No Estado do Maranhão, na região da Baixada Maranhense, presenta na fauna silvestre o réptil Kinosternon scorpioides, um quelônio de água doce popularmente conhecido como jurará e que possui valor social, econômico e ambiental para os ribeirinhos da cidade de São Bento. Este estudo contempla suas características biológicas reprodutivas baseadas em seu ambiente natural, com o intuito de permitir a preservação e o estabelecimento de planos de manejo reprodutivo e de uso sustentável da espécie. Recentemente poucos estudos em todo o mundo tratam sobre os aspectos do ciclo reprodutivo de tartarugas em face das características endócrinas, na América do Sul estudos desse tipo são recentes e escassos, sendo assim este é o primeiro estudo, que se tem conhecimento, que elucida um padrão sazonal reprodutivo da espécie K. scorpioides, associando hormônios gonadais com aspectos comportamentais. Trinta e oito animais adultos tiveram seus órgãos reprodutivos caracterizados para as enzimas esteroidogênicas P450 aromatase, P450c17 e PNADPH redutase através de imunomarcação e blotting, além de índice gonadossomático, morfometria e concentração de testosterona, corticosterona e estradiol pela técnica de radioimunoensaio. As mudanças biométricas, morfometria celular e a esteroidogênese testicular entre os períodos chuvoso e seco sugerem que o estrógeno produzido pelas células de leydig podem afetar a produção e a apoptose de células germinais durante o processo de espermatogênese, e a presença das enzimas P450aromatase e P450c17 em células de leydig acompanhados com a recrudescência testicular também reforça a ideia, de que elas podem desempenhar um papel na quiescência testicular. Esse trabalho evidenciou que as enzimas citocromo P450, citocromo P450c17 e NADPH-citocromo P450-redutase estão presentes no testículo e epidídimo nos diferentes períodos climáticos e podem estar relacionados à síntese de testosterona em tartarugas concordando com os diferentes achados para biometria e espermiogênese nos períodos chuvoso e seco, o que, nos leva a sugerir um estado de quiescência durante o período seco e atividade espermatogênica no período chuvoso, semelhante ao que ocorre com as espécies que apresentam comportamento reprodutivo sazonal / In the state of Maranhão, in the lowland region, the reptile Kinosternon scorpioides, a freshwater chelonian, popularly known as swear has social, economic and environmental value to the riparian of the city of São Bento. This study includes reproductive biological characteristics based on their natural environment in order to enable the preservation and the establishment of reproductive management plans and sustainable use of the species. To date, few studies around the world address the aspects of the reproductive cycle of the turtles in the face of the endocrine features. In South America, these studies are recent and scarce. So this is the first study that elucidates a reproductive seasonal pattern of the species K. scorpioides, by associating gonadal hormones with behavioral aspects. Thirty-eight adult animals had their reproductive organs characterized for P450 steroidogenic enzyme aromatase, P450c17 and NADPH reductase by immunostaining and immunoblotting, and gonadossomatic index, morphology and concentration of testosterone, corticosterone and estradiol by radioimmunoassay. Biometric changes, cell morphology and testicular steroidogenesis between the rainy and dry seasons suggests that the estrogen produced by the leydig cells can affect the production and apoptosis of germ cells during spermatogenesis process; and the presence of P450aromatase and P450c17 enzymes in the leydig cells accompanied with testicular recrudescence also reinforces the idea that they may play a role in testicular quiescence. This work showed that the cytochrome P450 enzymes, P450c17 and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase are present in the testis and epididymis at different climatic periods and may be related to testosterone synthesis in turtles agreeing to the different findings for biometrics and spermiogenesis in and dry rainy periods. These findings suggest a state of quiescence during the dry season and spermatogenic activity during the rainy season, similar to those found in species with seasonal reproductive behavior

No description available.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR, EC 1.1.1.34) catalyzes the reaction from hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA to mevalonate in the isoprenoid pathway. In solanaceous plants, one class of endproducts of the pathway are sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins, antibiotic compounds produced by plants in response to pathogens. We are interested in the role of the defense-inducible isoforms of HMGR in phytoalexin production and disease resistance. Transgenic tobacco, constitutively expressing the defense-inducible tomato hmgr isogene, hmg2, showed fewer and smaller lesions following tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inoculation. There is little evidence of phytoalexins acting directly against viruses, but they may reduce the spread of viruses as part of the hypersensitive response resulting in death of the host cell. Transmission electron microscopy of leaf cells of the transgenic plants revealed a larger volume of cytosol and accumulation of electron-dense inclusion bodies within the vacuoles. No structures resembling crystalloid ER or karmellae, caused by overexpression of hmgr in mammalian or yeast cells, respectively, were observed. Similar inclusion bodies were found in the vacuoles of wild-type tobacco leaf cells adjacent to necrotic cells in a TMV lesion. Tobacco expressing a truncated (membrane domain) form of hmg2 did not show enhanced resistance to TMV or any ultrastructural changes, indicating the importance of catalytically active HMG2 in mediating these changes. Sesquiterpene cyclase (a key branch point enzyme controlling sesquiterpene phytoalexin biosynthesis) was not induced and the amount of capsidiol, the tobacco phytoalexin, was not elevated by expression of hmg2. After TMV-inoculation, HMGR activity and the amount of capsidiol were higher in the wild-type than in the transgenic plants. Consequently, the enhanced resistance to TMV was not due to constitutive capsidiol production. The transgenic plants may have been able to produce sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins faster due to constitutive hmg2- expression and restricted the spread of the virus earlier, so that only a few cells were sacrificed. The subcellular localization of the defense-specific HMG2 isoform was determined by tagging tomato hmg2 with a c-myc epitope, and constitutively expressing the construct in transgenic tobacco plants. In non-induced leaves, MYC-HMG2 was found localized in small clusters associated with the ER. In TMV-inoculated leaves MYC-HMG2 co-localized with sesquiterpene cyclase to the vacuolar inclusion bodies suggesting that they may contain a defense-induced, membrane-associated multienzyme complex dedicated to sesquiterpene production. Our results support the hypothesis of the multibranched plant isoprenoid pathway being partly regulated by pathway partitioning. / Ph. D.

No description available.

No description available.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-11T13:29:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 micheliaantoniadonascimentogusmao.pdf: 2029497 bytes, checksum: 4ab5e6f5d64e0b6010c2ea583d1ed036 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-20T18:43:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 micheliaantoniadonascimentogusmao.pdf: 2029497 bytes, checksum: 4ab5e6f5d64e0b6010c2ea583d1ed036 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T18:43:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 micheliaantoniadonascimentogusmao.pdf: 2029497 bytes, checksum: 4ab5e6f5d64e0b6010c2ea583d1ed036 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-06 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A esquistossomose é uma doença que acomete cerca de 200 milhões de pessoas no mundo causando grande morbidade. Devido à falta de vacina para essa doença, muitos antígenos são pesquisados. Um domínio antigênico B (r156-195) da ATPDase 2 de Schistosoma mansoni foi previamente descrito, e dois peptídeos sintéticos (SmB1LJ, r155-176; SmB2LJ, r175-194) derivados deste domínio foram obtidos com o objetivo de avaliar a imunogenicidade dessa proteía. O inóculo de cada peptídeo em camundongos BALB/c induziu atividade imunoestimulatória significativa, elevando os níveis de anticorpos IgG1 e IgG2, como detectado por ELISA. Os anticorpos policlonais anti-SmB1LJ e anti-SmB2LJ, quando imobilizados em Proteína A-Sepharose, imunoprecipitaram aproximadamente 42-96% da atividade ADPásica da preparação de verme adulto. Por “Western blots” do complexo imunoprecipitado, três bandas de 76, 63 e 55 kDa foram identificadas pelos dois soros imunes, confirmando a identidade da ATPDase 2, e sugerindo que esta proteína está sujeita a vários processamentos pós-tradução, tais como glicosilação e proteólise, resultando finalmente em uma proteína secretada de 55 kDa. Adicionalmente, anticorpos policlonais anti-SmB2LJ inibiram 62% e 37% das atividades ATPásica e ADPásica, respectivamente, enquanto anticorpos policlonais anti-SmB1LJ inibiram ADPase (92%), mas não atividade ATPásica, sugerindo que o domínio B da ATPDase 2 do S. mansoni está envolvido na regulação catalítica da enzima, sendo um novo alvo para o desenho de inibidores. Imunomarcação com anticorpos policlonais anti-SmB2LJ de cortes de fígado de camundongo infectado revelaram reações positivas na superfície externa do miracídio no ovo de S. mansoni. Fluorescência intensa foi detectada na região entre o miracídio e o lado interno da casca do ovo, localizada no envelope de von Lichtenberg, a qual é uma região de produção de componentes imunogênicos. Fluorescência foi também detectada no lado de fora da casca do ovo, aprisionada pelos microespinhos de superfície, confirmando que esta proteína, como no verme adulto, é também secretada de ovos de S. mansoni. Nenhuma reatividade foi observada nos tecidos granulomatosos circundantes. Amostras de plasmas de camundongos Swiss infectados com S. mansoni foram testadas por ELISA usando SmB1LJ or SmB2LJ como antígeno. Reatividade significativamente maior de anticorpos IgG, IgG1 ou IgG2a foi detectada com SmB1LJ, enquanto somente anticorpo IgG1 foi altamente reativo com SmB2LJ. A reatividade de amostras de plasma (diluídas 1:200) de camundongos Swiss previamente inoculados com apirase de batata ou r-potDomínio B, um polipeptídio com cauda de hexahistidina derivado do domínio B (r78-117) da apirase de batata, e homólogo ao domínio B da ATPDase 2, foi também testada por ELISA usando os peptídeos como antígenos. Anticorpos policlonais IgG e IgG1 anti-apirase de batata reagiram significativamente com SmB1LJ, enquanto somente IgG1 reagiu com SmB2LJ. Anticorpos policlonais anti-r-potDomínio B não reagiram significativamente com SmB2LJ. Comparado aos controles, amostras de plasma (diluídas 1:200) destes animais pré-imunizados com apirase de batata ou r-potDomínio B e desafiados com S. mansoni não reagem significativamente com os peptídeos. Os resultados confirmaram que o domínio B da ATPDase 2 está potencialmente envolvido na resposta imune do hospedeiro, e os peptídeos SmB1LJ e SmB2LJ podem ser usados em estudos da esquistossomose. / Schistosomiasis is a disease that affects approximately 200 million people worldwide causing great morbidity. Due to lack of vaccine for this disease, many antigens are searched. An antigenic domain B (r156-195) from the Schistosoma mansoni ATPDase 2 isoform was previously described, and two synthetic peptides (SmB1LJ, r155-176; SmB2LJ, r175-194) belonging to this domain were obtained. Inoculation of each peptide in healthy BALB/c mice induced significant immunostimulatory activity, increasing the IgG1 and IgG2a antibody levels, as detected by ELISA. The polyclonal anti-SmB1LJ and anti-SmB2LJ antibodies, when immobilized on Protein A-Sepharose, immunoprecipitated approximately 42-96% of the ADPase activity from the adult worm preparation. By Western blots of immunoprecipitated complex, three bands of 76, 63 and 55 kDa were identified by the two immune sera, confirming the ATPDase 2 identity, and suggesting that this protein is subject to several posttranslational processing, such as glycosylation and proteolysis, resulting finally in a secreted protein of 55 kDa. Additionally, polyclonal anti-SmB2LJ antibodies inhibited 62% and 37% of the ATPase and ADPase activities, respectively, whereas polyclonal anti-SmB1LJ antibodies inhibited ADPase (92%), but not ATPase activity, suggesting that the domain B from the S. mansoni ATPDase 2 is involved in enzyme catalytic regulation, being a new target for inhibitor design. Immunolabelled cryostat sections of infected mouse liver by the anti-SmB2LJ polyclonal antibodies revealed positive reactions on the external surface from the miracidium in the S. mansoni egg. Intense fluorescence was detected in the region between the miracidium and the inner side of the egg-shell, located in von Lichtenberg’s envelope, which is a region of production of immunogenic components. Fluorescence was also detected in the outer side of the egg-shell and entrapped by the surface microspines, confirming that this protein, like in the adult worm, is also secreted from the S. mansoni eggs. No reactivity was observed in the surrounding granumomatous tissues, which are rich en inflammatory cells. Serum samples from S. mansoni-infected Swiss mice were tested by ELISA using SmB1LJ or SmB2LJ as coating antigen. Significantly higher IgG, IgG1 or IgG2a antibody reactivity was detected against SmB1LJ, whereas only IgG1 antibody was highly reactive against SmB2LJ. The reactivity of plasma samples (diluted 1:200) from Swiss mice previously inoculated with potato apyrase or r-potDomain B, a 6xHis tag polypeptide belonging to the domain B (r78-117) from the potato apyrase, homologue to the domain B from the ATPDase 2, was also tested by ELISA using the peptides as coating antigens. Polyclonal IgG and IgG1 anti-potato apyrase antibodies significantly reacted with SmB1LJ, whereas only IgG1 reacted with SmB2LJ. Polyclonal anti-r-potDomain B antibodies did not significantly react with SmB2LJ. Compared to controls, plasma samples (diluted 1:200) from these animals pre-immunized with potato apyrase or r-potDomain B and challenged with S. mansoni did not react significantly with peptides. The results confirmed that the domain B from the ATPDase 2 is potentially involved in the host immune response, and peptides SmB1LJ and SmB2LJ can be used in schistosomiasis studies.

Les efflorescences de cyanobactéries sont susceptibles d’avoir des effets néfastes sur les organismes des écosystèmes aquatiques, ainsi que sur les populations environnantes, notamment à travers la production de nombreuses molécules potentiellement toxiques (appelées cyanotoxines). Jusqu'à présent, une des cyanotoxines les plus étudiées est la microcystine (MC). Cette thèse a pour objectif d’évaluer la toxicité potentielle sur la reproduction de la MC-LR et de l'extrait d'une souche de Microcystis productrice de MCs en étudiant leurs effets toxiques sur le foie et les gonades de poissons medaka adultes exposés de manière aiguë ou chronique.Une étude complète du foie des poissons médaka deux sexes a été menés par ailleurs, attestant d'un fort dimorphisme sexuel aussi bien au niveau cellulaire que moléculaire et souligne les importantes spécificités métaboliques du foie entre les deux sexes, notamment pour le maintien de la compétence de reproduction chez les poissons medaka adultes femelles.Dans l'étude des effets induits par une exposition aiguë, les poissons medaka adultes ont été exposés par gavage à 10 μg.g-1 bw de MC-LR pure pendant 1 heure. L'examen histologique et l'immunolocalisation des MCs du foie de poisson traité par la MC-LR ont révélé des lésions hépatiques sévères ainsi qu'une distribution intense de la MC-LR dans le foie, localisée particulièrement dans le cytoplasme et dans le noyau des hépatocytes. Dans la gonade des poissons traités, la MC-LR a été détectée dans les tissus conjonctifs de l'ovaire et des testicules. De plus, l’observation par microscopie électronique couplé à la technique d’immunogold a révélé, pour la première fois, que la MC-LR était également détectable dans le chorion, le cytoplasme et le vitellus des ovocytes matures.Au cours des études des effets induits par l’exposition chronique, les poissons medaka adultes ont été exposés durant 28 jours par balnéation à 1 et 5 μg.L-1 de MC-LR et à un extrait de la souche de Microcystis aeruginosa (PCC 7820) productrice de microcystines (5 μg.L-1 équivalent MC-LR). Ces résultats ont révélé que la MC-LR et l'extrait de Microcystis induisent des effets délétères sur différents paramètres de reproduction, tels la fécondité et le taux d’éclosion des embryons. La cause principale de ces perturbations de la reproduction semblent principalement résulté d’un dysfonction hépatique globale induite par les traitements aux MCs (hépatotoxiques, notoires), plutôt qu’à des effets directs sur les gonades. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats de cette thèse démontrent que même si les microcystines pourraient avoir un impact direct, mais modéré, sur la fonction gonadique en induisant une cytotoxicité dans les cellules somatiques gonadiques et les cellules reproductrices, elle semble avoir principalement avoir un impact indirect sur la fonction reproductrice en perturbant la fonction hépatique générale. Ces données améliorent notre compréhension des processus liés à la toxicité potentielle des cyanotoxines pour la reproduction chez un poisson modèle, et fait d’une manière générale progresser questionnement quant à la protection des populations exposées à ces cyanotoxines. / Cyanobacterial blooms threaten human health as well as other living organisms of the aquatic environment, particularly due to the production of natural toxic components (called cyanotoxins). So far, one of the most studied cyanotoxins is the microcystin (MC). This thesis evaluated the potential reproductive toxicity of MC-LR and the extract of one Microcystis strain (MC-producing) by investigating their toxic effects on the liver and gonad of adult medaka fish with one acute and one chronic study.An investigation of the metabolic specificities of the liver in two genders of medaka fish was performed prior to the MC-containing exposure, which attests to a strong sexual dimorphism of medaka liver, and highlights the importance of metabolic adjustments of the liver for maintaining the reproductive competency in adult medaka fish.In the acute study, adult medaka fish were administered with 10 μg.g-1 bw of pure MC-LR for 1 hour by gavage. The histological examination and immunolocalization of the MC-treated fish liver revealed a severe liver lesion along with an intense distribution of MC-LR in the liver, being particularly localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of hepatocytes. In the gonad of MC-treated fish, MC-LR was shown to be present in the connective tissue of ovary and testis. Additionally, immunogold electron microscopy, for the first time, revealed that MC-LR was also localized in the chorion, cytoplasm and yolk vesicles of oocytes.Overall, the results of this thesis demonstrates that MC might directly impact gonadal function by inducing cytotoxicity in gonadal somatic cells and reproductive cells, and it could also impact the reproductive function indirectly by disturbing the general liver function. This improves our understanding of the potential reproductive toxicity of cyanotoxins in model fish, and advances our current knowledge on the protection of aquatic organism populations as well as human health from cyanotoxin issues.

A banana é considerada um bom modelo para o estudo da transformação amido-sacarose, já que acumula um alto teor de amido durante o desenvolvimento que é rapidamente degradado durante o amadurecimento. Várias enzimas e provavelmente mais de uma via metabólica estão envolvidas neste processo. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as características estruturais dos grânulos, bem como, a atuação das enzimas envolvidas em sua degradação. Os grânulos de amidos foram isolados de bananas controle (não tratadas) e submetidas a diferentes tratamentos: etileno, 1-MCP, frutos mantidos a 13°C e frutos tratados com etileno e mantidos a 13°C. Os resultados obtidos mostraram alta atividade de enzimas α e β-amilases ligadas ao grânulo tanto por ensaios in vitro como por géis de eletroforese contendo amilopectina como substrato. Os resultados obtidos para Western blot utilizando anticorpos produzidos contra essas enzimas, indicaram que a α-amilase atua no início da degradação enquanto a β-amilase foi encontrada no momento em que o amido estava em pleno processo. de degradação. Nos estudos de imunolocalização observou-se que as proteínas associadas aos grânulos de amido e em cortes do fruto demonstraram que estas enzimas estão localizadas na superfície do grânulo. As técnicas utilizadas para observação dos grânulos de amido foram a de Microscopia Óptica, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura e Microscopia de Varredura Confocal a Laser. Os grânulos apresentaram um padrão de degradação diferenciado para cada tratamento realizado nos frutos. O teor de amilose encontrado para os amidos foi ao redor de 15%, não variando durante a degradação. O padrão de difração de Raios-X foi do tipo B em amidos de banana recém-colhidas e tipos A e B foram encontrados em amidos degradados. O grau de cristalinidade aumentou de 15% para 17% nos amidos em degradação. / Banana fruit is considered a good example for studying the starch-sucrose transformation, accumulating high starch content during the development being rapidly degraded during the ripening. Several enzymes and, probably more then one metabolic way are involved in this processo Then, the aim of this work was to study the structural characteristics of starch granules and the action of the enzymes involved in its degradation. Starch granules were isolated from bananas control (fruits without treatment), and exposed to different treatments, such as: ethylene, 1-MCP, stored fruits to 13°C and stored fruits to 13°C + ethylene. Results obtained showed high activities of enzymes α and β-amylases associated to starch granules, measured by in vitro assay and native PAGE containing amylopectin like substrate. Results obtained by Western blot using antibodies against these enzymes, indicated that α-amylase is responsible for the initial attack on the starch, and β-amylase was localized at moment that starch was in degradation processo Results of the immunolocalization of proteins associated on starch granule and proteins on banana tissue confirmed that these enzymes are localized on granule surface. When techniques of microscopy were used to starch, such as Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, was observed that granules showed a different degradation pattern, for each treatment made on fruits. Amylose content obtained for starch was around 15%, not changing during degradation. B-type diffraction pattern was found for green banana starch, and A and. B-type patterns for degraded starch. Degree of crystallinity increased from 15% to 17% for starches during degradation.

A banana é considerada um bom modelo para o estudo da transformação amido-sacarose, já que acumula um alto teor de amido durante o desenvolvimento que é rapidamente degradado durante o amadurecimento. Várias enzimas e provavelmente mais de uma via metabólica estão envolvidas neste processo. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as características estruturais dos grânulos, bem como, a atuação das enzimas envolvidas em sua degradação. Os grânulos de amidos foram isolados de bananas controle (não tratadas) e submetidas a diferentes tratamentos: etileno, 1-MCP, frutos mantidos a 13°C e frutos tratados com etileno e mantidos a 13°C. Os resultados obtidos mostraram alta atividade de enzimas α e β-amilases ligadas ao grânulo tanto por ensaios in vitro como por géis de eletroforese contendo amilopectina como substrato. Os resultados obtidos para Western blot utilizando anticorpos produzidos contra essas enzimas, indicaram que a α-amilase atua no início da degradação enquanto a β-amilase foi encontrada no momento em que o amido estava em pleno processo. de degradação. Nos estudos de imunolocalização observou-se que as proteínas associadas aos grânulos de amido e em cortes do fruto demonstraram que estas enzimas estão localizadas na superfície do grânulo. As técnicas utilizadas para observação dos grânulos de amido foram a de Microscopia Óptica, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura e Microscopia de Varredura Confocal a Laser. Os grânulos apresentaram um padrão de degradação diferenciado para cada tratamento realizado nos frutos. O teor de amilose encontrado para os amidos foi ao redor de 15%, não variando durante a degradação. O padrão de difração de Raios-X foi do tipo B em amidos de banana recém-colhidas e tipos A e B foram encontrados em amidos degradados. O grau de cristalinidade aumentou de 15% para 17% nos amidos em degradação. / Banana fruit is considered a good example for studying the starch-sucrose transformation, accumulating high starch content during the development being rapidly degraded during the ripening. Several enzymes and, probably more then one metabolic way are involved in this processo Then, the aim of this work was to study the structural characteristics of starch granules and the action of the enzymes involved in its degradation. Starch granules were isolated from bananas control (fruits without treatment), and exposed to different treatments, such as: ethylene, 1-MCP, stored fruits to 13°C and stored fruits to 13°C + ethylene. Results obtained showed high activities of enzymes α and β-amylases associated to starch granules, measured by in vitro assay and native PAGE containing amylopectin like substrate. Results obtained by Western blot using antibodies against these enzymes, indicated that α-amylase is responsible for the initial attack on the starch, and β-amylase was localized at moment that starch was in degradation processo Results of the immunolocalization of proteins associated on starch granule and proteins on banana tissue confirmed that these enzymes are localized on granule surface. When techniques of microscopy were used to starch, such as Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, was observed that granules showed a different degradation pattern, for each treatment made on fruits. Amylose content obtained for starch was around 15%, not changing during degradation. B-type diffraction pattern was found for green banana starch, and A and. B-type patterns for degraded starch. Degree of crystallinity increased from 15% to 17% for starches during degradation.

L’auto-incompatibilité (AI) est la capacité génétiquement déterminée d’une plante fertile de rejeter son propre pollen. Chez les Solanacées l’AI dépend des éléments d’un locus fort complexe (locus S) multigénique. L’élément du locus-S exprimé dans le pistil est une ribonucléase (S-RNase) dont le rôle est de dégrader l’ARN chez le pollen self, tandis que l’élément du locus S exprimé dans le pollen est un ensemble de protéines du type F-box, qui sont normalement impliquées dans la dégradation des protéines. Cependant, comment les S-RNases self restent actives lors des croisements incompatibles et comment les S-RNases non-self sont inactivées lors des croisements compatibles ce n’est encore pas clair. Un modèle propose que les S-RNases non-self soient dégradées lors des croisements compatibles. Un autre modèle propose que toutes les S-RNases, self et non-self, soient d'abord séquestrées à l’intérieur d’une vacuole, et elles y resteraient lors des croisements compatibles. Lors de croisements incompatibles, par contre, elles seraient relâchées dans le cytoplasme, où elles pourront exercer leur action cytotoxique. Notre étude tente de répondre à ces questions. Notamment, nous cherchons à mettre en évidence la localisation vacuolaire et/ou cytoplasmique des S-RNases et leur concentration par immunolocalisation, en utilisant un anticorps ciblant la S11-RNase de Solanum chacoense et la microcopie électronique à transmission. Nos résultats montrent que la densité de marquage observée pour les S-RNases cytoplasmiques est significativement plus haute dans les tubes incompatibles que dans ceux compatibles ce qui nous indique que pour qu’un tube pollinique soit compatible il doit contenir une faible densité de S-RNase cytoplasmique. / Self-incompatibility (SI) is a widespread genetic device used by flowering plants to reject their own pollen, and thus to avoid inbreeding. This cell-cell recognition mechanism is mediated by molecular interactions between gene products expressed in the pollen and those expressed in specialized cells of the pistil. The genetic determinants of the system are produced from a highly complex multigenic S-locus with multiple S-haplotypes, although other genes outside the S-locus also contribute to the phenomenon in a non-allele specific manner. SI discriminates between self and non-self pollen, as the former will be rejected (incompatible cross), whereas the latter will be allowed to accomplish fertilization (compatible cross). In the Solanaceae (to which Solanum chacoense belongs) the pistillar determinant to SI is an extremely polymorphic stylar extracellular S-RNase, whereas the pollen determinant involves the collaborative action of several members of the F-box family (SLF or S-locus F-box). This has led to the hypothesis that during compatible crosses, ubiquitin-mediated degradation of non-self S-RNases takes place (degradation model). However, it has also been found that non-self S-RNases appear to be sequestered in the vacuole during compatible crosses (sequestration model). The objective of our study was to discriminate between these two models by using immunolocalization techniques and transmission electron microscopy. We have found that the concentration of S-RNases is significantly higher in incompatible pollen tubes than in compatible ones.