Na hierarquia social da corte imperial brasileira de d. Pedro II (1841-1889), vestirse adequadamente revelava riqueza, poder e influência. Desta maneira, uma parcela da nobreza e também de fazendeiros e negociantes enriquecidos pelos negócios do café passou a gastar parte de suas fortunas com roupas e assessórios importados. Esta tese mapeia quais eram os principais tecidos que entravam no país pelo porto do Rio de Janeiro, de que maneira esses tecidos eram transformados em roupa e, finalmente, vendidos na rua do Ouvidor. Assim, ao estudar o consumo de roupas no Rio de Janeiro imperial, podemos perceber como se caracterizava o nascente capitalismo nacional, dentro das transformações globais ocorridas durante a Revolução Industrial. / In the social hierarchy of the Brazilian imperial court of d. Pedro II (1841-1889), dress codes would reveal wealth, power and influence. Thus, a part of the local nobility, and farmers and merchants enriched by coffee trade, began to spend part of their fortunes buying imported clothes and other fashion goods. This study maps which were the main fabrics entering the country through the port of Rio de Janeiro, how these fabrics were made into cloths and ultimately sold on the streets of the rua do Ouvidor. Therefore, it shows how the consumption of clothes in imperial Rio de Janeiro could characterize the national nascent capitalism and its relation with the global transformations promoted by the Industrial Revolution.

[pt] O presente trabalho examina as motivações e implicações iniciais da Reforma Couto Ferraz, entendida como primeiro esforço oficial de sistematização e controle da instrução primária e secundária no Império do Brasil, a partir de sua relação com as concepções engendradas pela chamada boa sociedade sobre este tema. O estudo analisou o papel das políticas públicas de instrução nos processos de construção do Estado imperial e de constituição e expansão da classe senhorial, e dos argumentos produzidos em resposta aos direcionamentos impostos às iniciativas de regulamentação e fiscalização das práticas educacionais públicas e particulares. / [en] The standing work exams the initial motivations and results of the Couto Ferraz Reform, understood as the first official effort of systematization and control of the primary and secondary education in the Brazilian Empire, since its relation with the conceptions engendered by the well-kwon good society about this theme. This study examined the public policies of education part on the building process of the imperial State and of the constitution and expansion of the seigniorial class, and of the arguments produced as answers to the rules imposed to the initiatives of regulation and inspection of the public and private education practices.

Evaluations of the stance of 1 Peter toward the Roman Empire have for the most part concluded that its author adopted a submissive or conformist posture toward imperial authority and influence. Recently, however, David Horrell and Travis Williams have argued that the letter engages in a subtle, calculated (“polite”) form of resistance to Rome that has often gone undetected. Nevertheless, discussion of the matter has remained largely focused on the letter’s stance toward specific Roman institutions, such as the emperor, household structures, and the imperial cults. Taking the conversation beyond these confines, the present work examines 1 Peter’s critique of the Empire from a wider angle, looking instead to the letter’s ideology or worldview. Using James Scott’s work to think about ideological resistance against domination, I consider how the imperial cults of Anatolia and 1 Peter offered distinct constructions of time and space—that is, how they envisioned reality differently. Insofar as these differences led to divergent ways of conceiving the social order, they acquired political valences and generated potential for conflict. 1 Peter, I argue, confronted Rome on a cosmic scale with its alternative construal of time and space. For each of the axes of time and space, I first investigate how it was constructed in cultic veneration of the emperor, and then read 1 Peter comparatively in light of the findings. Although both sides employed similar strategies in conceptualizing time and space, they parted ways on fundamental points. We have evidence that the Petrine author consciously, if cautiously, interrogated the imperial imagination at its most foundational levels, and set forth in its place a theocentric, Christological understanding of the world.

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-10T19:03:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação. Maria Carolina. PPGEMinas.pdf: 3730779 bytes, checksum: 8594f4287f485aa5df1cc1b54795320a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:03:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação. Maria Carolina. PPGEMinas.pdf: 3730779 bytes, checksum: 8594f4287f485aa5df1cc1b54795320a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-14 / CAPES / A análise estrutural de um maciço rochoso tem por finalidade fornecer elementos para uma melhor compreensão dos parâmetros de descontinuidades. Salienta-se que o controle destes parâmetros constitui o norte científico para orientar a lavra de rochas ornamentais, pois, as dimensões e qualidade dos blocos obtidos dependem principalmente da natureza e equidistância dos fraturamentos associados à distribuição das tensões atuantes em um maciço rochoso. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se a análise estrutural do Sienito Marrom Imperial, localizado em Umari, zona rural do Município de João Alfredo – PE. Ao fornecer tais informações o responsável técnico poderá definir a melhor sistemática tecnológica no plano de aproveitamento econômico a ser adotado, sem provocar o aparecimento de fraturas de alívio na rocha. Os dados coletados durante a visita técnica constituíram um banco de dados utilizado na determinação das projeções estereográficas (rede de Schmidt) e diagramas de rosetas. A análise do fraturamento mostrou que as fraturas de cisalhamento situam-se nas direções 30º Az e 340º Az. A bissetriz do ângulo formado pelo cruzamento destes cisalhamentos corresponde à direção de compressão máxima atuante representada por 1 e disposta na direção 5°Az. Perpendicularmente a essa, encontra-se a direção de distenção, 3. Com base no exposto pode-se concluir que a melhor orientação de corte, para o desenvolvimento dos trabalhos de abertura da pedreira, de modo a provocar o alivio das tensões e evitar o aparecimento de fraturas durante os serviços de lavra, é a direção SE-NW. Quanto à caracterização tecnológica, os resultados obtidos foram comparados aos estabelecidos pelas normas ABNT NBR 15844:2010, NBR 12042: 1992 e ASTM C 615:1992. Os índices físicos - massa específica aparente seca e saturada, porosidade e absorção aparentes - atenderam satisfatoriamente aos requisitos da ABNT NBR 15844:2010 e americana ASTM C615: 1992. Os resultados dos ensaios de resistência à compressão simples e resistência à flexão quando comparados com os valores requisitados para granitos, mostram que a rocha suporta uma compressão mediana, levemente inferior ao estabelecido por estas normas. Já o ensaio de desgaste Amsler ficou abaixo de 1mm/m, como especificado pela norma brasileira NBR 15844:2010. A avaliação dos ensaios do Marrom Imperial, juntamente com a análise petrográfica, possibilitou um melhor conhecimento da inter-relação dos resultados, e podendo assim relacionar diretamente a uma melhor aplicação do material objeto de estudo. A rocha pode ser aplicada sem restrições, salvo locais úmidos que requerem impermeabilização e de intenso tráfego. / Structural analysis of a rock mass is intended to provide elements for a better understanding of discontinuities parameters. It is noted that the control of these parameters is the scientific north to guide the mining of dimension stones, therefore, the size and quality of the blocks obtained depend mainly on the nature and equidistance of fracturing associated with the distribution of stresses acting on a rock mass. In this paper is presented a structural analysis of the Syenite Brown Imperial, located in Umari, rural municipality of Joao Alfredo - PE. By providing such information the responsible technician can determine the best technology in the systematic economic exploitation plan to be adopted, without causing the onset of relief of fractures in the rock. The data collected during the technical visit constituted a database used in determining the stereographic projections (Schmidt network) and rosettes diagrams. The analysis of fracturing showed that shear fractures are located in directions 30º and Az 340º Az. The bisecting the angle formed by the intersection of these shear is the maximum active compression direction represented by 1 and arranged in 5 ° Az direction. Perpendicular to this, it is the direction of distention, 3. Based on the above it can be concluded that the best cutting guidance for the development of the opening work of the quarry, so as to cause the relief of the stresses and prevent the occurrence of fracture during the mining services is the direction SE- NW. As for technological characterization, the results were compared to the standards established by the NBR 15844: 2010, NBR 12042: 1992 and ASTM C 615: 1992. Physical indices - apparent dry and saturated especific mass, porosity and apparent absorption - satisfactorily met the requirements of NBR 15844: 2010 and American ASTM C615: 1992. The results of tests on the compressive strength and flexural strength when compared to the values required to granites, showed rock that supports a median compression, slightly lower than that established by these standards. However Amsler wear test was less than 1 mm / m, as specified by the Brazilian standard NBR 15844: 2010. The evaluation of the tests of the Imperial Brown, along with petrographic analysis enabled a better understanding of the interrelationship of the results, and thus being able to relate directly to a better implementation of the object of study material. The rock can be applied without restriction, except wet locations that require waterproofing and high traffic.

This thesis presents a case study of letters written by black South Africans to the Aborigines' Protection Society (APS) between 1879-1888. Recognizing that previous histories of the APS have been based primarily on British correspondence, this thesis contends that including these marginalized black letters is crucial if historians are to develop a nuanced understanding of the APS in particular, and of British imperialism in general. By placing these letters within a framework of imperial knowledge networks, this thesis traces how the messages and voices of black South African correspondents traveled in letter form to England and then were disseminated in published form by the APS. This thesis demonstrates how correspondents used writing to the APS as a tool of anti-colonial resistance, as well as how the APS used their positionality to censor and control the voices of its correspondents. Emphasizing the entanglement of correspondents' resistance and adaptation with the APS's imperialist mission, this thesis presents its case study as a window into the negotiated and unstable natures of British imperialism. / Graduate / 2021-04-06

À travers l’analyse des témoignages de l’épigraphie et de la statuaire relatifs à l’empereur Trajan, issus des cités des provinces occidentales, notre objectif est de déterminer les différentes formes d’expression d’allégeance et de loyalisme des provinciaux à son égard. La présence de Trajan à travers ces deux formes d’expression privilégiées pour la propagande impériale est très significative. Elle est due à plusieurs facteurs : Trajan est d’abord originaire d’Italica, en Bétique, Il est le premier provincial à prendre le pouvoir à Rome ; ensuite il est qualifié de Meilleur des Princes ; et il fut un grand militaire et un bon administrateur durant un long règne de 19 ans et demi. Aussi lui a-t-on rendu hommage par de nombreux documents épigraphiques, élevés sur les fora des cités provinciales qu’accompagnent des statues, en pied, ou équestre. C’est un prince bien connu aussi dans la littérature et la numismatique. Tous ces témoignages montrent qu’il est le premier empereur dont la titulature va s’enrichir d’attributs divers tout au long de son règne, il est Optimus princeps, le premier Dacicus, le premier Parthicus, mais aussi le premier à avoir porté le titre Proconsul, en dehors de Rome.Cette titulature établie d’abord à Rome puis envoyée dans les provinces constitue une matière d’étude riche et variée qui nous a permis de faire des comparaisons entre les provinces et les cités mêmes. Cela nous a été possible, grâce à un inventaire systématique des recueils épigraphiques, qui a recensé 316 inscriptions le concernant. Cet empereur, a non seulement renouvelé certains aspects dits républicains mais a préservé aussi le modèle augustéen, perceptible à travers sa dénomination dans laquelle Imperator Caesar est cité de manière constante en tête de la séquence impériale. En fait, les innovations de Trajan sont importantes et vont marquer longtemps l’histoire impériale, comme l’inauguration d’un nouveau comput tribunicien fixé au 10 décembre de chaque année, au lieu d’un comput variable marqué tout le premier siècle. Il n’a revêtu le consulat que cinq fois et pendant des périodes très coutres. Par cette pratique, il a redonné au pouvoir impérial son importance ; se présente comme le vrai père pour ses concitoyens, à Rome comme à travers l’empire. En somme, la formula de l’empereur trouve sa physionomie définitive à partir du règne de Trajan.Dans les cités des provinces occidentales, Trajan fut vénéré à travers le monumentum, comme par le texte qui fait corps avec la statue impériale. Cette image double répond d’abord aux exigences de la chancellerie impériale et parfois de l’empereur lui-même. Nombreuses sont les inscriptions qui lui sont dédiées. Elles expriment la reconnaissance des provinciaux, satisfaits de sa politique, source de paix et de prospérité. Les cités occidentales ont accordé une importance particulière à son image impériale et à ses différentes transcriptions liées parfois à un programme édilitaire. Il a bénéficié d’une reconnaissance sans limite par les provinciaux qui lui ont dédié des monuments encore visibles en Afrique, en Ibérie et en Germanies. Ce nouvel empereur, est grand conquérant, bon gouverneur, mais aussi héros (nouveau Diomède), il a plusieurs facettes. La fortune de l’empereur, sous son règne, comme après son décès est considérable. Il fut toujours le modèle du bon prince jusqu’aux époques contemporaines. / Through the analysis of the epigraphic and statuary evidence that relates to emperor Trajan in the cities of the western provinces, my objective is to determine the various forms of expression of allegiance and loyalty of the provincials towards him . The presence of Trajan through these two forms of expression usually privileged for imperial propaganda is very significant. It is due to several factors: Trajan is originally from Italica, in Betic, He is the first provincial to take power in Rome; then he is called Best of Princes; and he was a great soldier and a good administrator during a long reign of 19 years and a half. He was therefore honored by many epigraphic documents erected on the fora of provincial cities, accompanied by statues, on foot, or equestrian. He is a prince well known also in literature and numismatics. All these testimonies show that he is the first emperor whose title will be enriched with various attributes throughout his reign; he is Optimus princeps, the first Dacicus, the first Parthicus, but also the first to have worn the title Proconsul, outside Rome.This imperial title first established in Rome and then sent to the provinces is a rich and varied subject of study to make comparisons between the provinces and the cities themselves. This seems thanks feasible to a systematic inventory of epigraphic books allowing us to list 316 inscriptions mentioning the Emperor Trajan. This emperor not only renewed certain aspects said republicans but also preserved the Augustan model perceptible through its denomination in which Imperator Caesar is quoted constantly at the head of the imperial sequence. But the innovations of Trajan are important and will mark the imperial history for a long time, as the inauguration of a new computary tribune set to 10 December of each year, instead of a variable computary marked the entire first century. He has only been in the consulate five times and for very long periods. By this practice he has restored to imperial power its importance; He presents himself as the true father for his fellow citizens, in Rome as well as throughout the empire. In short, the Emperor's formula finds its definitive appearance from the reign of Trajan.

Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction that occurs within the built environment is responsible for billions of dollars of damage to infrastructure and loss of economic productivity. There is an acute need to accurately predict the risk of soil liquefaction as well as to quantify the effectiveness of soil improvement techniques that are meant to decrease the risk of soil liquefaction. Current methods indirectly measure the risk of soil liquefaction by empirically correlating certain soil characteristics to known instances of surficial evidence of soil liquefaction, but these methods tend to overpredict the risk in sands with silts, to poorly predict instances of soil liquefaction without surface manifestations, and fail to adequately quantify the effectiveness of soil improvement techniques. Direct in-situ evaluation of liquefaction susceptibility was performed at a single site at the Wildlife Liquefaction Array (WLA) in Imperial Valley, California, in March 2012. The project included a CPT sounding, crosshole testing, and liquefaction testing. The liquefaction testing involved the measurement of water pressure and ground particle motion under earthquake-simulating cyclic loading conditions. The objective of this testing technique is to observe the relationship between shear strain in the soil and the resulting generation of excess pore water pressure. This fundamental relationship dictates whether or not a soil will liquefy during an earthquake event. The direct in-situ evaluation of liquefaction susceptibility approach provides a more accurate and comprehensive analysis of the risks of soil liquefaction. It also has the ability to test large-scale soil improvements in-situ, providing researchers an accurate representation of how the improved soil will perform during a real earthquake event. The most important results in this thesis include the identification of the cyclic threshold strain around 0.02% for the WLA sand, which is very similar to results achieved by other researchers (Vucetic and Dobry, 1986, and Cox, 2006) and is a characteristic of liquefiable soils. Another key characteristic is the 440 to 480 ft/sec (134 to 146 m/s) shear wave velocity of the soil, which are well below the upper limit 656 ft/sec (200 m/s) and an indication that the soil is loose enough for soil liquefaction to occur. The third significant point is that the compression wave velocity of the sand is greater than 4,500 ft/sec (1,370 m/s), indicating that it is at least 99.9% saturated and capable of generating large pore water pressure due to cyclic loading. These three conditions (cyclic threshold strain, shear wave velocity, and compression wave velocity) are among the most important parameters for characterizing a soil liquefaction risk and must all be met in order for soil liquefaction to occur. / text

This dissertation is an attempt to solve a puzzle: how and why did the poor, remote and isolated country of Afghanistan become a site of international Muslim aspiration and imagination in the early 20^th century? To answer this question, the dissertation focuses on the creation of ‘place’ - of Afghanistan in conceptual and material terms - out of the movement through ‘space’ of Afghan and Muslim travellers, and the inscriptions of such movement in texts. Through such a study, the dissertation argues that Afghanistan’s emergence as imperial counter-space and practical base for Muslims was the product of new physical and intellectual interactions amongst Afghan and Muslim travellers, powered by new technologies of steam and print. Such an argument resituates Afghanistan in connection to larger transformations taking place elsewhere. It thus marks an attempt to write late 19^th and early 20^th century Afghanistan back into global history. At the same time as drawing Afghanistan into that larger global story, however, the dissertation stresses the distinctiveness of the ‘Muslim turn’ to Afghanistan: how many of these new physical and intellectual movements relied on older physical or imagined connections with ‘the land of the Afghans’; how other movements offered strikingly original visions of what Afghanistan was and could be; how the Afghan court fostered and encouraged such movements through its particularist policies; how Afghanistan’s seemingly remote location, on the peripheries of the religious heartlands of the Middle East and the political and economic centres of western imperialism, made it such a prominent and attractive focus of Muslim interest and action. By plotting the inter-connections of Afghan and Muslim travellers over a forty-year period, the dissertation charts how Afghanistan grew to become one of the great hopes of the Muslim world. At the same time, the dissertation charts the growing gap between the idealized representation of Afghanistan and its reality. Finally, it illustrates how the ‘Muslim turn’ to Afghanistan ended in disillusionment and disaster, on Afghanistan’s plains.

This thesis examines the development of the Leftist movement in British Punjab and the insights it provides into the political spaces it inhabited and the actors it engaged with. Broadly speaking, this is an attempt at uncovering lesser fragments that offer the possibility of complicating our understanding of Punjabi and South Asian History. In doing so, I seek to uncover a socio-political arena which played host to a multiplicity of contested identities, notions of sovereignty, and political objectives. I thus seek to explore this complex and fluid arena through the study of a variety of movements and intellectual strands, all of which can collectively be labelled as the ‘Left.’ I begin by situating the Punjabi Left within the wider global arena and then shift to examining it within the province itself. I then explore the Left’s acrimonious relationship with the Colonial State as well as its tortured engagements with ‘nationalist’ and ‘communitarian’ movements. Taken together, this thesis, aside from enhancing our understanding of the ‘Left’ itself, also contributes to regional studies in general and questions historiographical demarcations and the categories that are normatively employed in standard political histories.

Thesis advisor: Seth Jacobs / Congress' 1964 passage of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution represented the pinnacle of the legislature's conscious repudiation of its role as superintendent of America's foreign policy to the executive branch. Conversely, for most diplomatic historians, the passage of the 1973 War Powers Act marked Congress' reawakening to its supervisory role and the collapse of what historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. termed the "Imperial Presidency." In fact, it was the 1970 repeal of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, a resolution that embodied everything Congress had abdicated and all the dangers that abdication represented, that actually served to announce Congress' unwillingness to acquiesce to presidential foreign policy. The repeal of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution had long-term implications for the exercise of America's cold war foreign policy, effects that were most keenly felt by President Gerald Ford when Congress refused to allow U.S. intervention in Angola despite Ford's personal pleas to both legislative branches. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History. / Discipline: College Honors Program.