed a framework of automatic signal operation diagnosis with the aim to support decision-making processes by assessing the signal control and identifying the signal retiming needs. The developed framework used a combination of relatively low-cost data from Wi-Fi sensors and historical signal timing records from existing signal controllers. The development involved applying multiple data matching and filtering algorithms to allow the estimation of travel times of vehicular traversals. The Travel Time Index (TTI) was then used as a measure to assess the traffic conditions of various movements. Historical signal timing records were also analyzed, and an additional signal-timing measure, referred to as the Max-out Ratio (MR), was proposed to evaluate the frequency in which the green time demand of a phase exceeded its preset value. Thresholds for the TTI and MR variables were used as a basis for the diagnosis. This diagnosis first identified the needs for assigning additional green times for individual signal phases. Further assessments were then made to determine whether or not the cycle length for the entire intersection or capacity was sufficient. The developed framework was implemented in a real-world signalized intersection and proved to be capable of identifying retiming needs, as well as providing support for the retiming process. Compared to field observations, the diagnosis results were able to reflect the signal operations of most of the movements during various time periods. Moreover, the flexibility of the developed framework allows users to select different thresholds for various movements and times of day, and thus customize the analysis to agency needs.