Ce mémoire de thèse sera consacré à l'étude de quelques aspects phénoménologiques de la supersymétrie avec, comme principaux sujets, d'une part, la physique du MSSM dans le cas où les superparticules scalaires sont lourdes et les implications possibles auprès de collisionneurs à haute énergie tels que le LHC et, d'autre part, les caractéristiques des particules de matière noire et leurs détermination auprès des collisionneurs et dans des expériences d'astroparticules.

Le travail effectué dans cette thèse présente diverses études théoriques et phénoménologiques du processus de production exclusive de mésons vecteurs rho neutres polarisés longitudinalement dans les collisions entre photons virtuels, dans le cadre de la chromodynamique quantique (QCD). La virtualité des photons permet de situer notre approche dans le secteur perturbatif de la théorie. Les régimes cinématiques envisagés mènent à l'utilisation d'outils théoriques variés qui font apparaître différentes propriétés de factorisation de l'amplitude de diffusion: deux types de factorisation colinéaire (à courte distance) pour ce processus sont discutés au chapitre 1, faisant apparaître –suivant la polarisation des photons virtuels et le régime cinématique considéré- des Amplitudes de Distribution Généralisées (GDA) ou des Amplitudes de Distribution de Transition (TDA), outils communément utilisés dans la description des processus exclusifs. Nous introduisons dans le Chapitre 2 de manière autocohérente les bases du formalisme BFKL valide dans la limite à haute énergie (limite de Regge) de QCD, en vue de son utilisation phénoménologique détaillée dans le Chapitre 3: l'amplitude de diffusion du processus est décrite dans ce formalisme en exploitant la factorisation dans l'espace bidimensionnel des impulsions transverses, ou kT-factorisation. Nous prédisons la valeur de la section efficace du processus à l'ordre de Born de la resommation BFKL et nous discutons de son observation possible auprès du futur collisionneur linéaire international (ILC). Nous obtenons également les sections efficaces différentielles du processus sans transfert d'impulsion avec resommation BFKL complète à l'ordre des logarithmes dominants (Leading-Order) ainsi qu'à l'ordre suivant (Next-to-Leading-Order) afin d'établir un test fin du processus d'échange d'un Poméron dur décrit par le formalisme BFKL, observable au futur collisionneur linéaire ILC.

The future International Linear Collider (ILC) and Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) are intended for precision measurements of phenomena discovered at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and also for the discovery of new physics. In order to offer optimal conditions for such experiments, the new colliders must produce very-high-luminosity collisions at energies in the TeV regime. Emittance growth caused by imperfections in the main linacs is one of the factors limiting the luminosity of CLIC and ILC. In this thesis, various emittance preservation and luminosity tuning techniques have been tested and developed in order to meet the challenging luminosity requirements. Beam-based alignment was shown to be insufficient for reduction of emittance growth. Emittance tuning bumps provide an additional powerful preservation tool. After initial studies of tuning bumps designed to treat certain imperfections, a general strategy for design of optimised bumps was developed. The new bumps are optimal both in terms of emittance reduction performance and convergence speed. They were clearly faster than previous bumps and reduced emittance growth by nearly two orders of magnitude both for CLIC and ILC. Time-dependent imperfections such as ground motion and magnet vibrations also limit the performance of the colliders. This type of imperfections was studied in detail, and a new feedback system for optimal reduction of emittance growth was developed and shown to be approximately ten times more efficient than standard trajectory feedbacks. The emittance tuning bumps require fast and accurate diagnostics. The possibility of measuring emittance using a wide laserwire was introduced and simulated with promising results. While luminosity cannot be directly measured fast enough, it was shown that a beamstrahlung tuning signal could be used for efficient optimisation of a number of collision parameters using tuning bumps in the Final Focus System. Complete simulations of CLIC emittance tuning bumps, including static and dynamic imperfections and realistic tuning and emittance measurement procedures, showed that an emittance growth six times lower than that required may be obtained using these methods.

Title: Measurement of Time-Dependent CP Violation in B0 → ηcK0 S at Belle Experi- ment, Optimization Studies of the Belle II Vertex Detector Author: Zbyněk Drásal Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: Dr. Zdeněk Doležal, IPNP Supervisor's e-mail address: Zdenek.Dolezal@mff.cuni.cz Abstract: This doctoral thesis deals with two independent topics. In the first part we present a measurement of branching ratio(s) and time-dependent CP violation parame- ters in B0 (B± ) → ηcK0 S(K± ), ηc → p¯p. The values of CP violation parameters have been found as follows: sin 2φ1, denoted as an SCP parameter, equals: SCP = 0.68+0.38 −0.46±0.13syst, the direct CP violation parameter, denoted as an ACP , is: ACP = 0.00+0.23 −0.31 ± 0.08syst. These results have been obtained with the final data sample of 772×106 B ¯B pairs collected at Υ(4S) resonance with a Belle detector at the KEKB e+ e− asymmetric collider machine in Japan. In the second part, we present our approach to the Monte Carlo (MC) simula- tion of Belle II vertex detector and its response to high energy particles. Belle II represents an upgrade of current Belle experiment and its designed vertex detector will consist of 2 layers of Depfet pixel detectors (PXD) and 4 layers of double-sided silicon micro-strip detectors (SVD). The MC...

This thesis describes the optimisation of the calorimeter design for collider experiments at the future Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) and the International Linear Collider (ILC). The detector design of these experiments is built around high-granularity Particle Flow Calorimetry that, in contrast to traditional calorimetry, uses the energy measurements for charged particles from the tracking detectors. This can only be realised if calorimetric energy deposits from charged particles can be separated from those of neutral particles. This is made possible with fine granularity calorimeters and sophisticated pattern recognition software, which is provided by the PandoraPFA algorithm. This thesis presents results on Particle Flow calorimetry performance for a number of detector configurations. To obtain these results a new calibration procedure was developed and applied to the detector simulation and reconstruction to ensure optimal performance was achieved for each detector configuration considered. This thesis also describes the development of a software compensation technique that vastly improves the intrinsic energy resolution of a Particle Flow Calorimetry detector. This technique is implemented within the PandoraPFA framework and demonstrates the gains that can be made by fully exploiting the information provided by the fine granularity calorimeters envisaged at a future linear collider. A study of the sensitivity of the CLIC experiment to anomalous gauge couplings that {affect} vector boson scattering processes is presented. These anomalous couplings provide insight into possible beyond standard model physics. This study, which utilises the excellent jet energy resolution from Particle Flow Calorimetry, was performed at centre-of-mass energies of 1.4 TeV and 3 TeV with integrated luminosities of 1.5$\text{ab}^{-1}$ and 2$\text{ab}^{-1}$ respectively. The precision achievable at CLIC is shown to be approximately one to two orders of magnitude better than that currently offered by the LHC. In addition, a study into various technology options for the CLIC vertex detector is described.

Les cellules lymphoïdes innées (ILCs) sont des populations cellulaires d’identification récente, mais leur rôle in vivo chez l’homme reste mal connu. Dans une 1ère étude, nous avons pu montrer qu’un déficit sévère en NK au cours de déficits immunitaires communs variables est associé à un risque accru de manifestations non infectieuses et infectieuses bactériennes sévères, suggérant un rôle protecteur non redondant des cellules NK lorsque le système immunitaire adaptatif n’est pas fonctionnel. Dans une 2ème étude, nous avons montré que des patients atteints de déficits immunitaires combinés sévères ɣc et JAK3 déficients n’ont pas d’ILCs. Après allogreffe de moelle osseuse, le nombre d’ILCs circulantes reste indétectable, sans manifestation clinique notable associée. Ces résultats sont en faveur d’une redondance des fonctions des ILCs chez l’homme, lorsque les fonctions T et B sont conservées. Nous avons ensuite étudié les modifications phénotypiques et fonctionnelles des cellules NK au cours du purpura thrombopénique immunologique, et observé un défaut de production d’interféron-ɣ par les cellules NK circulantes et une augmentation de la cytotoxicité dépendante des anticorps des cellules NK spléniques. Une inhibition des fonctions des cellules NK par les immunoglobulines polyvalentes est également mise en évidence. Enfin, une étude des ILCs circulantes au cours de la maladie associée aux IgG4 ainsi qu’une revue de la littérature sur l’étude des ILCs au cours des pathologies inflammatoires sont rapportées. En conclusion, l’apparente redondance des ILCs chez l’homme ainsi que leur implication en pathologies inflammatoires en font de potentielles cibles thérapeutiques. / Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently identified components of the immune system, but their functions in vivo in humans are still elusive. In a first study, we show in patients with common variable immunodeficiency that non-infectious inflammatory complications and severe bacterial infections were more frequent in patients with severe NK cell lymphopenia, indicating potential non-redundant immune functions of NK cells when the adaptive immune response is not optimal. In a second study, we observe that in patients with ɣc and JAK3 severe combined immunodeficiencies, all ILC subsets are absent. After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, ILCs remain indetectable with no susceptibility to disease, suggesting that ILCs might be redundant and dispensable in humans, if T and B cells functions are preserved. In the second part of this thesis, we study phenotypic and functional modifications of NK cell compartment in primary immune thrombocytopenia. Interferon gamma production by the peripheral blood NK cells of ITP patients is decreased. In contrast, splenic NK cells of ITP patients tend to be more efficient in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. Intravenous polyvalent immunoglobulins lead to the inhibition of blood NK cell activation. Finally, we present the preliminary results of a study investigating the modifications of circulating ILCs in IgG4-related disease, and present an extensive litterature review concerning the role of ILCs in inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, the apparent redundancy of ILCs for protective immunity and their pathogenic role in inflammatory diseases make their targeting in humans for therapeutic purposes particularly promising.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(法学) / 甲第18740号 / 法博第171号 / 新制||法||150(附属図書館) / 31691 / 京都大学大学院法学研究科法政理論専攻 / (主査)教授 酒井 啓亘, 教授 淺田 正彦, 教授 濵本 正太郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Laws / Kyoto University / DFAM

International water law has been unable to translate its principles into effective institutions for the management of shared water resources. National interest has often override any real commitment to the principles of international water law as reflected by the draft Articles of the ILC. Based on the theory of sovereignty, it emphasises a discretionary power to co-operate. However, the community of interest's theory is rather recommended as basis for co-operation. The draft Articles does not take sufficient account of the role domestic water policies, international relations and economics play in the co-operation of states. An integrated approach that considers social and economic effects within an environmental context is proposetL The political economy of water includes the potential of 'virtual water' through the importation of staple grains. A holistic approach, taking global trade in agriculture into account, is recommended. The SADC countries should also consider the potential of regional trade in 'virtual water'. / Law / LL. M. (Law)

This work deals with the design of a CMOS pixel sensor prototype (called MIMOSA 31) for the outer layers of the International Linear Collider (ILC) vertex detector. CMOS pixel sensors (CPS) also called monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) have demonstrated attractive performance towards the requirements of the vertex detector of the future linear collider. MIMOSA 31developed at IPHC-Strasbourg is the first pixel sensor integrated with 4-bit column-level ADC for the outer layers. It is composed of a matrix of 64 rows and 48 columns. The pixel concept combines in-pixel amplification with a correlated double sampling (CDS) operation in order to reduce the temporal and fixed pattern noise (FPN). At the bottom of the pixel array, each column is terminated with an analog to digital converter (ADC). The self-triggered ADC accommodating the pixel readout in a rolling shutter mode completes the conversion by performing a multi-bit/step approximation. The ADC design was optimized for power saving at sampling frequency. Accounting the fact that in the outer layers of the ILC vertex detector, the hit density is inthe order of a few per thousand, this ADC works in two modes: active mode and inactive mode. This thesis presents the details of the prototype chip and its laboratory test results.

International water law has been unable to translate its principles into effective institutions for the management of shared water resources. National interest has often override any real commitment to the principles of international water law as reflected by the draft Articles of the ILC. Based on the theory of sovereignty, it emphasises a discretionary power to co-operate. However, the community of interest's theory is rather recommended as basis for co-operation. The draft Articles does not take sufficient account of the role domestic water policies, international relations and economics play in the co-operation of states. An integrated approach that considers social and economic effects within an environmental context is proposetL The political economy of water includes the potential of 'virtual water' through the importation of staple grains. A holistic approach, taking global trade in agriculture into account, is recommended. The SADC countries should also consider the potential of regional trade in 'virtual water'. / Law / LL. M. (Law)