Syfte: Att undersöka munhygiensvanor och kunskaper kring oral hälsa hos vuxna individer med utländsk bakgrund. Frågeställning: Finns det någon skillnad mellan män och kvinnors egenvårdsvanor samt kunskaper kring oral hälsa? Metod: Kvantitativ studie. Empirisk enkätstudie. Enkäten omfattar frågor om munhygienvanor, kunskap om karies och kunskap om parodontit. Urvalet bestod av vuxna män och kvinnor som har en utländsk bakgrund och är över 18 års ålder. Med utländsk bakgrund menas att individerna är födda utomlands och har utländska föräldrar. Studiedeltagarna befann sig på en SFI skola i Mellansverige. Resultat: Antal studiedeltagare som deltog i studien var 78, (n=36 män), (n=29 kvinnor), (n=13 som inte angav kön). Majoriteten av studiedeltagarna visade sig ha goda vanor med antalet gånger de borstar tänderna per dag, hur ofta de använder fluor och användning av orala munhygiensprodukter utöver tandborste. Studien visar även att en mindre del av studiedeltagarna känner de största riskfaktorerna för att få orala sjukdomar. Konklusion: De flesta individer med utländsk bakgrund har bra munhygiensvanor men har saknar tillräcklig kunskap kring varför man får orala sjukdomar som karies och parodontit.

This collection of short stories follows Liz Yoo, a Korean-American woman, who struggles to connect to her immigrant parents and understand her identity.

<p>This dissertation is a three-part analysis examining how the welfare state in advanced Western democracies has responded to recent demographic changes. Specifically, this dissertation investigates two primary relationships, beginning with the influence of government spending on poverty. I analyze two at-risk populations in particular: immigrants and children of single mothers. Next, attention is turned to the influence of individual and environmental traits on preferences for social spending. I focus specifically on religiosity, religious beliefs and religious identity. I pool data from a number of international macro- and micro-data sources including the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), International Social Survey Program (ISSP), the World Bank Databank, and the OECD Databank. Analyses highlight the power of the welfare state to reduce poverty, but also the effectiveness of specific areas of spending focused on addressing new social risks. While previous research has touted the strength of the welfare state, my analyses highlight the need to consider new social risks and encourage closer attention to how social position affects preferences for the welfare state.</p> / Dissertation

Dans l’Union Européenne, la Commission prépare une réforme de la législation applicable en matière d’immigration et d’asile, face à une montée continue du nombre des immigrés et de demandeurs d’asile. Les difficultés économiques, sociales et politiques que rencontrent un grand nombre d’Etats des continents africain, asiatique et même européen, maintiendront une demande forte d’entrée d’étrangers. Cette situation confrontera l’U.E à la recherche d’un difficile équilibre entre les intérêts nationaux et un certain devoir d’assistance. Ainsi, y’a-t-il une protection suffisante pour les étrangers dans le droit de l’U.E ? Ensuite, y a t-il, un statut général applicable à tous les étrangers ? Il est à noter que les droits des étrangers sont à la fois limités et variables. Limités lorsqu’on confronte le statut des étrangers et celui des citoyens européens ; variables dans la mesure où les étrangers ne se voient pas tous reconnaître les mêmes droits. Ainsi, on estime que l’Union devrait élaborer une politique de migration plus proactive axée sur la gestion et non sur la prévention des mouvements migratoires. Cette politique devrait se fonder sur un cadre définissant clairement les droits des étrangers. Elle devrait garantir aux travailleurs migrants un cadre juridique en matière d’égalité de traitement avec les nationaux. Un cadre commun devrait être élaboré pour les conditions d’entrée et de résidence, à partir d’un consensus entre les pouvoirs publics et les partenaires sociaux concernant les besoins du marché du travail. / In the European Union, the Commission prepares a reform of the legislation on immigration and asylum, vis-a-vis a steady rise in the number of immigrants and asylum seekers. The economic, social and political difficulties, that a large number of States in Africa, Asia and even Europe encounter, will maintain a strong request for entry from abroad. This situation will confront the E.U in search of a difficult balance between the national interests and a duty of care. Thus, is there a sufficient protection for the foreigners in the European Union Law ? Then, is there a general status applicable to all the foreigners ? It should be noted that the rights of foreigners are at the same time limited and variable. Limited when one confronts the status of foreign and that of the European citizens; and variables to the extent that foreigners are not given all the same rights. Thus, it is estimated that the Union should develop a more proactive migration policy based on the management and not on the prevention of the migratory movements. This policy should be based on a clear framework of the aliens ‘rights. It should guarantee to migrant workers a legal framework as regards equal treatment with the nationals. A common framework should be developed in the conditions of entry and residence, starting from a consensus between the public authorities and the social partners concerning the needs of the labor market.

Thesis advisor: Christopher Wilson / Thesis advisor: Carlo Rotella / This dissertation explores traditional patterns of immigration narratives and reads them alongside not only their contemporary, divergent counterparts but also historical moments that contribute to the narrative transformations. By way of this examination, literary changes over time become readable, highlighting the speed at which the rhetoric and aims of many immigration narratives became patently anti-America in the twenty-first century, significantly departing from the traditions established in the twentieth century, which, at their core still held pro-America aims. The first chapter, "The Solution is the Problem: Immigrant Narratives of Internment and Detention," considers nonfiction narratives regarding immigration detention within the borders of the United States. I read Monica Sone's Nisei Daughter and Edwidge Danticat's Brother I'm Dying as narratives that explore detention as central immigrant experience, exposing a chronicle of national suffering after attacks on American soil. When paired with Sone's work, Danticat's Brother I'm Dying reveals a shift in traditional narratives, exposing links to criminality and a move away from affiliation. In my second chapter, "The Helpless Helper: Illegality, Borders and Family Reunification," I study Thomas McCarthy's The Visitor, Courtney Hunt's Frozen River, and Wayne Kramer's Crossing Over. In these films, the suffering of immigrant families designated as somehow "illegal" are often displaced onto a white, parental "helper" figure in order to scrutinize their processing and treatment. These three independent films probe the ways in which economic, judicial, and political interests negatively affect family reunification policies. Additionally, The Visitor, Frozen River, and Crossing Over rely on an alternative point of view - that of American citizens rather than immigrants - as a way to further fragment traditional immigrant narrative structures, which instead favored immigrant-as-narrator constructs. In chapter three, "Considering Conditions of Possibility: Canonical Modes with Modern Concerns," I transition back to the immigrant's point of view and turn to traditional "high" literature. The narratives studied in this chapter retell canonical American novels before placing an important twist on the story: the decision to leave America rather than assimilate and aspire to the American Dream. Saher Alam's The Groom to Have Been and Joseph O'Neill's Netherland both make use of the narrative mode of the novel of manners while H.M. Naqvi's Home Boy and Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist draw upon the ethnic bildungsroman tradition. By treating immigrant experiences as literary through adaptations of canonical novels rooted in American success and integration, these four authors make the choice of writing their protagonists out of America all the more resonant. The final chapter of this project, "The End Product of Our Deep Moral Exhaustion: Alternative Genres and Immigration Narratives," pulls upon Michael Chabon's The Yiddish Policemen's Union and Philip Roth's The Plot Against America to ground a discussion of the role of alternate history in contemporary immigration narratives. From there, the chapter pushes out to include Gary Shteyngart's Super Sad True Love Story as an example of speculative fiction. In each novel, a commentary on America's global social position is revealed by means of the degree to which the protagonists and their families do or do not become assimilated Americans, placing these novels in an intermediary position on the continuum of post-9/11 immigration narratives. Via my close readings, I aim to demonstrate the ways in which patterns of departure from traditional narratives became both enhanced and more rapidly altered at the start of the twenty-first century. The comparative work of this dissertation project allows access to a unique vision of twenty-first century America that is only available through the lens of immigration narratives, critiquing the modern nation's strengths, shortcomings, political climate, and social realities all while attending to conscious and significant modifications to traditional immigrant narratives. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: English.

Thesis advisor: Gustavo Morello / This qualitative study of female English language learners living in the greater Boston area investigates the relationship which exists between social networks, English language learning, and immigrant assimilation. Understanding that social networks are important for immigrant assimilation because of the social capital they provide (Portes and Zhou, 1993), this study aims to understand how immigrant women with limited English proficiency build social networks in the United States, both with immigrants and native-born citizens of the United States. Data analysis shows that English language learning plays an pivotal role in the formation of social networks both with other immigrants and with native-born citizens, and that immigrant networks are ultimately more beneficial because they are more accessible. As immigration policies in the United States continue to change, it is important to study the changing needs and experiences of immigrants. There is a need for the greater Boston area to provide more spaces for interaction between immigrants and Americans to facilitate the formation of social networks and exchange of social capital between the two groups. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Sociology.

This dissertation explores the experiences and perspectives of unaccompanied migrant children in Johannesburg South Africa. The children are between the ages of thirteen to nineteen and are all from Zimbabwe. The research focuses on how the young immigrants undertook their journey managing to find ways around the spaces and people they met along the way. The research demonstrates how the vulnerability which research participants feel was not constant. It oscillated depending primarily on spaces and social relationships which children encountered. Through ethnography and the life history approach, the daily experiences of the young people are looked at to provide an understanding of the way they dealt and are still dealing with their vulnerability. The intention being to show that vulnerability is always shifting and being shifted by young people.

Thesis advisor: Maria E. Brisk / Drawing on Collins' (2009) framework on domination and seeing language as a signifier (Bhaba, 1994), this critical ethnography explores the relationship between language and power within the context of a school focused on serving the needs of newcomer immigrant youth in the United States, a country that has increasingly become polarized around issues of immigration, social, and educational policy. Conducting observations in multiple social contexts and informal/semi-structured interviews, the study focuses on six non-Spanish speaking newcomer immigrant youth navigating a particular phenomenon - English and Spanish being dominant languages in their social contexts inside and outside of school. Data were analyzed using guidelines of critical ethnography (Carspecken, 1996). Salient findings include issues of assimilation, meritocracy, and invisibility at the school. The importance of transnational connection, restoration, and accessing social and cultural capital outside of school were also noteworthy. Suggested additions to theorizing work and research with this population as well as critical implications for newcomer schools are also presented. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction.

Thesis advisor: Thomas M. Crea / The ability of school communities to develop successful integration strategies for youth from immigrant communities is of pressing concern. The goal of this dissertation is to explore how immigrant youth interact with their peers in friendship networks and school communities in order to inform efforts to promote the successful integration of immigrant youth in US schools. Data from the 1994-1995 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) are used in three separate studies to examine processes of integration. First, the integration of immigrant youth is analyzed at dyadic, network, and school institution levels. Second, exponential random graph modeling (ERGM) is used to examine how immigrant generation plays a role in friendship formation in 63 US schools. Third, cross-sectional ERGM and longitudinal stochastic actor-based models (SABM) are developed to examine how race, immigrant generation, spoken language, and social network processes give rise to youth friendship networks in one US school. Key findings are as follows: first, youth from immigrant families overall are successfully integrating into school friendship networks and communities. First-generation youth are located only slightly on the margins while second-generation youth are located in positions of social advantage. Second, school contexts change the nature of friendship decision-making. Immigrant youth in more diverse schools are more likely to integrate through cross-group friendships, providing evidence for contact theory of intergroup relations. Third, while immigrant generation and spoken language emerge as salient predictors of friendship formation, other factors such as grade level, race and ethnicity, as well as social network processes remain the primary drivers of friendship formation. In the final chapter, an applied theory of immigrant integration in school settings grounded in theories of social structure is proposed. Together, the findings of this research will inform efforts to better serve culturally and linguistically diverse youth in American schools and aim to help promote the integration of youth from immigrant communities. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work. / Discipline: Social Work.

Thesis advisor: Stephen Pfohl / Recent work on Hispanic immigrants has consistently shown a decline in educational attainment over generations-since-immigration despite the fact that advanced education is currently presented in the public arena as the foundation for economic mobility (Telles and Ortiz). This study investigates the seeming contradiction of Hispanic youth's disengagement from the system that is presented as the pathway to increased economic achievement. The dissertation is based on findings from a qualitative study consisting of in-depth interviews, focus groups, and ethnographic data collected during an 18 month stay in a small, semi-rural, largely Hispanic, community in New Mexico, where the local high school has a graduation rate of 55%. Refuting claims that school disengagement emerges from either low ability or "leveled aspirations," the findings of this study indicate that young people's decisions are based largely on the advice that they are given regarding the economic utility of post-secondary schooling. Lacking this advice these young people determined it was not worth the risk of time out of the labor market, money, and effort that advanced schooling required. The findings of this study argue that one of the key reasons these young people disengage from school stems from the failure of any institution or individual to make it clear to students how educational credentials connect to occupational opportunities. Thus, a number of young people who have had some success at school still choose to leave because they are unconvinced that educational credentials are actually economically useful. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology.