<p>Designmönster är beprövade och återanvändbara designlösningar på återkommande designproblem inom en viss kontext. Designmönster handlar om att inte behöva uppfinna hjulet om och om igen. Designmönster fångar lösningar och kunskap inom mjukvaruutveckling.</p><p>Vi har försökt beskriva och förstå hur IFS och Intentia tar sig an arbetet som omfattas i våra frågeställningar. Våra frågeställningar har varit hur designmönster kan hittas, dokumenteras</p><p>och katalogiseras samt hur designmönster kan spridas till medarbetare.</p><p>Vi har i denna undersökning anslutit oss till de tankegångar som finns inom hermeneutiken och vi har därför valt att använda oss av en kvalitativ metodteori, vars drag ligger mer åt det</p><p>hermeneutiska perspektivet. Vi har genomfört intervjuer med representanter från ovan nämnda företag.</p><p>Undersökningen har visat att bägge företagen har grupper med erfarna utvecklare som finner nya designmönster. IFS dokumenterar inte sina mönster medan Intentia gör det, men dock inte enligt någon standard. Dokumenten katalogiseras på ett intranät. IFS katalogiserar inte sina</p><p>mönster, men de kanske kommer att kategoriseras utifrån sin funktionella tillhörighet. Intentia kategoriserar sina designmönster utifrån vilken typ av designmönster det är fråga om. Varje</p><p>designmönster hör till en viss grupp av designmönster. De katalogiserar ett designmönster där liknande designmönster finns. När det gäller spridningen av designmönster till medarbetarna inom företagen så hävdar IFS att själva kunskapsöverföringen i deras utvecklingsmiljö. Intentia menar att de erfarna utvecklarna i gruppen som hittar nya mönster även är skickliga på att förmedla designmönster till andra utvecklare i organisationen.</p>

Designmönster är beprövade och återanvändbara designlösningar på återkommande designproblem inom en viss kontext. Designmönster handlar om att inte behöva uppfinna hjulet om och om igen. Designmönster fångar lösningar och kunskap inom mjukvaruutveckling. Vi har försökt beskriva och förstå hur IFS och Intentia tar sig an arbetet som omfattas i våra frågeställningar. Våra frågeställningar har varit hur designmönster kan hittas, dokumenteras och katalogiseras samt hur designmönster kan spridas till medarbetare. Vi har i denna undersökning anslutit oss till de tankegångar som finns inom hermeneutiken och vi har därför valt att använda oss av en kvalitativ metodteori, vars drag ligger mer åt det hermeneutiska perspektivet. Vi har genomfört intervjuer med representanter från ovan nämnda företag. Undersökningen har visat att bägge företagen har grupper med erfarna utvecklare som finner nya designmönster. IFS dokumenterar inte sina mönster medan Intentia gör det, men dock inte enligt någon standard. Dokumenten katalogiseras på ett intranät. IFS katalogiserar inte sina mönster, men de kanske kommer att kategoriseras utifrån sin funktionella tillhörighet. Intentia kategoriserar sina designmönster utifrån vilken typ av designmönster det är fråga om. Varje designmönster hör till en viss grupp av designmönster. De katalogiserar ett designmönster där liknande designmönster finns. När det gäller spridningen av designmönster till medarbetarna inom företagen så hävdar IFS att själva kunskapsöverföringen i deras utvecklingsmiljö. Intentia menar att de erfarna utvecklarna i gruppen som hittar nya mönster även är skickliga på att förmedla designmönster till andra utvecklare i organisationen.

Thesis on comparison of management systems of food safety was created in the years 2015-2016 at the Institute of Post-Harvest Technologies of Horticultural of the Mendel University in Brno. The main objective was to discuss the risk factors for food safety. Furthermore, describe the current approaches to the health food industry. The paper compares the current management systems securing the health food industry as HACCP, BRC, IFS, ISO 22000, FSSC 22000, GLOBALG.A.P., TESCO STANDARD.

The theme of this work is to present quality standards in a chosen company, which is producing and selling non-alcoholic drinks. The following practical part has two tasks to solve. First, to prepare documentation of HACCP plan for implementation a new product, second to try to remove defect in comparison with BRC standard. Defects are : 1. missing specification forms for private labels 2. missing measuring form of customers satisfaction

In order to facilitate comprehensibility and translation, the language used in software user documentation must be standardized. If the terminology and language rules are standardized and consistent, the time and cost of translation will be reduced. For this reason, controlled languages have been developed. Controlled languages are subsets of other languages, purposely limited by restricting the terminology and grammar that is allowed. The purpose and goal of this thesis is to investigate how using a controlled language can improve comprehensibility and translatability of software user documentation written in English. In order to reach our goal, we have performed a case study at IFS AB. We specify a number of research questions that help satisfy some of the goals of IFS and, when generalized, fulfill the goal of this thesis. A major result of our case study is a list of sixteen controlled language rules. Some examples of these rules are control of the maximum allowed number of words in a sentence, and control of when the author is allowed to use past participles. We have based our controlled language rules on existing controlled languages, style guides, research reports, and the opinions of technical writers at IFS. When we applied these rules to different user documentation texts at IFS, we managed to increase the readability score for each of the texts. Also, during an assessment test of readability and translatability, the rewritten versions were chosen in 85 % of the cases by experienced technical writers at IFS. Another result of our case study is a prototype application that shows that it is possible to develop and use a software checker for helping the authors when writing documentation according to our suggested controlled language rules.

The theoretical part of the diploma work contains key principles of food safety. It includes the chapter about RASFF system and nanotechnology in food safety. Next part is about chosen food safety systems HACCP, IFS and BRC. In the practical part there is the analysis of the food safety system in the retail chain and the proposal for the more efficient one.

Cette thèse vise à améliorer la compréhension du comportement d'un cœur de réacteur à neutrons rapides refroidi au sodium (RNR-Na) par l'analyse de l'interaction fluide-structure lors de vibrations de courte durée (AURNs de Phénix) et de longe durée (séisme pour le projet ASTRID).Pour ce faire, trois approches ont été suivies : élaboration de solutions analytiques, développement de modèles numériques et réalisation d'expériences.Une solution analytique du champ de pression et de vitesse a été obtenue, pour la première fois, pour le cas d'oscillations libres et de forts confinements.Une carte d'écoulement a été réalisée pour identifier les régimes présentsdans l'inter-assemblage.Nous avons conçu et dimensionné deux maquettes, PISE-2c (2 couronnes d'assemblages hexagonaux) et PISE-1a (un assemblage). Chaque assemblage vibre en eau à une fréquence cible de quelques Hertz avec un mouvement de translation.Des essais d'oscillations libres en air et en eau ont été réalisés pourétudier les caractéristiques dynamiques de l'assemblage. Un écoulement 3D du type<< jambage >> se produit dans l'inter-assemblage, qui conduit à une baisse de lafréquence de vibration par rapport à la théorie bidimensionnelle.Les essais ont été modélisés avec un modèle numérique 2D<< Cast3M Navier-Stokes >> (équations de Navier-Stokes couplées avec l'équation de la dynamique de corps rigide).Dans les modèles 2D il faut imposer une force fluide inférieure, qui prenne en compte les effetsde l'écoulement 3D.Le modèle << Cast3M $up\phi$ >> (équationsd'Euler linéarisées couplées avec l'équation de la dynamique) a également été utilisé pourreprésenter en 3D la maquette PISE-1a. / The purpose of this study is to improve the knowledge about the core behavior of a sodium fast breeder reactor (Na-FBR) during vibrations through the fluid-structure interaction analysis. Namely, we investigate the flowering of the Phénix core during the SCRAM for negative reactivity (AURN) and the seismic behavior of the core of Astrid project. Three approaches are followed : experimental campaign, performing of analytical solution and development of numerical model. We create a flow regime map to identify the flow regimes in the fluid gap for very short times scales (as AURN) as well as longer time scales (as seismic oscillations). The most suitable equation system (Navier-Stokes, Euler or linearized Euler) is chosen to model the fluid flow in the numerical code. To our knowledge, for the first time, an analytical solution for free vibration and very narrow gaps is proposed. We designed two experimental apparatus (PISE-1a and PISE-2c) composed respectively by 1 and 19 hexagonal assemblies (two crowns) of Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA). Every PMMA assembly is fixed to a stainless steel twin-blades support allowing only orthogonal oscillations with respect to generating line of assembly. The twin-blades supports are designed to give the same range frequency of Phénix assembly in liquid sodium. The experimental equipment PISE-1a is used to determine the dynamic characteristics of PISE-2c assembly, to calibrate instrumentation and for validating our numerical model. Free vibration tests in air are performed to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the body. Free vibration experiments in water allow to assess the added mass and added damping effect on the frequency. Even though the fluid flow during vibration should be completely bidimensional, the fluid flow is affected by a 3D effect - named ’jambage’ - at the top and the basis of the assembly. This effect produces a lower frequency than the theoretical value. Tests are modeled with a bidimensional numerical model through the finite-elements method with the Cast3M code. The fluid is viscous and incompressible, whereas the structure is considered as a mass-damped-spring system with a 1 degree of freedom. Our model is solved by the Navier-Stokes equations coupled by the dynamic equation of structures. Also the « upφ model » is used to have a 3D representation of PISE-1a. Because of the 3D fluid flow presence, to reproduce the oscillation of a test, we have to impose a lower fluid force in the 2D numerical model to reproduce tests.

Numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models have shown to have a challenge to correctly simulate stable boundary layers and diurnal cycles. This aim of this study is to evaluate, describe and give suggestions for improvements of the descriptions of stable boundary layers in operational NWP models. Two papers are included. Paper I focuses on the description of the surface and the interactions between the surface and the boundary layer in COAMPSR, a regional NWP model. The soil parametrization showed to be of great importance to the structure of the boundary layer. Moreover, it showed also that a low frequency of radiation calculations caused a bias in received solar energy at the surface. In paper II, the focus is on the formulation of the turbulent transport in stable boundary layers. There, an implementation of a diffusion parametrization based on the amount of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is tested in a single column model (SCM) version of the global NWP model Integrated Forecast System (IFS). The TKE parametrization turned out to behave similarly as the currently operational diffusion parametrization in convective regimes and neutral regimes, but showed to be less diffusive in weakly stable and stable conditions. The formulations of diffusion also turned out to be very dependent on the length scale formulation. If the turbulence and the gradients of wind temperature and wind are weak, the magnitude of turbulence can enter an oscillating mode. This oscillation can be avoided with the use of a lower limit of the length scale. / Det har visat sig att det är en stor utmaning för numeriska väderprognosmodeller (NWP-modeller) att simulera stabilt skiktade atmosfäriska gränsskikt och gränsskiktets dygnscykel på ett korrekt sätt. Syftet med denna studien är att utvärdera, beskriva och ge förslag på förbättringar av beskrivningen av gränsskiktet i NWP-modeller. Studien innehåller två artiklar. Den första fokuserar på beskrivningen av markytan och interaktionen mellan marken och gränsskiktet i den regionala NWP-modellen COAMPS R . Det visade sig att beskrivningen av markytan har en signifikant inverkan på gränsskiktets struktur. Det framkom också att strålningsberäkningarna endast görs en gång i timmen vilket bland annat orsakar en bias i inkommande solinstrålning vid markytan. Den andra artikeln fokuserar på beskrivningen av den turbulenta transporten i stabila skiktade gränsskikt. En implemenering av en diffusionsparametrisering som bygger på turbulent kinetisk energy (TKE) testas i en endimensionell version av NWP-modellen Integrated Forecast System (IFS), utvecklat vid European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Den TKE-baserade diffussionsparametriseringen är likvärdigt med den nuvaran de operationella parametriseringen i neutrala och konvektiva gränsskikt, menär mindre diffusivt i stabila gränsskikt. Diffusionens intensitet är beroende påden turbulenta längdskalan. Vidare kan turbulensen i TKE-formuleringen hamna i ett oscillerande läge om turbulensen är svag samtidigt som temperatur- och vindgradienten är kraftig. Denna oscillation kan förhindras om längdskalans minsta tillåtna värde begränsas.

In the context of fractal geometry, the natural extension of volume in Euclidean space is given by Hausdorff and packing measures. These measures arise naturally in the context of iterated function systems (IFS). For example, if the IFS is finite and conformal, then the Hausdorff and packing dimensions of the limit sets agree and the corresponding Hausdorff and packing measures are positive and finite. Moreover, the map which takes the IFS to its dimension is continuous. Developing on previous work, we show that the map which takes a finite conformal IFS to the numerical value of its packing measure is continuous. In the context of self-similar sets, we introduce the super separation condition. We then combine this condition with known density theorems to get a better handle on finding balls of maximum density. This allows us to extend the work of others and give exact formulas for the numerical value of packing measure for classes of Cantor sets, Sierpinski N-gons, and Sierpinski simplexes.

Internet access has evolved in the last decade with the availability of smart handheld devices and high bandwidth offered by mobile networks at reduced costs. Multimedia traffic primarily video became the main share of global Internet traffic due to the popularity of multimedia supported social applications, online gaming, and IPTV. Thus, the success of any network based business model is dependent on service quality and Quality of Experience (QoE) is widely accepted as a means to describe user satisfaction with a service. QoE can be influenced by numerous factors ranging from content liking to system and context-related artifacts. In this thesis, a holistic approach is adopted to evaluate the QoE of an end-user regarding video quality based on system, contextual and human factors. At the system level, an impact of the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU), and the comparison of widely used video codecs in error-prone networks is investigated by using diverse streaming protocols on an emulated network. It is found that the myth of using small MTU for better performance in high-loss scenarios comes at a cost of increased latency at the intermediate nodes and doesn’t provide any gain in video quality. The performance of the Google royalty-free VP8 codec was also shown to be on par with the widely adopted and proprietary H.264, especially in scenarios involving high jitter. At a human level, user delight towards the shown stimulus, his or her mood along with the frequency of watching online content (contextual), and their impact on quality ratings are investigated. It is found that human-related personality traits tend to influence subjective ratings and highlight the requirement of more cohesive QoE models to estimate user perception.