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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Expressió de ZAP-70 en linfòcits B normals i síndromes limfoproliferatives B

Crespo Maull, Marta 23 June 2006 (has links)
La Leucèmia Limfàtica Crònica (LLC), la més freqüent de les leucèmies en el món occidental, és una malaltia produïda per la proliferació i cúmul de limfòcits B madurs, actualment incurable. Aproximadament el 50 de les LLCs presenten hipermutacions al gen de les immunoglobulines (IgVH), el que indica que podrien representar un subgrup diferent de cèl·lules que passen pel centre germinal, el lloc fisiològic de les hipermutacions.6. A més a més, els pacients sense hipermutacions tenen un pitjor pronòstic. L'anàlisi de les immunoglobulines és de gran interès pel pronòstic dels malalts d'LLC. Malauradament aquest és costós i llarg. És per això que una de les prioritats a la recerca en LLC és identificar marcadors relacionats amb les hipermutacions de les immunoglobulines. Recentment s'ha descrit la presència de la proteïna ZAP-70 en cèl·lules de LLC sense mutacions a les immunoglobulines. ZAP-70 és una kinasa de la família de tirosines kinases Syk/ZAP-70 que s'expressa normalment en limfòcits T i NK, on participa en la senyalització a través del TCR. També es troba en limfòcits pro/pre-B de ratolí, però no s'ha descrit en limfòcits B humans.La hipòtesi de treball del present projecte consisteix en que la expressió de ZAP-70 podria estar relacionada amb l'estat mutacional de les immunoglobulines i, per tant, amb la progressió de la LLC cap a estadis més avançats. Aquesta proteïna podria trobar-se en limfòcits pro/pre-B humans i en les neoplàsies que en deriven, les leucèmies agudes limfoblàstiques B.RESULTATS I CONCLUSIONS:- El 57 % dels casos de LLC tenen una elevada expressió de ZAP-70. La determinació de ZAP-70 per citometria és un factor pronòstic ràpid i fiable i de gran utilitat clínica en la LLC.- L'expressió de ZAP-70 es troba en limfòcits pro/pre-B normals i desapareix en estadis maduratius posteriors. - El 56% de les leucèmies agudes limfoblàstiques B expressen ZAP-70, probablement com a reflex del seu orígen cel·lular- La proteïna ZAP-70 es troba expressada de manera aberrant en aproximadament un trenta per cent de les leucèmies/limfomes de Burkitt, ja que no es troba el limfòcits B de fenotip madur- la proteïna ZAP-70 i d'altres elements senyalitzadors del pre-TCR/TCR es troben expressats i fosforilats en les cèl·lules de leucèmia aguda limfoblàstica B, possiblement col·laborant amb altres proteïnes senyalitzadores en garantir la senyalització a través del pre-BCR. / BACKGROUND: The mutational status of immunoglobulin variable region genes (IgVH) is an important prognostic parameter in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Unfortunately, no good surrogates for IgVH mutations have as yet been identified. The ZAP-70 gene is overexpressed in a subset of CLL cases, this change correlating with the lack of mutations of IgVH.METHODS: To probe the suggestive link between ZAP-70 expression and IgVH mutations, ZAP-70 was analyzed in different cell lines and in 56 CLL pacients using flow cytometry, Western Blot, and/or immunohistochemistry methods. The results were correlated with the IgVH mutational status and patients outcome.RESULTS: Using flow cytometry ZAP-70 expression was higher in IgVH unmutated CLL (n=35) (48 percent of cells ± 21 percent) than in mutated cells (n=21) (5.7 percent of cells ± 3.8 percent). All CLL patients with ZAP-70 expression > 20 percent (n=32) lacked IgVH mutations, whereas 21/24 CLL with ZAP-70 < 20 percent exhibited IgVH mutations. Finally, ZAP-70 expression had prognostic significance for progression and survival in Binet A cases.CONCLUSIONS: ZAP-70 expression by flow cytometry correlated with the IgVH mutational status and had prognostic significance in CLL patients. Therefore, ZAP-70 analysis can be considered a reliable surrogate for the IgVH mutational status in CLL and a useful tool for assessing prognosis in this disease.PURPOSE: ZAP-70 gene is normally expressed in T and NK cells, where is required for the T-cell receptor signaling. It has been described that ZAP-70 contributes to the B-cell development at early stages of B-cell differentiation in mice. The purpose was to investigate the presence of ZAP-70 in normal pro/pre B-cells and mature B-cells, and in tumoral cells from B-acute lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALLs).EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: ZAP-70 expression was ascertained by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and quantitative RT-PCR. Analysis of ZAP-70 and other signalling proteins of the pre-TCR/TCR was performed by Western Blot.RESULTS: ZAP-70 was expressed in pro/pre B-cells, but not in normal mature B-cells derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood or tonsil. Among tumoral cells, ZAP-70 was expressed in 56% of B-ALLs with pro/pre B-cell phenotype and in 4/6 Burkitt/ALL lymphomas. Moreover, other elements of the pre-TCR/TCR signaling pathway, like LAT and Lck, were also found in B-ALL cells.CONCLUSIONS: Amongst normal B-cell subsets, ZAP-70 was found expressed in normal pro/pre B-cells, but not in a significant proportion of normal B-cells with mature phenotype. Moreover, the presence of ZAP-70 in B-ALLs probably reflects their cellular origin. The lack of ZAP-70 expression in normal mature B-cells suggests that its expression in mature-derived neoplasms with different cellular origin, such as Burkitt's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, might be due to an aberrant phenomenon.
2

Aspectos clínico-laboratoriais na evolução de pacientes com deficiência de imunoglobulina A diagnosticados na infância e de seus familiares / Clinical and laboratorial features from patients with IgA deficiency diagnosed in childhood and from their relatives

Fahl, Kristine 24 June 2008 (has links)
A deficiência de imunoglobulina A (DIgA) é a imunodeficiência primária mais comum com prevalência de 1: 223 a 1:1000 em estudos epidemiológcos, sendo menos freqüente em populações asiáticas. As manifestações clínicas variam desde indivíduos assintomáticos até aqueles com manifestações atópicas, auto-imunes ou infecciosas. Entre estas últimas destacam-se os acometimentos dos tratos respiratório e digestório. Associação com outras imunodeficiências primárias tem sido reportada, em especial a imunodeficiência comum variável e a deficiência de subclasses de imunoglobulina G. Os objetivos deste estudo foram a avaliação dos pacientes com DIgA, diagnosticados na infância, após a segunda década da vida e a avaliação diagnóstica de seus familiares quanto aos aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais. A metodologia utilizou, para o diagnóstico de DIgA, o critério adotado pelo ESID/PAGID (1999). Foi realizada a avaliação das concentrações de imunoglobulina A(IgA) e imunoglobulina M (IgM), na saliva e a pesquisa de auto-anticorpos séricos (Anti-tireóide, FR,FAN) nos pacientes e familiares com DIgA. Realizou-se uma curva de distribuição de IgM salivar em indivíduos normais para comparação com os pacientes DIgA. Os resultados mostraram a avaliação dos 34 pacientes (19 do sexo feminino) com deficiência de imunoglobulina A (DIgA) com idade superior a 10 anos (variação: 10 à 52 anos), sendo 27 deles diagnosticados na infância e 7 familiares dos 62, que responderam à convocação. Considerando-se todos os indivíduos com DIgA, processos infecciosos (de repetição ou graves) ocorreram em 91,2%, manifestações atópicas em 58,8% e auto-imunidade em 52,9%. Manifestações clínicas de auto-imunidade foram observadas em 14/18 indivíduos, sendo que sete foram diagnosticados após 10 anos de idade, por ocasião da realização da pesquisa. Auto-anticorpos foram observados em 10 pacientes, sendo quatro pacientes assintomáticos. Fator reumatóide não foi detectado nesta casuística. Tireoidopatias (seis casos) e artropatias (quatro casos) foram as manifestações clínicas auto-imunes mais observadas. As concentrações de IgM salivar mostraramse elevadas em todos, exceto cinco casos. A comparação dessas concentrações nos grupos com e sem auto-imunidade não mostrou diferença significante (p= 0,48). As conclusões desta pesquisa mostraram os processos infecciosos como as manifestações clínicas mais freqüentes nos pacientes com DIgA, observando-se, porém, uma relevante presença de auto-imunidade nestes pacientes quando reavaliados após a segunda década de vida. Este fato alerta para a necessidade de avaliação rotineira de fenômenos auto- imunes nestes pacientes, durante seguimento. As concentrações de IgM salivar foram semelhantes em pacientes com DIgA com e sem auto-imunidade. Auto-anticorpos foram detectados independentemente da presença de sintomatologia clínica, sendo os mais encontrados aqueles relacionados à tireóide. Os familiares de primeiro grau dos pacientes com DIgA devem ser avaliados, tanto para diagnóstico de imunodeficiências como para detecção de fenômenos auto-imunes, permitindo assim o diagnóstico e abordagens precoces de ambas condições. / IgA deficiency (IgAD) is the most frequent primary immunodeficiency. Its prevalence varies from 1:223 to 1:1000 in epidemiological studies, but in asiatic populations it is uncommon. The clinical manifestations of IgAD are spectral, ranging from asymptomatic patients to recurrent infections, allergic symptoms and/or autoimmunity conditions. The most common infections frequently associated to IgAD involve respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. The association with other primary immunodeficiency such as common variable immunodeficiency and immunoglobulin G subclasses deficiency has been reported. The aim of this study is to describe clinical and laboratorial evolution regarding autoimmune manifestations in IgAD patients diagnosed during the first years of life and after the second decade and their relatives diagnosed during this study. Laboratorial data included immunoglobulins A and M levels in saliva and auto-antibody screening in immunoglobulin A deficient relatives and patient. The criterion adopted for IgAD diagnosis was defined by Pan-American Group for Immunodeficiency and European Society for Immunodeficiency. The results showed 34 (19 female) immunoglobulin A deficient patients (IgAD) over 10 years of age (range: 10-52 years), 27 of them diagnosed during their childhood, and seven adults detected among 62 screened relatives. Recurrent infections were diagnosed in 91.2% of cases, atopic manifestations in 58.8% and autoimmune clinical manifestation in 52.9%. Autoimmune clinical manifestations were observed in 14 of our 18 IgA deficient patients and relatives with autoimmunity phenomena and seven of them diagnosed only over 10 years old during the study. Auto-antibodies were observed in (10/18) of patients and relatives, with four of them (asymptomatic) showing only the presence of auto-antibodies. Thyroid and osteo-articular involvement (six and four cases, respectively) were the most frequent clinical autoimmune manifestations. The rheumatoid factor was not detected in this casuistic. Auto-antibodies had no statistical difference among patients with or without autoimmunity phenomena. High salivary IgM concentrations were detected in all IgA deficient patients and relatives, except five cases. The comparison of these concentrations in the groups with and without autoimmunity did not show significant difference (p=.0, 48). In conclusion, recurrent infections were the most frequent clinical manifestations of IgA deficient patients and also autoimmune diseases, after the second decade of life. This fact at this series reinforced the necessity of active search for autoimmune conditions diagnosis in these patients. IgM levels showed no statistical difference among IgA deficient patients and relatives with or without autoimmunity. Auto-antibodies, mainly anti-thyroid antibodies, were detected in patients independently of autoimmunity clinical manifestation presence. This study showed the importance of the first degree relatives of IgA deficient patients evaluation, focusing as immunodeficiency as autoimmune disease, permiting an earlier diagnosis of both conditions and an adequate approach to optimize the clinical management and improvement of quality of life of IgAD patients.
3

Aspectos clínico-laboratoriais na evolução de pacientes com deficiência de imunoglobulina A diagnosticados na infância e de seus familiares / Clinical and laboratorial features from patients with IgA deficiency diagnosed in childhood and from their relatives

Kristine Fahl 24 June 2008 (has links)
A deficiência de imunoglobulina A (DIgA) é a imunodeficiência primária mais comum com prevalência de 1: 223 a 1:1000 em estudos epidemiológcos, sendo menos freqüente em populações asiáticas. As manifestações clínicas variam desde indivíduos assintomáticos até aqueles com manifestações atópicas, auto-imunes ou infecciosas. Entre estas últimas destacam-se os acometimentos dos tratos respiratório e digestório. Associação com outras imunodeficiências primárias tem sido reportada, em especial a imunodeficiência comum variável e a deficiência de subclasses de imunoglobulina G. Os objetivos deste estudo foram a avaliação dos pacientes com DIgA, diagnosticados na infância, após a segunda década da vida e a avaliação diagnóstica de seus familiares quanto aos aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais. A metodologia utilizou, para o diagnóstico de DIgA, o critério adotado pelo ESID/PAGID (1999). Foi realizada a avaliação das concentrações de imunoglobulina A(IgA) e imunoglobulina M (IgM), na saliva e a pesquisa de auto-anticorpos séricos (Anti-tireóide, FR,FAN) nos pacientes e familiares com DIgA. Realizou-se uma curva de distribuição de IgM salivar em indivíduos normais para comparação com os pacientes DIgA. Os resultados mostraram a avaliação dos 34 pacientes (19 do sexo feminino) com deficiência de imunoglobulina A (DIgA) com idade superior a 10 anos (variação: 10 à 52 anos), sendo 27 deles diagnosticados na infância e 7 familiares dos 62, que responderam à convocação. Considerando-se todos os indivíduos com DIgA, processos infecciosos (de repetição ou graves) ocorreram em 91,2%, manifestações atópicas em 58,8% e auto-imunidade em 52,9%. Manifestações clínicas de auto-imunidade foram observadas em 14/18 indivíduos, sendo que sete foram diagnosticados após 10 anos de idade, por ocasião da realização da pesquisa. Auto-anticorpos foram observados em 10 pacientes, sendo quatro pacientes assintomáticos. Fator reumatóide não foi detectado nesta casuística. Tireoidopatias (seis casos) e artropatias (quatro casos) foram as manifestações clínicas auto-imunes mais observadas. As concentrações de IgM salivar mostraramse elevadas em todos, exceto cinco casos. A comparação dessas concentrações nos grupos com e sem auto-imunidade não mostrou diferença significante (p= 0,48). As conclusões desta pesquisa mostraram os processos infecciosos como as manifestações clínicas mais freqüentes nos pacientes com DIgA, observando-se, porém, uma relevante presença de auto-imunidade nestes pacientes quando reavaliados após a segunda década de vida. Este fato alerta para a necessidade de avaliação rotineira de fenômenos auto- imunes nestes pacientes, durante seguimento. As concentrações de IgM salivar foram semelhantes em pacientes com DIgA com e sem auto-imunidade. Auto-anticorpos foram detectados independentemente da presença de sintomatologia clínica, sendo os mais encontrados aqueles relacionados à tireóide. Os familiares de primeiro grau dos pacientes com DIgA devem ser avaliados, tanto para diagnóstico de imunodeficiências como para detecção de fenômenos auto-imunes, permitindo assim o diagnóstico e abordagens precoces de ambas condições. / IgA deficiency (IgAD) is the most frequent primary immunodeficiency. Its prevalence varies from 1:223 to 1:1000 in epidemiological studies, but in asiatic populations it is uncommon. The clinical manifestations of IgAD are spectral, ranging from asymptomatic patients to recurrent infections, allergic symptoms and/or autoimmunity conditions. The most common infections frequently associated to IgAD involve respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. The association with other primary immunodeficiency such as common variable immunodeficiency and immunoglobulin G subclasses deficiency has been reported. The aim of this study is to describe clinical and laboratorial evolution regarding autoimmune manifestations in IgAD patients diagnosed during the first years of life and after the second decade and their relatives diagnosed during this study. Laboratorial data included immunoglobulins A and M levels in saliva and auto-antibody screening in immunoglobulin A deficient relatives and patient. The criterion adopted for IgAD diagnosis was defined by Pan-American Group for Immunodeficiency and European Society for Immunodeficiency. The results showed 34 (19 female) immunoglobulin A deficient patients (IgAD) over 10 years of age (range: 10-52 years), 27 of them diagnosed during their childhood, and seven adults detected among 62 screened relatives. Recurrent infections were diagnosed in 91.2% of cases, atopic manifestations in 58.8% and autoimmune clinical manifestation in 52.9%. Autoimmune clinical manifestations were observed in 14 of our 18 IgA deficient patients and relatives with autoimmunity phenomena and seven of them diagnosed only over 10 years old during the study. Auto-antibodies were observed in (10/18) of patients and relatives, with four of them (asymptomatic) showing only the presence of auto-antibodies. Thyroid and osteo-articular involvement (six and four cases, respectively) were the most frequent clinical autoimmune manifestations. The rheumatoid factor was not detected in this casuistic. Auto-antibodies had no statistical difference among patients with or without autoimmunity phenomena. High salivary IgM concentrations were detected in all IgA deficient patients and relatives, except five cases. The comparison of these concentrations in the groups with and without autoimmunity did not show significant difference (p=.0, 48). In conclusion, recurrent infections were the most frequent clinical manifestations of IgA deficient patients and also autoimmune diseases, after the second decade of life. This fact at this series reinforced the necessity of active search for autoimmune conditions diagnosis in these patients. IgM levels showed no statistical difference among IgA deficient patients and relatives with or without autoimmunity. Auto-antibodies, mainly anti-thyroid antibodies, were detected in patients independently of autoimmunity clinical manifestation presence. This study showed the importance of the first degree relatives of IgA deficient patients evaluation, focusing as immunodeficiency as autoimmune disease, permiting an earlier diagnosis of both conditions and an adequate approach to optimize the clinical management and improvement of quality of life of IgAD patients.

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