<p> A relatively simple climatic model based on the energy balance has been used to examine the climatic responses due to increases in carbon dioxide CO2. Simulations concerning the CO2 concentration, the cloud fraction and the ocean's mixed-layer depth were all performed using an IBM-PC personal computer. The results were intended to provide a better understanding of the processes involved in an EBM, as well as the importance of this type of model in simulating climatic responses. There were four main areas of study within the research centred around both a decrease and an increase in CO2 concentration, changes in the cloud fraction and the influence of the ocean's mixed-layer. </p> <p> The role of the oceans in the climate system is still somewhat of a mystery to most scientists. in terms of its affect on a CO2 enhanced climate. Changes in the cloud fraction serve either to enhance or suppress the effect of CO2 on the surface temperature of the planet. This is dependant on whether the amount of cloud is reduced or increased. The focus of the study is based on the changes in carbon dioxide concentration levels. Simulations confirm, that when CO2 is reduced. the surface temperature will decrease as well. When CO is halved. the temperature decrease is 2.51 ° C. In contrast, when CO2 is doubled the surface temperature rose by 2.91 °C . Thus. causing the present clay climate of the model to warm drastically. </p> <p> The reliability of the results proved to be difficult to assess. The model tends to overestimate decreases in temperature when co~ is reduced in content. However. Burt's model does seem to accurately represent increases in temperature for 2x CO2 .The simulation results fall within a range defined by the results of selected radiative convective models (RCM). Nevertheless. there is a need for increased research in the area of effects. produced by other parameters on a CO2 enhanced climate. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

No description available.

Remote personal computer communication with IBM mainframes is often confined to low throughput (less than 19,200 baud), asynchronous serial lines managed by the mainframe through 3270 protocol converters. The capabilities of the personal computer are under utilized and limited to terminal emulation and file transfer. For such an environment, a software solution is presented to improve the computing platform between IBM mainframes and personal computers without modifying any existing, intervening communication equipment. Transparent communication support for distributed, interactive applications is provided through the operation of a data link control protocol. The communication services are applied to the development of a distributed WYSIWYG page previewer for SCRIPT/VS. / Master of Science

Multitasking systems are being used increasingly for real-time applications. Multitasking is suited very well for real-time systems since events in the real world do not occur in strict sequence but rather tend to overlap. Multitasking operating systems coordinate the activities of the different overlapping functions and give the user the appearance of concurrent activity. The coordination and scheduling is performed according to a user defined order of importance or priority. There are many multi tasking operating systems available for all the popular microprocessors. One such multitasking executive is VRTX/86 for the 8086 microprocessor. This executive comes in a PROM and is independent of any specific hardware configuration. Using this executive the IBM PC has been converted into a multitasking environment and multitasking test programs have been executed on the PC. A general methodology for defining tasks and assigning priorities to these tasks has been defined. Using this methodology a typical real-time application called a Vehicle Instrumentation System was developed. / M.S.

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<p>This dissertation investigates the influence of spatially explicit animal behavior active subsidy distribution patterns. Active subsidies are animal-transported consumption and resources transfers from donor to recipient ecosystems. Active subsidies influence ecosystem structure, function and services in recipient ecosystems. Even though active subsidies affect ecosystem dynamics, most ecosystem models consider the influence of spatially-explicit animal behavior on active subsidy distributions, limiting the ability to predict corresponding spatial impacts across ecosystems. Spatial subsidy research documents the need for systematic models and analyses frameworks to provide generally insights into the relationship between animal space use behavior and active subsidy patterns, and advance knowledge of corresponding ecosystem impacts for a variety of taxa and ecological scenarios.</p> <p> </p> <p>To advance spatial subsidy research, this dissertation employs a combined individual-based and movement ecology approach in abstract modeling frameworks to systematically investigate the influence of 1) animal movement behavior given mortality (chapter 2), 2) animal sociality (chapter 3) and 3) landscape heterogeneity (chapter 4) on active subsidy distribution. This dissertation shows that animal movement behavior, sociality and landscape heterogeneity influence the extent and intensity of active distribution and impacts in recipient ecosystems. Insights from this dissertation demonstrate that accounting for these factors in the development of ecosystem models will consequentially enhance their utility for predicting active subsidy spatial patterns and impacts. This dissertation advances spatial subsidy research by providing a road map for developing a comprehensive, unifying framework of the relationship between animal behavior and active subsidy distributions.</p>

This thesis focuses on the area of competitive intelligence with the emphasis on new possibilities and opportunities in relation to modern social networks. First it gives general analysis of the current state of competitive intelligence market as a whole and then deals with individual major leaders and their products, thus providing detailed overview of this business segment. It also discusses the possibilities of using social networks and other social or soft sources for competitive intelligence. Practical part of the thesis then demonstrates the theoretical knowledge on a real life CI project, which took place in early 2012 in cooperation with experts from IBM, including some interesting results and findings in appendix. The whole chapter can be used as a reference model for future projects with similar goals.

La clonalité chez les plantes correspond à la multiplication par voie végétative. Un individu clonal est constitué de l'ensemble de ses descendants, génétiquement identiques et potentiellement indépendants (ramets), généralement reliés entre eux par des connexions. L'intégration clonale confère aux plantes des propriétés particulières dont les principales sont la capacité à coloniser l'espace via différents types d'architectures, le stockage et le partage de ressources entre les ramets. Les plantes clonales dominent la matrice herbacée en prairies pâturées. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle le pâturage favorise les traits clonaux conférant aux plantes des capacités de résistance, notamment à la défoliation (i.e. pertes de tissus aériens) qu'il génère. Cette hypothèse a été testée au travers d'une approche pluridisciplinaire, combinant écologie des communautés, écophysiologie et modélisation. Des relevés de terrain réalisés en prairies naturelles ont montré que le pâturage génère une défoliation homogène à l'échelle du fragment clonal (inférieure à un mètre) et agit comme un filtre sur les traits clonaux. L'étude couplée de la composition floristique et des traits clonaux, issus de base de données ou mesurés expérimentalement, suggère que le pâturage favorise les formes stolonifères et cespiteuses, tandis que les formes rhizomateuses dominent en conditions non pâturées. De plus, les coûts associés à la défoliation homogène limitent l'investissement dans la propagation clonale. La plasticité architecturale en réponse à la défoliation expérimentale s'avère néanmoins dépendante de contraintes structurales propres à l'espèce. Par conséquent, il n'y a pas de convergence vers un seul type d'architecture, mais il semble, au contraire, qu'une diversité d'architectures puisse s'exprimer en prairies pâturées. Enfin, bien que le pâturage défavorise les organes souterrains spécialisés dans le stockage (rhizomes), la constitution de réserves carbonées dans la base des tiges des ramets serait impliquée dans la résistance au pâturage. D'après les résultats de simulations numériques, les formes clonales optimales en absence de défoliation et sous défoliation homogène sont similaires et tendent à produire des réseaux agrégés de ramets. Au contraire, des conditions de défoliation hétérogènes favoriseraient la dispersion spatiale des ramets. De manière générale, le pâturage semble favoriser les formes clonales permettant de maximiser l'occupation de l'espace et la constitution de stocks de réserves rapidement mobilisables pour la repousse suite à la défoliation, tout en limitant l'investissement dans les structures clonales coûteuses.

Cloud computing has been given a great deal of attention during recent years. Almost all the technology market leaders and leading hosting service providers (like IBM, Microsoft and Verizon) have entered into the Cloud market as Cloud Providers. Cloud computing promises to provide highly available, secure, low cost, agile and highly scalable solution to the consumers. Scania is a global company and one of the world’s leading heavy vehicle manufacturers with 35,000+ employees. All the large organizations such as Scania, aim to constantly update themselves with the latest technology in order to meet their business requirements but, these organizations must always be convinced that there is a strong reason(s) to implement new technology. This research provides the method and criteria in relation to initiating Cloud computing. A number of Scania’s specific business requirements that it is possible to map to the Cloud are addressed in this thesis. The methodology of research is split in two parts. Firstly, the identification of business cases at Scania and their requirements with the Cloud and Secondly, the evaluation and comparison of the functionalities and capabilities of different vendors. The accumulated data is then compared and suitable vendors, according to those business requirements are suggested. This thesis also shares the experience of moving on premise applications to the Cloud. These are Scania specific applications which are currently being hosted in-house. The research also addresses the possibilities of portability between the Cloud providers. Although there is no standardization in relation to Cloud computing, some initiatives such as OpenStack are available and its current position and some application and data migration tools are also discussed. The thesis concludes with a general discussion, recommendations in relation to adapting Cloud computing and selecting the Cloud provider. This recommendation applies to every organization including Scania.