Today the Internet is used more and more as a transportation for information. Much of the information is confidential and should not be read by those not privileged. To protect the information from unauthorized access cryptography can be applied. The cryptography algorithms in use today all have their pros and cons. They are therefore suited for different applications. We've compared three different cryptography algorithms RSA, DES and IDEA. What we've focused on is the level of security the algorithms give. DES and IDEA are symmetrical algorithms and as such they use the same key for encryption and decryption. RSA on the other hand is an asymmetrical algorithm. Asymmetrical algorithms use two keys, one for encryption and the other for decryption. The factor that is most decisive for the algorithms security is the length of the key that is used. What is interesting concerning the keys is that security increases linearly for the symmetrical algorithms, as the key length increases. For asymmetrical algorithms it increases on an expontiell curve. RSA has got a big advantage compared to DES and IDEA. The advantage is key management. RSA can be used to exchange symmetrical keys in a safe way. The big disadvantage of RSA is that it's very slow to use. According to measurements that we have seen it is about 3 to 4 times slower then DES and IDEA during encryption, when using a key length of 1024 bits. At decryption RSA is about 120 times slower using a key length of 1024 bits. DES on the other hand is slower then newer symmetrical algorithms such as IDEA. This makes it uncalled for to use it in it?s original shape as it?s obsolete and insecure. Using DES will only give a false sense of security, unless the information doesn't need to be secure for more then a short time period. IDEA offers high using it's 128 bits key and it's also the fastest of the two symmetrical algorithms, compared to the level of security that it offers. IDEA today has no known weaknesses and it has not been broken. Of the three IDEA is the best choice to use when it concerns cryptography of information, for example information which is stored on a hard disc, or information that is sent in e-commerce.

Both myths and theories have, over time, been involved in shaping the importance of what leadership can mean. The depth devoted to leadership, the more complex the concept becomes. Power is also an abstract concept and should be included when studying leadership. Furthermore, several researchers ask the question whether a female leader can be considered without being related to the man. With this as a background, the purpose of the study has been founded, which is to study the beliefs that leaders in a managerial position have about leadership and power. We also want to illustrate whether these performances differ depending on whether the leader in the management position is a man or woman. In order to be able to answer this, the concepts of leadership, power and gender are concretized in the theoretical frame of reference. Furthermore, the previous research focuses on studies carried out with the aim of highlighting gender differences within organizations. The study is based on a qualitative method based on six semi-structured interviews. The results of the study show that there is a context that determines which leadership should prevail and that differences in beliefs about leadership and power exist between male and female leaders in a management position. / Såväl myter som teorier har genom tiden varit med och format betydelsen av vad ledarskap kan innebära. Ju mer fördjupning som ägnas åt ledarskap, desto mer komplex blir begreppet. Makt är även det ett abstrakt begrepp och bör inkluderas när ledarskap studeras. Vidare ställer flertal forskare frågan om en kvinnlig ledare kan beaktas utan att sättas i relation till mannen. Med detta som bakgrund har studiens syfte grundats, vilket är att studera föreställningar som ledare i en chefsposition har kring ledarskap och makt. Vi vill även åskådliggöra om dessa föreställningarna skiljer sig åt beroende på om ledaren i chefspositionen är en man eller kvinna. För att kunna besvara detta konkretiseras begreppen ledarskap, makt och kön i den teoretiska referensramen. Vidare fokuserar den tidigare forskningen på studier som utförts i syfte att belysa könsskillnader inom organisationer. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod som bygger på sex stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiens resultat visar på att det är kontext som bestämmer vilket ledarskap som skall råda samt att skiljaktigheter i föreställningar om ledarskap och makt finns mellan manliga- och kvinnliga ledare i en chefsposition.

Syftet med detta arbete är att ta reda på hur lärare på gymnasiet ser på undervisning i linjär ekvationslösning och hur de utvecklar elevers förståelser och förmågor. Vi har genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem lärare på tre olika gymnasieskolor i södra Skåne.  De intervjuade lärarna använder en mängd olika metoder för att undervisa linjär ekvationslösning, t ex god metod, konkretisering och balansmodellen för att nämna några exempel.

El mundo digital está en continuo desarrollo y cada vez nos presenta un cumulo de opciones que satisfacen las necesidades de los usuarios. Una de estas necesidades es la adquisición de útiles escolares y de oficina de manera rápida y segura. A todos nos ha sucedido que requerimos de un material escolar de forma inmediata y no tenemos un lugar cercano donde comprarlo, es por ello que se creó una idea de negocio que satisfaga esa necesidad. Esta idea fue llamada UtilYa. El objetivo de este proyecto es proveer al mercado limeño de una opción válida de compra y reparto de útiles escolares y de oficina de manera virtual. Con ello les presentamos un formato didáctico para comprar útiles y les ofrecemos nuestro servicio de entrega a sus domicilios. Para la sustentación de este proyecto se han realizado múltiples experimentos. En primer lugar, se ha validado que de verdad existe la necesidad antes comentada. Luego, se validó las posibles soluciones y los concierge del proyecto. Finalmente, lo que nos resultó más importante fue validar el canal de atención y comunicación con nuestros clientes; al igual que validar las intenciones de compra. Teniendo esto en cuenta, ponemos a disposición de los lectores tomar como ejemplo nuestro proyecto para futuras ideas de negocio que puedan ser sostenibles en el tiempo y que sean innovadoras en todo sentido. / The digital world is in continuous development and every time it presents us with a series of options that satisfy the needs of the users. One of these needs is the acquisition of school and office supplies quickly and safely. It has happened to all of us that we require a school material immediately and we do not have a nearby place to buy it, which is why we created a business idea that satisfies that need. This idea was called UtilYa. The objective of this project is to provide Lima´s market with a valid option to purchase and distribute school and office supplies in a virtual way. With this we present a didactic space to buy supplies and we also offer our delivery service. Multiple experiments have been carried out to support this project. First of all, it has been validated that the need mentioned above really exists. Then, the possible solutions were validated and the way the project could be presented. Finally, what was most important to us was to validate the customer service and the communication channel; as well as validate purchase intentions. With this in mind, we make it available to readers to take as an example our project for future business ideas that can be sustainable over time and that are innovative in every way. / Trabajo de investigación

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The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between parents of children with exceptionalities and educational professionals. The guiding question of this study was: How do parents of children with exceptionalities describe their relationships with educational professionals? Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological theory and Crockett's (2002) star model for Special Education Planning provided the framework for this qualitative inquiry. Methods included a content analysis of four decades of journal abstracts depicting the past voices of parents of exceptional children. This historical review spanned articles about the following topics: a child's exceptionality being the result of physical or social heredity; educators as experts who train parents; the involvement of parents sought in certain instances; and, finally, professionals seeking out parental impressions and perspectives of educational practices. Current voices of 14 parents of children with exceptionalities were captured by individual and group interviews, as well as observations at an open parent meeting led by state officials. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the qualitative data. The study found current parental dissatisfaction, mainly concerning their relationships with general education professionals. The study's findings were grouped into four thematic categories: Communication, Caring, Competence, and Continuity. A model of parent-professional relationships depicting these categories was developed to inform both special and regular educators of parents' concerns, and, to assist in the establishment and maintenance of ongoing positive relationships. / Ph. D.

This thesis investigation an project design were driven by the desire to develop an understanding of how architecture addresses the senses. Guided by the practice of a craft, the vestige of art, architectural history and precedent, and the physiology of the five senses, an idea for a thermal bath was expressed through material. This book is a record of that process. / Master of Architecture

This body of work is composed of three individual papers that each seek to explain individual differences in creative cognition. Paper 1 used structural equation modeling to examine the ways in which creative problem solving and creative idea generation relate or differ. Results from Paper 1 demonstrate that divergent thinking and creative problem solving are best represented as a bifactor model, bearing distinct domain-specific factors, as well as a shared domain-general factor. Though working memory and fluency of memory retrieval explained significant portions of the domain-specific constructs, they only explained ~2% of variance in the domain-general factor. Paper 2 explores the idea that domain-general creativity can be attributed to the structure of one’s knowledge. Semantic networks were developed and compared across high and low general creativity, divergent thinking, creative problem solving, and working memory. Results indicated that, in general, a looser network structure is more amenable for flexible thought processes across multiple classifications of creative ability. Paper 3 explores the idea that domain-general creativity can be attributed to one’s ability to overcome salient, prepotent responses. More specifically, Paper 3 argues that the presence of ambiguities enhances the likelihood that someone will develop a faulty mental representation that requires restructuring in order to reach the desired solution or response. Results demonstrate that overcoming ambiguities in language comprehension draws on similar processes as creative problem solving: ambiguous language comprehension predicted creative problem solving above and beyond that of working memory, fluid intelligence, or normal sentence comprehension. Importantly, this relationship was unique to creative problem solving, as the effect disappeared when predicting analytic problem solving. Together, these studies suggest that the ability to overcome ambiguities and the organization of one’s semantic knowledge are both critical components underlying creativity. More generally, this work has highlighted the ways in which domain-specific and domain-general processes are unique or shared across different measures of creativity, and researchers should be aware of these relationships as they work to advance the creativity literature.