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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Avaliação da associação dos polimorfismos C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A no gene ABCB1 a marcadores de resposta ao mesilato de imatinibe em pacientes com leucemia mieloide crônica / Evaluation of the association of C1236T, C3435T and G2677T/A polymorphisms on ABCB1 gene to response markers to imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

Vivona, Douglas 01 February 2011 (has links)
A leucemia mieloide crônica (LMC) é uma expansão clonal da célula progenitora hematopoiética, traduzindo-se por hiperplasia mielóide, leucocitose, neutrofilia, basofilia e esplenomegalia. O cromossomo Filadélfia é característico da doença, sendo produto da translocação t(9;22) (q34;q11), resultando na fusão dos genes ABL e BCR. Esta fusão gera um gene híbrido que produz uma proteína com elevada atividade tirosinoquinase que tem um papel central da patogenia da LMC. O mesilato de imatinibe (MI) é um derivado da fenilaminopirimidina que inibe a proteína-tirosina quinase ABL in vitro e in vivo. O MI interage com transportadores de membrana de efluxo, como o ATP binding cassette B1 (ABCB1). Polimorfismos no gene ABCB1 têm sido associados com alteração na sua funcionalidade e podem estar envolvidos na resposta ao tratamento farmacológico. Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a relação dos polimorfismos C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A no gene ABCB1 com marcadores de resposta ao tratamento com MI, em indivíduos com LMC, e determinar os fatores de predisposição de resposta ao MI. Foram incluídos 118 pacientes portadores de LMC. Foram constituídos dois grupos: Grupo 1 com 70 pacientes com resposta citogenética completa com a dose padrão de MI (400 mg/dia de MI) por até 18 meses e, Grupo 2 com 48 pacientes sem resposta citogenética completa com a dose inicial de 400 mg/dia de MI ou que perderam esta resposta ao longo do tratamento . Amostras de sangue foram obtidas para: quantificação de BCR-ABL1, extração de DNA genômico e análise citogenética de banda G. As análises dos polimorfismos foram realizadas por PCR-RFLP. A resposta ao tratamento foi avaliada segundo os critérios da European LeukemiaNet. A distribuição da frequência dos genótipos dos polimorfismos C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A foi similar nos dois gêneros e entre brancos e não brancos. Não houve influência dos polimorfismos estudados no risco de desenvolvimento da LMC e na resposta ao MI. O haplótipo ABCB1 1236CT/2677GT/3435CT (para os polimorfismos C1236T/G2677T/C3435T no gene ABCB1) foi encontrado em 51,7% dos pacientes com resposta molecular maior (P=0,010). Houve tendência a maior frequência de pacientes portadores de genótipos 1236 CT e TT no grupo de respondedores (86,7%) quando foi analisada a resposta molecular completa (p=0,069). O mesmo aconteceu no grupo de não respondedores quando foi considerado o polimorfismo C1236T. Houve tendência a maior frequência de resposta molecular completa em portadores de genótipo 2677 GT+TT+TA nos dois grupos (respondedores P=0,074 e não respondedores P=0,076). Em conclusão, os genótipos e haplótipos para os polimorfismos ABCB1 C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A estão associados com a resposta molecular em portadores de LMC respondedores ao tratamento com MI. / The chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal expansion of the hematopoietic progenitor cell, representing myeloid hyperplasia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, basophilia and splenomegaly. The Philadelphia chromosome is peculiar on the disease, being the result of the translocation t(9; 22) (q34; q11), leading on the fusion of the ABL and BCR genes. This merger creates a hybrid gene that produces a protein with high activity of tyrosine kinase that is the main pathogenesis of CML. The Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a fenilaminopirimidine derivative which inhibits the ABL protein-tyrosine kinase in vitro and in vivo. The MI interacts with membrane efflux transporters, such as ATP binding cassette B1 (ABCB1). Polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene have been associated with changes in its functionality and may be involved on the response to drug treatment. This study aims to investigate the relationship of C1236T, C3435T and G2677T / A polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene with response markers for MI treatment in individuals with CML, and to determine the predisposing factors of response to MI. 118 patients with CML were included and divided in two groups. Group 1: 70 patients with complete cytogenetic response and a standard dose of IM (400 mg / day IM) for up to 18 months. Group 2: 48 patients without a complete cytogenetic response and initial dose of 400 mg / day IM or whith response lost throughout the treatment. Blood samples were obtained for: quantification of BCR-ABL1, genomic DNA extraction and band G cytogenetic analysis. The analysis of the polymorphisms were performed by PCR-RFLP. The treatment response was evaluated according to European LeukemiaNet criteria. The frequency distribution of genotypes of C1236T, C3435T and G2677T / A polymorphisms were similar in both sexes and between whites and nonwhites. The polymorphisms studied had no influence on the CML development or MI response. The haplotype ABCB1 1236CT/2677GT/3435CT (for C1236T/G2677T/C3435T polymorphisms in the ABCB1) was found in 51.7% patients with major molecular response (P = 0.010). There was a tendency for higher frequency of patients with 1236 CT and TT genotypes in the responders group (86.7%) when the molecular response was analyzed (p = 0.069). The same happened in the nonresponders group when the C1236T polymorphism was considered. There was a tendency for a higher frequency of complete molecular response in patients with 2677 GT + TT + TA genotype in both groups (responders P = 0.074 and nonresponders P = 0.076). In conclusion, genotypes and haplotypes for ABCB1 C1236T, C3435T and G2677T / A polymorphisms are associated with molecular response in patients with CML that respond to MI treatment.
52

Análise do mesilato de imatinibe em plasma empregando a eletroforese capilar / Determination of imatinib mesylate in plasma by capillary electrophoresis

Tatiana Okura Ajimura 22 November 2010 (has links)
O mesilato de imatinibe é um importante fármaco pertencente à classe dos inibidores da tirosina-quinase, desenvolvido e utilizado atualmente no tratamento da Leucemia Mielóide Crônica. No histórico da utilização deste medicamento, casos de resistência tem sido relatados cujos mecanismos envolvidos, além dos mecanismos celulares, podem estar relacionados ao metabolismo aumentado deste fármaco. O imatinibe é metabolizado principalmente pelo CYP 3A4, cuja atividade enzimática apresenta grande variabilidade interindividual e é suscetível a indução ou inibição por inúmeras co-medicações, constituintes ambientais e dietéticos. Sendo assim uma dose do medicamento pode resultar em concentrações plasmáticas muito diferentes entre pacientes. A maior parte dos métodos existentes para a determinação do imatinibe em amostras biológicas utiliza a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Entretanto, o método desenvolvido e validado neste trabalho propôs a utilização da eletroforese capilar para a análise deste fármaco em plasma. Para isto foi utilizado um capilar de sílica fundida (46,5 cm de comprimento total, 38 cm de comprimento efetivo e 50 µm de diâmetro interno), tampão fosfato de sódio 50 mmol/L, pH 2,5 como eletrólito de corrida, injeção hidrodinâmica por 20 s a pressão de 50 mbar, tensão de 30 kV, temperatura de 35 °C e detecção em 200 nm. O procedimento de preparo das amostras foi baseado na extração líquido-líquido com o éter metil-terc-butílico como solvente extrator. Os parâmetros de desempenho analítico, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, recuperação, limite de quantificação, seletividade e estabilidade, avaliados na validação do método, cumpriram os requisitos preconizados na legislação vigente e o método desenvolvido foi validado com sucesso. Além disso, sua aplicação foi demonstrada na análise de amostras de plasma de pacientes portadores de Leucemia Mielóide Crônica. / Imatinib mesylate is an important tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been used for the treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Despite the efficacy of imatinib therap, some cases of treatment resistance have been described. A number of mechanisms of resistance have been identified, which include innate or acquired mutations in the BCR-ABL gene, imatinib binding to 1- acid glycoprotein and altered imatinib pharmacokinetics. Imatinib is mainly metabolized by CYP 3A4, whose enzymatic activity presents a large inter-individual variability and is susceptible to induction or inhibition by numerous co-medications, environmental and dietary constituents. Therefore a given dose can yield very different circulating concentrations between patients. The major of methods available for the determination of imatinib in biological samples apply high performance liquid chromatography as analytical technique. However, in this work, we developed and validated a method by capillary electrophoresis for the determination of this drug in human plasma. The analysis was performed using a fused silica capillary (50 µm internal diameter x 46.5 cm total length, 38.0 cm effective length), a 50 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer pH 2,5 as background electrolyte, hydrodynamic injection time of 20s (50 mbar), voltage of 30 kV, capillary temperature of 35°C and detection at 200 nm. Plasma samples pre-treatment involved liquid-liquid extraction with methyl-terc-butyl ether as extractor solvent. The analytical parameters investigated, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, limit of quantification, selectivity and stability, presented in accordance with the confidence criteria established in the literature. Furthermore the application of the method was performed in the analysis of plasma samples from CML patients undergoing treatment with imatinib.
53

Análise do mesilato de imatinibe em plasma empregando a eletroforese capilar / Determination of imatinib mesylate in plasma by capillary electrophoresis

Ajimura, Tatiana Okura 22 November 2010 (has links)
O mesilato de imatinibe é um importante fármaco pertencente à classe dos inibidores da tirosina-quinase, desenvolvido e utilizado atualmente no tratamento da Leucemia Mielóide Crônica. No histórico da utilização deste medicamento, casos de resistência tem sido relatados cujos mecanismos envolvidos, além dos mecanismos celulares, podem estar relacionados ao metabolismo aumentado deste fármaco. O imatinibe é metabolizado principalmente pelo CYP 3A4, cuja atividade enzimática apresenta grande variabilidade interindividual e é suscetível a indução ou inibição por inúmeras co-medicações, constituintes ambientais e dietéticos. Sendo assim uma dose do medicamento pode resultar em concentrações plasmáticas muito diferentes entre pacientes. A maior parte dos métodos existentes para a determinação do imatinibe em amostras biológicas utiliza a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Entretanto, o método desenvolvido e validado neste trabalho propôs a utilização da eletroforese capilar para a análise deste fármaco em plasma. Para isto foi utilizado um capilar de sílica fundida (46,5 cm de comprimento total, 38 cm de comprimento efetivo e 50 µm de diâmetro interno), tampão fosfato de sódio 50 mmol/L, pH 2,5 como eletrólito de corrida, injeção hidrodinâmica por 20 s a pressão de 50 mbar, tensão de 30 kV, temperatura de 35 °C e detecção em 200 nm. O procedimento de preparo das amostras foi baseado na extração líquido-líquido com o éter metil-terc-butílico como solvente extrator. Os parâmetros de desempenho analítico, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, recuperação, limite de quantificação, seletividade e estabilidade, avaliados na validação do método, cumpriram os requisitos preconizados na legislação vigente e o método desenvolvido foi validado com sucesso. Além disso, sua aplicação foi demonstrada na análise de amostras de plasma de pacientes portadores de Leucemia Mielóide Crônica. / Imatinib mesylate is an important tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been used for the treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Despite the efficacy of imatinib therap, some cases of treatment resistance have been described. A number of mechanisms of resistance have been identified, which include innate or acquired mutations in the BCR-ABL gene, imatinib binding to 1- acid glycoprotein and altered imatinib pharmacokinetics. Imatinib is mainly metabolized by CYP 3A4, whose enzymatic activity presents a large inter-individual variability and is susceptible to induction or inhibition by numerous co-medications, environmental and dietary constituents. Therefore a given dose can yield very different circulating concentrations between patients. The major of methods available for the determination of imatinib in biological samples apply high performance liquid chromatography as analytical technique. However, in this work, we developed and validated a method by capillary electrophoresis for the determination of this drug in human plasma. The analysis was performed using a fused silica capillary (50 µm internal diameter x 46.5 cm total length, 38.0 cm effective length), a 50 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer pH 2,5 as background electrolyte, hydrodynamic injection time of 20s (50 mbar), voltage of 30 kV, capillary temperature of 35°C and detection at 200 nm. Plasma samples pre-treatment involved liquid-liquid extraction with methyl-terc-butyl ether as extractor solvent. The analytical parameters investigated, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, limit of quantification, selectivity and stability, presented in accordance with the confidence criteria established in the literature. Furthermore the application of the method was performed in the analysis of plasma samples from CML patients undergoing treatment with imatinib.
54

Estudo do polimorfismo no códon 72 do gene TP53 na Leucemia Mielóide Crônica e associação com possível resposta ao tratamento com imatinibe / Study codon 72 polymorphism gene TP53 in chronic myeloid leukemia and association with possible response to imatinib therapy

Santos, Jeany Camelo 27 March 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-10-14T20:46:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jeany Camelo Santos - 2013.pdf: 1042379 bytes, checksum: 0e6b3b41192470d2c48f4809f1e9d49b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-16T18:23:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jeany Camelo Santos - 2013.pdf: 1042379 bytes, checksum: 0e6b3b41192470d2c48f4809f1e9d49b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-16T18:23:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jeany Camelo Santos - 2013.pdf: 1042379 bytes, checksum: 0e6b3b41192470d2c48f4809f1e9d49b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / The CML is a expansion clonal of cells progenitors hematopoietics and is associated to an specific genetic lesion, known as the Philadelphia chromosome, product of the reciprocal translocation t(9, 22)(q34, q11) that causes the oncogene BCR-ABL. The TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene located on the chromossome 17p13.1 coding for phosphoprotein TP53. The polymorphism arises from the exchange of G for C at codon 72, resulting the genotypes Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro. This study aims to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of TP53 polymorphism at codon 72 in CML patients and to correlate with the response to imatinib therapy. The work had the participation of 85 CML patients treated at the Clinic of Hematology, at Hospital das Clínicas – UFG in Goiânia city, state of Goiás for the diagnosis and control of disease. To investigate the allelic and genotypic frequencies, DNA samples were isolated from peripheral blood for analysis of PCR reactions. For genotyping, forward and reverse primers were used for each variant allelic. The study had the participation of 85 CML patients, which 69 were in chronic phase, eight in accelerated phase and only one in blast crisis. The mean age was 51 years and eight months. The frequency of genotypes Pro/Pro, Arg/Pro and Arg/Arg was 11% (4/35) 43% (15/35) 46% (16/35) for patients resistant to imatinib treatment (group case) and 16% (8/50) 62% (31/50) and 22% (11/30) for patients with response to imatinib (control group), respectively. The population in this study is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (x2 = 1, 12, P> 0, 05). Regarding age, gender, disease stage, and score Sokal not observed an association of the disease with the response or resistance to treatment (P= 0,36; P = 0.82, P = 0.47 and P = 0.72), respectively. When we evaluated the genotypes with respect to the Score Sokal (High x Intermediate/Low), it was observed that Pro/Pro genotype was significantly lower in the high Sokal Score group than Intermediate/low (P = 0.017, OR = 8, 19). For criterion, age over 40 years old at diagnosis, by analyzing the Fisher’s test, we found that patients carrying the Arg/Arg genotype are four times more susceptible to produce any resistance to imatinib therapy. When we evaluated the variables age, gender, disease phase, genotype and Sokal Score in logistic regression showed that only the variable genotype was significant (P = 0.0159). Our results are not according to the previous studies, in which suggest that the Pro/Pro genotype and the Pro allele can check risk of developing disease or resistance to imatinib treatment. Our findings suggest that patients carrying the Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro genotypes responded well to treatment and that the Pro/Pro genotype represented an indicator for a good prognosis. Genotype Arg/Arg represented a risk factor in genetic susceptibility in CML’s pathogenesis, contributing for a worse outcome. / A LMC caracteriza-se por uma expansão clonal de células progenitoras hematopoiética e está associada a uma alteração citogenética, conhecida como o cromossomo Philadelphia (Ph+), produto de uma translocação recíproca t(9q34;22q11), gerando a proteína híbrida BCR-ABL. O gene TP53 é um gene supressor tumoral está localizado no braço curto do cromossomo 17 (17p13.1) que codifica uma proteína fosfonuclear a TP53. O polimorfismo desse gene, envolve uma troca de uma única base guanina (G) por uma citosina (C) no códon 72, originando os genótipos Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro e Pro/Pro. Este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar as frequências alélicas e genotípicas do polimorfismo de TP53 no códon 72 em pacientes com LMC e correlacionar com a resposta ao tratamento com imatinibe. O trabalho contou com a participação de 85 pacientes com LMC atendidos no serviço do Ambulatório de Hematologia do HC (Hospital das Clínicas) da UFG, na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás, para o diagnóstico e controle da doença. A idade, o sexo, a fase da doença, o Índice Sokal e resposta e resistência ao tratamento, foram levados em consideração. Para investigar as frequências alélicas e genotípicas, amostras de DNA foram isoladas do sangue periférico para posterior análise em reações de PCR. Para a amplificação das regiões de interesse, primers específicos forward e reverse foram utilizados. Dos 85 pacientes portadores de LMC, 69 pacientes estavam na fase crônica, oito na fase acelerada e um na crise blástica. A média de idade foi de 51 anos e oito meses. A frequência dos genótipos Pro/Pro, Arg/Pro e Arg/Arg foi 11% (4/35), 43% (15/35) e 46% (16/35) para pacientes com resistência ao tratamento com imatinibe (grupo caso) e 16% (8/50), 62% (31/50) e 22% (11/30) para pacientes com resposta ao tratamento (grupo controle), respectivamente. A população do presente estudo está em Equilíbrio de Hardy Weinberg (x2 = 1, 12; P > 0, 05). Quanto à idade, sexo, fase da doença e índice Sokal não se observou associação com a resposta e resistência ao tratamento (P= 0,36; P= 0,82; P=0,47 e P=0,72), respectivamente. Quando avaliou-se os genótipos com relação ao Índice Sokal (Alto x Intermediário/baixo), observou-se que Pro/Pro, foi significativamente menor no grupo com Índice Sokal alto (P=0,017; OR=8,19). Para o critério idade acima de 40 anos no diagnóstico da doença, através da análise do Teste de Fisher, observou-se que pacientes homozigotos para o genótipo Arg/Arg são quatro vezes mais susceptíveis a apresentar algum tipo de resistência ao tratamento com imatinibe. Quando avaliou-se as variáveis: idade, sexo, fase da doença, genótipos e Índice Sokal na regressão logística, observou-se que somente a variável genótipo foi significativa (P= 0,0159). Nossos resultados divergem dos dados apresentados pela literatura sobre a LMC, que sugerem que o genótipo Pro/Pro ou alelo Pro, pode conferir risco de desenvolver a doença ou resistência ao tratamento com imatinibe. Nossos achados sugerem que pacientes Arg/Pro e Pro/Pro, responderam bem ao tratamento e que o genótipo Pro/Pro, representou um indicador para um bom prognóstico. O genótipo Arg/Arg representou um fator de risco na susceptibilidade genética à patogênese da LMC, contribuindo para um pior prognóstico da doença.
55

Avaliação do perfil in vitro de dissolução de comprimidos de mesilato de imatinibe empregando a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência / Evaluation of the in vitro dissolution profile of imatinib mesylate tablets using the high performance liquid chromatography

Thiago Branco Hanna 25 October 2010 (has links)
A leucemia mielóide crônica (LMC) é uma doença cujo marcador molecular é o rearranjo gênico BCR/ABL, original da translocação t(9;22), conhecida como cromossomo Philadelphia. Recentemente, os inibidores da enzima tirosina-quinase têm sido estudados e utilizados para o tratamento da LMC. Nesta classe, está o Mesilato de Imatinibe, uma pequena molécula que inibe competitivamente a BCR/ABL tirosina quinase, impedindo sua atividade. Por não possuir monografia publicada em compêndios oficiais, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil in vitro de dissolução de comprimidos de mesilato em diferentes condições. A quantificação do fármaco foi feita utilizando a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência em fase reversa (CLAE-FR) e as análises foram realizadas em uma coluna C18 Gemini Phenomenex®, utilizando como fase móvel tampão acetato de sódio 10,7 mmol/L, pH 3,0:metanol (40:60 v/v). O método foi validado e apresentou-se linear no intervalo de concentração de 10-150 µg/mL (r=0,9993). Os coeficientes de variação obtidos foram inferiores a 2,0 % e a exatidão próxima de 100 %. Também foram avaliados os parâmetros seletividade, robustez, estabilidade e limite de quantificação (10 µg/mL). A avaliação do perfil in vitro de dissolução foi realizada em três diferentes meios de dissolução (HCl 0,1 N, tampão acetato de sódio pH 4,5 e tampão fosfato de potássio monobásico pH 6,8), três velocidades de agitação (50, 75 e 100 rpm) e dois tipos de aparatos (pá e cesta). Os resultados obtidos neste teste indicaram que a forma farmacêutica em estudo é de liberação imediata, uma vez que foi verificada liberação de grande quantidade do fármaco em um curto período de tempo. A comparação dos perfis de dissolução, realizada através do cálculo da eficiência de dissolução, apresentou diferenças em relação à porcentagem do fármaco liberado. a condição mais adequada para avaliar o perfil in vitro de dissolução é o meio de dissolução HCl 0,1 N, aparato da pá e velocidade de agitação de 75 ou 100 rpm. / Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a disease whose molecular marker is the BCR/ABL, original of the translocation t (9; 22), known as the Philadelphia chromosome. Recently, inhibitors of the enzyme tyrosine kinase have been studied and used for the treatment of CML. In this class, is the Imatinib mesylate, a small molecule that competitively inhibits BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase, preventing its activity. To do not have a monograph published in official compendia, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro dissolution of tablets mesylate in different conditions. The quantification of the drug was made using high performance liquid chromatography on reversed phase (RP-HPLC) and analysis was performed on a Phenomenex® Gemini C18 column using a mobile phase of sodium acetate buffer 10.7 mmol/L pH 3.0:methanol (40:60 v/v). The method was validated and presented in a linear concentration range of 10-150 µg/mL (r=0.9993). The coefficients of variation obtained were below 2.0% and accuracy near 100%. We also evaluated the parameters selectivity, robustness, stability and limit of quantification (10 µg/mL). The evaluation of in vitro dissolution was conducted in three different dissolution media (0.1 N HCl, sodium acetate buffer pH 4.5 and potassium phosphate monobasic buffer pH 6.8), three agitation speeds (50, 75 and 100 rpm) and two types of devices (paddle and basket). The results of this tests indicated that the pharmaceutical form in question is immediate release, since it was observed release of large amounts of the drug in a short period of time. The comparison of dissolution profiles, conducted by calculating the dissolution efficiency, showed differences compared to the percentage of drug released. The best conditions to evaluate the in vitro profile of dissolution is the dissolution medium 0.1 N HCl, paddle apparatus and stirring speed of 75 or 100 rpm.
56

Soft Tissue Calcification Secondary to Imatinib Mesylate in a Patient with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Enck, Robert E., Abushahin, Fadi, Bossaer, John B. 14 May 2013 (has links)
Imatinib mesylate has been associated with the changes in bone turnover. We report a case of the development of tissue calcification in a patient on long-term therapy with this drug. A 48-year-old male patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor and liver metastasis complained of abdominal pain. His treatment included hepatic artery chemoembolization and partial hepatectomy in addition to chronic imatinib mesylate for 4 years. On physical examination, he had a peritoneal mass just beneath the laparotomy incision scar that, after resection, was found to be dystrophic bone formation. Based on the previous studies suggesting bone changes due to chronic therapy with imatinib mesylate, we believe that the patient's new bone formation was causally related to the use of this drug. To our knowledge, there are no similar reported cases in the literature.
57

Mécanismes de résistance aux inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase sur le modèle de leucémie myéloïde chronique

Joha, Sami 15 December 2009 (has links) (PDF)
La leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC) est une transformation maligne d'une cellule souche hématopoïétique, caractérisée par une anomalie génétique acquise : le chromosome Philadelphie (Ph), résultant de la translocation réciproque t(9 ;22)(q34 ;q11), et son équivalent moléculaire, l'oncogène BCR-ABL. La protéine BCR-ABL présente une activité tyrosine kinase constitutive qui agit sur les voies de survie et de prolifération. La progression de la maladie vers la phase accélérée puis blastique s'accompagne d'anomalies génétiques additionnelles marqueurs d'une instabilité génomique croissante. La responsabilité de BCR-ABL dans la genèse de cette instabilité génomique est fortement suspectée. Dérivé de 2-phénylamino-pyrimidines, l'Imatinib inhibe l'activité tyrosine kinase de BCR-ABL ainsi que la prolifération de lignées cellulaires BCR-ABL positives et induit leur apoptose. Les échecs du traitement par l'Imatinib sont dus à des mécanismes de résistance qui ne sont pas tous entièrement caractérisés. Des nouveaux inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinases (ITKs) ou des associations avec l'Imatinib ont été développés afin de la surmonter. Cependant, une résistance croisée et multiple demeure difficile à traiter et nécessite une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de résistance afin d'éradiquer la maladie dans un avenir proche. Les travaux réalisés au cours de cette thèse ont montré que la présence de microremaniements génétiques (traduisant une instabilité) au sein de progéniteurs leucémiques CD34+ de patients traités par l'Imatinib corrélait avec la perte de réponse à l'Imatinib chez les patients diagnostiqués en phase chronique, suggérant que la résistance à l'Imatinib pourrait être corrélée aux altérations génétiques survenant précocement dans la physiopathologie de la maladie. 113 gènes affectés ont été détectés dont certains sont localisés dans des régions connues pour être hypervariables (CNV) suggérant un rôle de ces régions dans le développement de la LMC ou la résistance à l'Imatinib. Nous avons mis en évidence la présence d'une anomalie acquise récurrente dans telle région localisée en 8p23.1 qui groupe les gènes de la famille de la Défensine B. Ce microremaniement n'est pas lié à la résistance à l'Imatinib car il est retrouvé dans les populations cellulaires CD34+ Ph+ et Ph-, il peut donc être considéré comme un marqueur de l'instabilité d'une sous-population cellulaire clonale de CD34+ présentant une grande prédisposition à acquérir des altérations génétiques additionnelles, comme la fusion BCR-ABL. Nos études montrent que des altérations secondaires pourraient être le support d'une résistance à l'Imatinib. La résistance à l'Imatinib peut alors être liée à la dérégulation des voies de signalisation en amont ou en aval de BCR-ABL, affectant ainsi la prolifération, la survie, la différenciation et l'intégrité du génome. Il semble donc que le traitement par l'Imatinib seul ne soit pas suffisant pour éradiquer la maladie. Pour cette raison, de nouvelles molécules à associer avec l'Imatinib sont actuellement en cours d'évaluation. Parmi ces associations, les inhibiteurs de la voie Ras ont montré une certaine efficacité dans la restauration de l'activité proapoptotique de l'Imatinib. Il était donc intéressant de chercher une cible thérapeutique régulant négativement cette voie afin de surmonter cette résistance. GILZ (Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper) inhibe la voie Ras/Raf par une interaction directe. Il inhibe également la voie NFκB dont certains antagonistes sont capables de surmonter la résistance à l'Imatinib. Nos résultats montrent, pour la première fois, que l'expression de GILZ est diminuée dans des lignées humaines ou murines exprimant BCR-ABL sensibles ou résistantes aux ITKs ainsi que dans les cellules dormantes résiduelles isolées d'un modèle cellulaire murin développé au laboratoire. L'expression forcée de GILZ dans ces lignées résistantes restaure la sensibilité à l'Imatinib. Nos résultats montrent que le mécanisme passe par une inhibition de la voie mTORC2/Akt Ser473. Elle est due à une interaction directe de GILZ avec mTORC2 permettant l'activation de FoxO3a et l'induction de l'expression de la protéine proapoptotique Bim. Dans ce système, GILZ augmente l'expression de Bim tandis qu'Imatinib, par ses effets "Off-target", diminue celle de Mcl-1 inversant ainsi le rapport des membres antiapoptotiques/proapoptotiques de la famille Bcl-2 et entrainant l'apoptose. Le traitement séquentiel par les glucocorticoïdes puis l'Imatinib induit l'apoptose de cellules souches de patients résistants par le même mécanisme, suggérant que la modulation de l'expression de GILZ pourrait représenter une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique pour cibler les cellules leucémiques résistantes ou résiduelles. La régulation de la voie mTORC2/Akt Ser473 semble être d'une importance cruciale dans la survie des cellules BCR-ABL+, ainsi que dans la résistance aux ITKs. Parmi les gènes méthylés dans notre étude, on retrouve un gène impliqué dans la régulation de cette voie et qui code pour la phosphatase PHLPP (PH domain and Leucine rich repeat Protein Phosphatase) dont l'activité est de déphosphoryler la sérine 473 d'Akt favorisant son inactivation. Nos résultats montrent que la réexpression du variant 1 de cette phosphatase (PHLPP1) dans notre modèle murin de résistance restaure la sensibilité à l'Imatinib et que la répression de celui-ci n'est pas exclusivement due à l'activité tyrosine kinase de BCR-ABL, mais aussi à des modifications épigénétiques. Nos études ont permis d'identifier des gènes impliqués dans la résistance des LMC aux ITKs et de proposer de nouveaux traitements pour surmonter cette résistance en inhibant la voie Akt Ser473
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Clinical and Experimental Studies in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia : Studies of Treatment Outcome, In Vitro Cellular Drug Resistance and Gene Expression

Olsson-Strömberg, Ulla January 2007 (has links)
<p>The aims of the studies described in the thesis were to investigate different treatment strategies in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Furthermore, activity of imatinib was investigated by <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity assay, and the gene expression pattern in interferon treated patients.</p><p>In a randomized prospective national study, we examined the influence of busulphan (n=89) versus hydroxyurea (n=90) treatment on time to blast crisis, and survival. There was no significant difference in survival between hydroxyurea and busulphan treated patients; median survival was 3.5 and 3.2 years, respectively. The 26 patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation had a significantly longer median survival (4.7 years) than those who were not transplanted.</p><p>We investigated the feasibility of mobilizing Philadelphia chromosome negative blood stem cells with intensive chemotherapy and lenograstim in CML patients. Twenty-three patients (62%) were successfully mobilized. Twenty-one of these patients underwent autologous stem cell transplantation later on, with a 5-year overall survival at 68%.</p><p>Fluorometric Microculture Cytotoxicity Assay was used to analyze 32 tumor cell samples from CML patients, (26 chronic phase and 6 blast crisis). Imatinib showed a higher <i>in vitro</i> activity and more positive drug interactions in cells from blast crisis than from chronic phase. Interferon, daunorubicin and arsenic trioxide had the greatest benefit from a combination with imatinib.</p><p>Microarray-based gene expression analyses were performed on diagnostic CML samples prior to interferon treatment. We identified six genes that were differentially expressed in responders and non-responders to interferon. It might prove possible to use gene expression analysis to predict future response to interferon.</p>
59

Clinical and Experimental Studies in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia : Studies of Treatment Outcome, In Vitro Cellular Drug Resistance and Gene Expression

Olsson-Strömberg, Ulla January 2007 (has links)
The aims of the studies described in the thesis were to investigate different treatment strategies in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Furthermore, activity of imatinib was investigated by in vitro cytotoxicity assay, and the gene expression pattern in interferon treated patients. In a randomized prospective national study, we examined the influence of busulphan (n=89) versus hydroxyurea (n=90) treatment on time to blast crisis, and survival. There was no significant difference in survival between hydroxyurea and busulphan treated patients; median survival was 3.5 and 3.2 years, respectively. The 26 patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation had a significantly longer median survival (4.7 years) than those who were not transplanted. We investigated the feasibility of mobilizing Philadelphia chromosome negative blood stem cells with intensive chemotherapy and lenograstim in CML patients. Twenty-three patients (62%) were successfully mobilized. Twenty-one of these patients underwent autologous stem cell transplantation later on, with a 5-year overall survival at 68%. Fluorometric Microculture Cytotoxicity Assay was used to analyze 32 tumor cell samples from CML patients, (26 chronic phase and 6 blast crisis). Imatinib showed a higher in vitro activity and more positive drug interactions in cells from blast crisis than from chronic phase. Interferon, daunorubicin and arsenic trioxide had the greatest benefit from a combination with imatinib. Microarray-based gene expression analyses were performed on diagnostic CML samples prior to interferon treatment. We identified six genes that were differentially expressed in responders and non-responders to interferon. It might prove possible to use gene expression analysis to predict future response to interferon.
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Antifibrozinių priemonių paieška preklinikiniuose sisteminės sklerozės modeliuose / The performance of antifibrotic agents in preclinical models of systemic sclerosis

Venalis, Paulius 01 October 2010 (has links)
Sisteminė sklerozė (SSc) – viena sunkiausių ir fatališkiausių autoimuninių sisteminių reumatinių ligų, o bazinių vaistų stygius, šiai ligai gydyti, itin didelis. Į onkologinę klinikinę praktiką įdiegtas tirozinkinazių inhibitorius – imatinibo mezilatas(IM). IM blokuoja TGF-β ir PDGF intraląstelinio signalo perdavimą ir taip sąlygoja fibrozės prevenciją SSc pelių modelyje. Mums buvo svarbu išsiaiškinti, ar imatinibas gali turėti įtakos ne tik prevencijai, bet ir susiformavusiai fibrozei. Be to TGF-β ir PDGF blokavimas angiogenezėje, galėtų riboti daug žadančio fibrozės inhibitoriaus IM naudojimą gydant SSc. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti imatinibo mezilato poveikį fibrozės procesui ir endoteliui sisteminės sklerozės eksperimentiniuose modeliuose ir ląstelių kultūrose. Darbo uždaviniai: įvertinti imatinibo efektyvumą neuždegiminiame SSc modelyje ir patikrinti imatinibo mezilato efektyvumą uždegiminiame suformuotos fibrozės modelyje; ištirti, ar terapinės imatinibo mezilato koncentracijos daro neigiamą poveikį gyvybinėms endotelio funkcijoms; įvertinti imatinibo mezilato poveikį angiogenezės etapams. Mūsų gauti duomenys rodo, kad: IM ne tik sustabdė bet ir paskatino jau egzistuojančios (bleomicino sukeltos) odos firbrozės regresiją; IM ryškiai sumažino poodžio ir odos storį, bei normalizavo miofibroblastų skaičių Tsk-1 pelėse; IM neturėjo poveikio endotelio ląstelių bazinėms funkcijoms; IM neturėjo neigiamo poveikio angiogenezės etapams. / Systemic sclerosis (SSc) – is one of the most complicated and fatal systemic diseases, and the lack of effective therapy is very evident. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (IM) was shown to inhibit TGF-β and PDGF signaling pathways and prevent the development of dermal fibrosis upon challenge with bleomycin in murine model of SSc. The aim of therapy is not only to stop disease progression, but even induce regression of preexisting fibrosis. On other hand, blocking TGF-β and PDGF signaling in angiogenesis might worsen the vascular manifestations of SSc. We found important to evaluate effectiveness of IM for the treatment of pre-established tissue fibrosis and to exclude that the anti-fibrotic effects of IM are complicated by inhibitory effects on endothelial cell functions. Aim of the study: assess the effect of IM on the process of fibrosis and endothelium in experimental models of systemic sclerosis and cell cultures. Objectives of the study: assess the effectiveness of IM on murine models of established fibrosis; evaluate if IM has an effect on basal functions of endothelial cells; assess effect of IM on the process of angiogenesis. We have shown that IM exerts potent antifibrotic effects in two different models of SSc. Imatinib was effective for prevention of fibrosis and for treatment of established dermal fibrosis. We’ve demonstrated that IM does not inhibit major functions of endothelial cells. Thus, IM might not augment further the preexisting vascular... [to full text]

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