Reklama, kurioje veikia literatūrinis, mitologinis ar folklorinis personažas, kuria vientisą ir labai konkretų įvaizdį, kuris apima tiek reklamos kūrėją ir vartotoją, tiek ir reklamos pardavėją bei visuomenę. Šio darbo objektas – literatūriniai, mitologiniai ir folkloriniai personažai, veikiantys reklamos diskurse. Minėti personažai, palikę savo autorius ir pirminius kūrinius, ateina į reklamos diskursą, virsdami savarankiškai gyvuojančiais objektais. Reklamos kūrėjų pagrindinė užduotis – pristatyti personažus taip, kad vartotojas, juos pamatęs reklamos diskurse, greičiau atpažintų – tokiu būdu net ir kitoje disciplinoje personažų kuriami konceptai išlieka populiarūs ir paveikūs. Magistro darbe analizuojama, kaip buvo kuriami literatūriniai, mitologiniai, folkloriniai personažai ir kokią funkciją jie atliko savo pirminiuose kūriniuose, nagrinėjama, kaip jie keičiasi, patekę į reklamos diskursą. Literatūrinėje plotmėje personažai veikė pagal vienokias taisykles – kūrinio autoriaus sugalvotą siužetą, o dabar, įkelti į reklamos diskursą, šie personažai yra perkuriami pagal reklamos kūrėjui reikiamą strategiją. Perkurti personažai pasiekia reklamos vartotoją ir ima veikti interteksto pagrindu, tačiau implikuojant visiškai naujas reikšmes, t. y. vartotojas reklaminį pranešimą, kuriame veikia literatūriniai, mitologiniai ar folkloriniai personažai, perskaito visiškai naujai – pagal reklamai galiojančius reikalavimus ir taisykles. Literatūriniai, mitologiniai ir folkloriniai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Advertisement in which literary, mythological or folkloric character acts, creates a single and very specific image that embraces both advertiser and user, as well as advertising dealer and society.Object of this work: literary, mythological and folkloric characters, acting in advertising discourse. These characters having left their original authors and works come to advertising discourse turning into individually existing subjects. The main task of ad creators is to present the characters so that the user, seeing them in advertising discourse, recognizes them as fast as possible – in that way, even the concepts created by the characters in other disciplines remain popular and influential. Master thesis analyzes how the literary, mythological, folkloric characters were created and what function they performed in their original works, as well as how they change having entered the advertising discourse. In the literary context, the characters acted in accordance with the rules in one way - the author’s conceived plot, and now, entered into the discourse of advertising, these characters are rebuilt according to the strategy necessary for the advertisers. Recreated characters reach the ad consumer and start acting on the intertext basis, but implying entirely new meanings, i.e. consumer reads the advertisements with acting literary, mythological and folkloric characters, in the totally new way: according to requirements and regulations applied for advertising. Literary... [to full text]

Over the past three decades, there has been a global paradigm shift in biodiversity conservation approaches from exclusive protected areas (PAs) towards people-centred conservation. This has encouraged the development of community-based conservation across the world, promoting reconciliation between livelihood improvement and biodiversity conservation. However, there is a growing body of literature that demonstrates mixed outcomes of community-based conservation approaches in contributing to improved conservation and local livelihoods, especially to the communities neighbouring PAs in Africa. This dissertation examines the experience of implementing one community wildlife management area (WMA) in Tanzania, with a particular focus on the effectiveness of Ikona WMA in contributing to improved conservation and local livelihoods in Western Serengeti. Specifically, the study investigates livelihood benefits and conservation impacts attributed to Ikona WMA in the study area. It also explores the success and challenges of implementing Ikona WMA and suggests areas for improvement. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered through field-based research in Nyichoka and Robanda villages, which participate in Ikona WMA, and Rwamchanga village, which does not. Research methods employed in this study include interviews, focus group discussions, and household surveys. With regard to livelihood benefits attributed to Ikona WMA, results show benefits to the communities participating in WMA at the community level, especially improvement of social infrastructure, while few or no benefits were realized at the household level. In addition, findings show variation in perceptions between and among the communities participating in Ikona WMA and the community not participating, and among conservation experts about community access to natural resources and benefits experienced at the household level in the study area. Findings show that the communities participating in the WMA had more positive perceptions of Ikona WMA, and perceived more conservation impact than did the community not participating in the WMA. Both community members and WMA administrators perceived a decline of illegal activities, improvement of habitat, increase of wild animals, and increase of wildlife protection as the major conservation impacts attributable to Ikona WMA. Ikona WMA demonstrates some success in contributing to improved conservation and local livelihoods at the community level. However, the study reveals a number of challenges hindering effective implementation of Ikona WMA, including insufficient power over crucial decision making and ownership of wildlife resources, insufficient involvement of community members, unequal distribution of benefits at the village level, and insufficient transparency, accountability, and monitoring of village development projects. In addition, respondents identified low levels of education among community members and WMA staff members, weak collaboration with other conservation actors, and increases in both livestock and human populations as challenges to the WMA in the study area. The study suggests that broad level participation of community members in decision making about wildlife conservation, empowerment of the local community, particularly with regard to financial resources, skills training, and true devolution of power over wildlife to the community, as well as fostering equity in benefit sharing at the village level, could help to cultivate community interest in wildlife conservation. / Graduate / 0768 / 0478 / 0368

The thesis interprets the icon Transfiguration by Theofan the Greek. It collects the information needed for the interpretation. The first part is devoted to the meaning of a religious picture - an icon in the context of historical development of Byzantine art and Christian thinking. It presents Theofan the Greek as the author of the icon and the doctrine about the uncreated nature of the Light of Tabor, that emerged in his time and might have influenced his work. The second part is devoted to the nterpretation of the Transfiguration icon. It consist of an explication of the biblical texts which are related to the Transfiguration and reflects other possible resources of depiction: apocryphal texts and liturgy. The conclusion of the thesis holds the interpretation of the icon.

Saint Francis' quest for the Crucified through the San Damiano Cross Abstract The encounter with the Crucified is the constitutive element of the spirituality of Saint Francis of Assisi. The objective of my thesis is finding the deeper understanding of Francis' perception of the cross. The topic should be elucidated by the San Damiano Cross Icon and other moments of the Saint of Assisi's life. The study of Francis' relation to the cross will be put into an appropriate context: the theology of the cross is mainly ingrained in the Jesus Christ's Mystery of Easter. This knowledge is deepened in life of the Early Church and, through the enriching epoch-making interposition even the "poor little" of Assisi may experience its fruits. In the fundamental part of the text I will organize the key materials for the study of Francis' relation to the crucified Christ contained in the franciscan sources with the help of the newest literature. Therefore the thesis will offer a complex view to one of the crucial moments of Francis' conversion. Keywords Saint Francis of Assisi, San Damiano, icon, cross, theology of the cross, The Crucified, history of the cross, speaking cross, franciscan sources, St. Paul, St. Bonaventure