Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as concepções de ciência e progresso nos escritos do médico português António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches (1699-1783), tendo em vista o seu papel de mediação entre o Iluminismo europeu e o reformismo ilustrado português da segunda metade do século XVIII. Para tal fim, opera-se uma dupla abordagem, procurando, em primeiro lugar, fazer a reconstituição de sua inserção nas redes de comunicação intelectual européias, buscando definir sua posição estratégica na comunidade erudita e científica do século XVIII; e, em segundo lugar, analisaremos seu pensamento e orientação política, enfocando as articulações entre as concepções de ciência e progresso em seus discursos de natureza científica e política. / This dissertation aims the analysis of the conceptions of science and progress in the texts written by the portuguese physician António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches (1699 - 1783) regarding mainly his role as mediator between the Enlightened Europe and the portuguese reforms at the eighteenth century. On this concern, we approach his intellectual image under a double scope, considering first the reconstitution of his intelletual networks in order to define his position among the scientific community of the eighteenth century early modern Europe, and secondly the analysis of his thoughts and political orientations, focusing on the conceptions of science and progress.

Since 1996 ¡§the Knowledge-Based Economy¡¨ was published by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), knowledge is going to change the growth of global economy and becomes the important Factor of Production. With the development of the Internet and information technology, researchers have the opportunities to implement Knowledge Management. Knowledge Management Enablers are not brand new research issues. Many researchers have mentioned KM Enablers affect KM, but how KM Enablers affect KM processes hasn¡¦t been deeply discussed. In addition, KM has been developed so many years; we still can¡¦t evaluate performance of KM. There are many researchers develop performance indexes of Knowledge Management, but those indexes are not refined. This study attempts to develop an integrated model for KM Enablers, KM processes and organizational performance because KM Enablers affect organizational performance through knowledge processes. For the purpose of supplying a method for enterprises to realize the performance of KM through KMPI (Knowledge Management Performance Index) and feedbacks from performance, we attempt to understand the efforts of the strategies that have been executed, and decide the direction of the strategies is correct or not. This study uses questionnaire investigation. The samples are the employees who adopt and use knowledge management systems in the north and south of Taiwan. In the analysis, this study use multi regression and Partial Least Squares (PLS) to test all hypotheses. In tools, this study used SPSS12.0 for Windows and Visual PLS 1.04b1. Based on statistical analysis, we obtain the conclusions of this study as follows: we find that collaboration, trust, learning, innovation and expertise in organizational culture have positive impacts on Knowledge Circulation Processes (KCP). The formalization of organizational structure also has a positive impact on KCP. Additionally, KCP has a positive impact on task performance and contextual performance.

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as concepções de ciência e progresso nos escritos do médico português António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches (1699-1783), tendo em vista o seu papel de mediação entre o Iluminismo europeu e o reformismo ilustrado português da segunda metade do século XVIII. Para tal fim, opera-se uma dupla abordagem, procurando, em primeiro lugar, fazer a reconstituição de sua inserção nas redes de comunicação intelectual européias, buscando definir sua posição estratégica na comunidade erudita e científica do século XVIII; e, em segundo lugar, analisaremos seu pensamento e orientação política, enfocando as articulações entre as concepções de ciência e progresso em seus discursos de natureza científica e política. / This dissertation aims the analysis of the conceptions of science and progress in the texts written by the portuguese physician António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches (1699 - 1783) regarding mainly his role as mediator between the Enlightened Europe and the portuguese reforms at the eighteenth century. On this concern, we approach his intellectual image under a double scope, considering first the reconstitution of his intelletual networks in order to define his position among the scientific community of the eighteenth century early modern Europe, and secondly the analysis of his thoughts and political orientations, focusing on the conceptions of science and progress.

This thesis presents a case study of letters written by black South Africans to the Aborigines' Protection Society (APS) between 1879-1888. Recognizing that previous histories of the APS have been based primarily on British correspondence, this thesis contends that including these marginalized black letters is crucial if historians are to develop a nuanced understanding of the APS in particular, and of British imperialism in general. By placing these letters within a framework of imperial knowledge networks, this thesis traces how the messages and voices of black South African correspondents traveled in letter form to England and then were disseminated in published form by the APS. This thesis demonstrates how correspondents used writing to the APS as a tool of anti-colonial resistance, as well as how the APS used their positionality to censor and control the voices of its correspondents. Emphasizing the entanglement of correspondents' resistance and adaptation with the APS's imperialist mission, this thesis presents its case study as a window into the negotiated and unstable natures of British imperialism. / Graduate / 2021-04-06

研究目的 主要欲探討大學實驗室的組織平台，以及組織知識流通的重要活動，以及組織平台與組織知識流通的互動。 研究方法 本研究採「多重個案分析」(multi-case)之「個案研究法」，以深入訪談大學實驗室的教授、實驗室成員等為主，次級資料蒐集閱讀為輔，期能夠依照研究目的提出結論與建議。 研究發現 壹、領導者角色與組織的知識流通 1.在光電領域的實驗室中，領導者的研究方向會影響成員題目概念的生成方式。 1-1.在光電領域實驗室中，老師的研究方向愈趨向於執行業界的合作案時，碩士班學生的題目概念生成愈趨於上而下。 1-2.在光電領域實驗室中，老師的研究方向愈趨向於學術研究時，碩士班學生的題目概念生成愈趨於下而上。 1-3.在光電領域實驗室中，老師的研究方向不論是趨向於執行業界的合作案或是學術研究，博士班學生的題目概念生成均趨向於下而上。 貳、教育訓練與組織的知識流通 2.在光電領域實驗室中，成員教育訓練的設計有助於實驗室之知識取得與蓄積。 3.在光電領域實驗室中，聚餐、出遊、球敘以及玩LAN-game是最常見的促進成員感情之方式，良善的群體關係有助於實驗室氣氛的和諧，進而有利群體目標的達成。 叁、激勵制度與組織的知識流通 4.在光電領域的實驗室中，激勵學生最常使用的方法是教授以身作則、培養成功的經驗、給予口頭上的贊許與勉勵、給予適當的獎勵津貼以及提供代表出席研討會的機會。 5.在光電領域的實驗室中，使用具正面增強作用的獎勵津貼制度，有助於實驗室成員知識創造的動機。 肆、團隊溝通合作與組織的知識流通 6.在光電領域的實驗室中，透過團隊與合作有助於實驗室知識在轉換過程中的擴散與蓄積。 6-1.在光電領域的實驗室中，知識經驗透過師徒制，以學長帶領學弟共同實做的方式，有助於知識在共同化過程中的蓄積與擴散。 6-2.在光電領域的實驗室中，知識經驗透過技術化文件、實驗成果文件的方式，有助於知識在外化過程中蓄積與擴散。 6-3.在光電領域的實驗室中，知識經驗透過meeting的舉行以及面對面的直接溝通，有助於知識經驗在結合過程中的創造。 6-4.在光電領域實驗室中，知識經驗透過實驗室內部的資料庫建置，有助於知識經驗在結合過程中的蓄積與擴散。 伍、團隊組成與組織的知識流通 7.在光電領域實驗室中，實驗室成員的組成會影響實驗室的知識流通。 7-1.在光電領域實驗室中，以物理/材料、電機/電子、機械/力學背景的學生居多，並當學生來自於物理/材料、電機/電子相關領域時，有助於縮短教育訓練的時間及加速內隱知識的分享。 7-2.在光電領域實驗室中，老師傾向選擇具有積極的學習態度及意願者，並當新進成員擁有積極的學習態度及意願時，有助於實驗室成員對知識創造的動機。 8.在光電領域實驗室中，擁有知識創造型成員有助於組織內部知識的流通。 8-1.博士後研究員及博士班學生趨向為實驗室中之知識工程師以及知識執行人員，使內部知識可由中而上而下的傳遞，其任務包含計劃的協調和管理、創造新知、引領學弟妹熟悉實驗室、執行計畫、分享知識經驗。 8-2.碩士生及大學專題生趨向為實驗室中之知識執行人員，累積和產生實驗室內隱及外顯知識，其任務包括執行計畫、分享知識經驗。 研究結論 對大學實驗室領導者 1.給予學生適切且明確的目標，降低組織給予成員的焦慮和不確定性 2.提倡增強作用的獎勵機制 3.創造各種知識學習的機會 4.建立利於創造的環境，避免成員遭受被評價的恐懼 5.重視知識的整合與應用，跳脫僵硬化的強記 6.強化實驗室成員知識分享的意願和習慣 對大學實驗室成員 1.加強專業技術的背景 2.增強自我學習的動機 3.培養獨立思考的能力 / Abstract Research Objective It discuss about the Organizational Environment of laboratories in the University, activities which help to circulate the knowledge in an organization and the interaction between Organizational Environment and the knowledge circulation. Research Method According to the Case Study by the Multi-case theory, the major information is base on the interview of both professors and the members in laboratories, and the inferior information is gotten by ways of searching and collecting a large amount of data. Hoping to bring up the conclusion and the suggestion by the aim. Research Conclusion For leaders of laboratories in the University：1. Students are given clear and definite targets and leaders also have to reduce the anxiety and the uncertainty of members.2.Making use of the reward policy according to the Positive Reinforcement Theory.3.Creating opportunities of learning.4. Creating an environment in which creativity is encouraged.5. Instead of cramming the knowledge in to one’s memory, integration and application are paid much attention.6. To form the habit of sharing knowledge. For members of laboratories in the University：1. To reinforce the specialized field or subject.2. To strengthen the motive of self-learning.3. Develop the ability of thinking independently. Keyword：Laboratory, Organizational Environment, knowledge circulation, optical science

Knowledge is now considered the most important organizational resource, surpassing other resources like land and capital. It has, therefore, been acknowledged that knowledge can play an important role in ensuring an organization’s competitive edge. The purpose of this study was to investigate if knowledge sharing is being used to improve service delivery at the National University of Lesotho’s Thomas Mofolo Library. The researcher held the view that Librarians at Thomas Mofolo Library have different sets of skills which, if combined, could improve service delivery. By not sharing and retaining this existing wealth of knowledge, the researcher claimed that when librarians retire or resign from work, they will certainly take with them the knowledge they possess and the result of this knowledge loss is that the Library may be plagued by an inability to learn from the past experiences, which leads to reinvented wheels, unlearned lessons and the pattern of repeated mistakes. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed in the case study design in order to allow for multiple methods of data collection. Data were collected by means of questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires were administered to all librarians who were available at the time and purposive sampling was used to determine interview participants. Out of the 25 questionnaires administered, 15 were returned, providing a response rate of 60%. The data collected by means of questionnaires was processed using Microsoft Access and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software (Version 17). The results of analysis were exported into Microsoft Excel for visual presentation and reporting of the results. The data from the interview sessions was analyzed manually by content analysis, using the notes that were taken by the researcher from the respondents during the interview sessions. The findings pointed to the fact that knowledge sharing does occur at TML, although mostly in an informal manner. This was largely due to a number of impediments such as lack of trust and the absence of motivations and rewards. The study concluded by recommending a number of initiatives that could be implemented in order to retain knowledge within the Library. The recommendations included developing a knowledge management strategy and formalizing knowledge sharing by formulating the desired policies. / Information Science / M.A. (Information Science)

Cette recherche cherche à comprendre comment le musée d'art de l'université du Ceara (MAUC) est devenu un nid de frelons. Afin d'étudier ce phénomène, nous avons analysé les cinquante premières années de sa trajectoire (1961-2011), en partant de l'intrigue sur les modèles de musée en dispute à la fin du XXème siècle dans la ville de Fortaleza, et aussi à parti des controverses autour de sa mémoire. Nous avons organisé notre récit en Neuf temps pour neuf Atlas, en analysant ce nid de frelons de l'intérieur et de l'extérieur, en le prenant à l'envers à rebrousse-poil. Pour cette raison, nous présentons le MAUC au travers de ses coulisses, en observant par-derrière les vitrines quels sont les caractéristiques et les mouvements propres de cette désignation. Pour nous, un musée nid de frelons est traversé par la mise sous silence, en même temps qu'il développe des pratiques communautaires et collaboratives qui sont constitutives de sa trajectoire, contribuant à l'élaboration conceptuelle élargie de ses processus curatoriaux. Dans cette thèse, nous démêlons les aspects conceptuels qui justifient la création du MAUC. Au travers d'une lecture de la circulation de savoirs, d'œuvres d'art et d'exposition nous établissons une cartographie des réseaux de relations mobilisés par ce musée au travers de son programme structurel. Nous enquêtons sur les possibilités de création artistique dans l'espace physique du musée et sur les dimensions de collaboration proposées par l'institution en ce qui concerne la fabrique d'expositions et d'œuvres d'art. Nous cherchons aussi à identifier les formes de voir et d'être des visiteurs dans le MAUC au travers du regard des photographes de vue d'exposition. / This research sought to understand how Museum de Arte da Universidade do Ceara (MAUC) has become a Hornets House. In order to elaborate this explanation, we observed fifty years of it history (1961-2011), starting from the intrigue about the museum models in dispute in the late twentieth century, in Fortaleza city, as well as about the controversies involving its memory. So we organized our narrative in Nove Tempos para Nove Atlas, trying to analyze this Hornet House inside out, against the grain, and for this reason we present the MAUC through it scenes, watching from behind the windows, which are the characteristics and movements to this adjective. We understand that a Hornets House Museum goes through silence, while develop community and collaborative practices that take part of its history, contributing to the broad conceptual elaboration of its curatorial process. In this thesis we unfold its conceptual aspect that justified the creation of MAUC. We traced through a reading on knowledge circulation works of art and exhibitions, a mapping of relationships networks mobilized by this museum through its structural program. We investigate the possibilities of artistic creation in the physical museum space and the dimensions of cooperation proposed by the institution regarding expositions and works of art. We also try to identify the ways of seeing and being of the visitors at MAUC through the eyes of photographers while viewing exposures.

Cette thèse vise à explorer les enjeux et modalités de la patrimonialisation liées à la mémoire sociale, dans le contexte paradigmatique de l’immatériel qui de manière croissante mobilise des formes abouties de partenariat avec l’acteur social, en vue de conduire l’inventaire de son patrimoine. À partir de terrains français et brésiliens, cette recherche s’intéresse plus particulièrement au travail partenarial de documentation audiovisuelle du patrimoine qui intervient dans de tels dispositifs d’inventaire partagé, pour y saisir les transformations techniques, épistémologiques et symboliques à l’œuvre lors de la collecte de mémoire au sein du groupe social, de l’introduction du témoignage dans le processus de production des savoirs liés au patrimoine en devenir, et de sa mise en support grâce au média audiovisuel. Nous interrogeons ici le geste documentaire assumé par l’acteur social en qualité de chercheur indigène ainsi que le devenir médiatique de l’objet de patrimoine qu’il engage. C’est toute la question de la circulation, et à travers celle-ci de la fixation et de la transmission des savoirs qui se dessine ici, à partir d’une réflexion sur les usages sociaux des dispositifs patrimoniaux contemporains. Ce travail s’attache ainsi d’une part à décrire les modalités du travail de mémoire réalisé dans de tels dispositifs. Il met ici au jour le parcours de l’acteur social lors d’un tel exercice mémoriel ainsi que le traitement singulier de l’objet patrimonial et de sa mise en savoir. La recherche s’intéresse alors plus précisément aux processus d’appropriation et de réflexivité qu’entraîne la pratique partenariale de la documentation audiovisuelle du patrimoine. À partir de telles modalités, la thèse réfléchit d’autre part au régime de patrimonialisation singulier en jeu, tel qu’il s’organise autour de la fabrique continue et partagée d’une mémoire sociale du groupe, dont nous repérons la valeur médiatrice au sein du groupe social. La recherche montre enfin combien les dispositifs patrimoniaux contemporains contournent la fixation des savoirs et orchestrent leur transmission recréatrice, selon l’idée proposée d’une mémoire agissante. / This thesis aims to explore the heritage-making processes in community-based participatory work forming social memory in Brazil’s guarani communities and France. Inspired by the intangible heritage paradigm, experts and institutions increasingly act in close partnership with the social actor in conducting cultural heritage inventories for formalizing the protection, promotion and revitalization of traditional practices through knowledge production. The so-called holders of memory then become “indigenous researchers” in audiovisual documentation processes that orchestrate such inventories. Drawing on interviews, document and discourse analysis, this thesis seeks to shed light on the technical, epistemological, and symbolic shift at play in the construction of memory in such a partnership framework. This work interrogates the documentary gesture posed by the partnering social actor and the future mediatic status it for the heritage-in-making object hereby documented. In this perspective, the thesis engages with the question of traditional knowledge circulation, fixation, and transmission within a given social group, in the specific time and space-frame of the heritage inventory projects. This work considers theoretical issues at stake within the intangible paradigm, revealing the heritage paradox that exist between the knowledge stabilization effort and the living, and the metamorphic essence of cultural practices. This aporia is examined herein through the lens of the documentation projects conducted, in an attempt to identify their stance and strategies towards it. By deciphering the operational framework of the partnering video inventories, his thesis reveals existing social strategies used to discard ontological resistance of culture to becoming heritage : audiovisual documentation of personal testimonies here appears as a tool to record heritage in a flexible, non-binding media sustaining the ongoing cycle of meaning being susceptible to change and reinterpretation. In the videos, heritage is not dissected and precisely described as one could expect. Rather, it is discussed through non-descriptive content, with open questions and pointers only alluding and constantly challenging its meaning. By eluding content stabilization, knowledge production relies on a complex system of change and continuity, allowing only frames of meaning to be passed on, within which each participant can recreate meaning for himself. The thesis also highlights the reflexive and communicational competence building process associated with the social actor participating in the project, showing how such experiences follow a path of heritage appropriation, culminating in a renewed desire to cultivate one’s heritage. Third, the thesis attempts to theorize the heritage-making model studied here to elucidate the interplay of heritage and memory in the intangible paradigm. Memory is here seen as an unfolding experience, a work of engagement and cultural recreation mobilized by the heritage-making process to activate a dynamic knowledge transmission pattern within the very life of its projects. / AO objetivo desta tese é explorar os desafios e as modalidades da patrimonialização ligados àmemória social, no contexto paradigmático do imaterial que, de forma crescente, mobiliza formas acabadas de parceria com os atores sociais, visando gerir o inventário de seu patrimônio.A partir das realidades francesa e brasileira, esta pesquisa discute particularmente oprotagonismo no trabalho de documentação audiovisual do patrimônio que interfere nos dispositivos do inventário compartilhado. Busca assim entender as transformações técnicas,epistemológicas e simbólicas que ocorrem durante o registro da memória ao interior do gruposocial, com a introdução do depoimento no processo de produção de saberes ligados ao patrimônio que se constitui e de sua disponibilização através dos meios audiovisuais. Indagamos aqui sobre a prática de documentação assumida pelo ator social na qualidade depesquisador indígena, assim como sobre as consequências midiáticas do objeto de patrimônio por ele incorporado. Trata-se da questão de circulação e, através dela, da fixação e datransmissão de saberes que aqui se configura, a partir de uma reflexão sobre os usos sociais dosdispositivos patrimoniais contemporâneos. Este trabalho se propõe assim a descrever as modalidades da produção de memória realizadacom tais dispositivos: ele atualiza aqui o percurso do ator social durante sua trajetória, assim como o tratamento singular dispensado ao objeto patrimonial e à organização dos saberes. Apesquisa focaliza, então, mais precisamente, os processos de apropriação e de reflexividadeprovocados pela prática de curadoria compartilhada na documentação audiovisual dopatrimônio. Desta forma a tese aborda o regime de patrimonialização singular aqui descrito, talcomo ele se organiza em torno da produção contínua e compartilhada de uma memória social do grupo, cujo valor mediador nós destacamos. Finalmente, a pesquisa mostra como os dispositivos patrimoniais contemporâneos confrontam a fixação dos saberes e orquestram sua transmissão recriadora, segundo a ideia proposta de uma memória ativa.a

Ancrée dans une démarche sociohistorique, cette thèse retrace les trajectoires du primer Invitation to Sociology: A humanistic perspective de Peter L. Berger (1963), celle de son adaptation britannique (Berger 1966) et celle de sa traduction en espagnol Introducción a la sociología (Berger trad. Galofre Llanos, 1967). En plus d’examiner l’histoire des traductions à partir de concepts sociologiques, ce travail explore la contribution de cet ouvrage et de ses versions en anglais et en espagnol à la circulation et à la construction des savoirs sociologiques. La thèse porte sur un type de manuel singulier, le primer (un court ouvrage présentant les vues personnelles d’un auteur), ainsi que sur l’adaptation et la traduction de ce type d’ouvrage à fonction scientifique et pédagogique. Ce travail examine la fabrication des versions, la construction de leurs textes et leur utilisation, de façon à dévoiler l’ensemble des forces qui les modèlent. Celles-ci comprennent les facteurs relatifs à l’espace social; aux champs de la sociologie, de l’édition et de l’enseignement (nationaux et, parfois, transnationaux); aux agents et aux actants non-humains, de même que ceux inhérents au texte-support. La thèse s’appuie sur un cadre inspiré de l’analyse critique du discours de Fairclough, de même que sur les sociologies de Latour et Bourdieu. Elle est basée sur une méthodologie mixte alliant 1) une recherche documentaire (documents publiés et archives), 2) l’examen du texte des versions et de leur matérialité et 3) une analyse bibliométrique. Le texte-support, publié par Anchor Books (1963) une division du géant commercial Doubleday, est aujourd’hui considéré un manuel classique d’introduction à la discipline. Toutefois, ses recensions publiées dans les revues majeures de sociologie le critiquent durement (Martindale 1964; Selznick 1964) et, au moment des projets de l’adaptation et de la traduction, Berger est très peu connu. L’adaptation britannique, publiée par Penguin (deux éditions, 1966 et 1967) présente un nombre de restreint de modifications, réalisées dans l’objectif de faciliter la lecture du grand public britannique. Malgré cette orientation, le rythme constant de ses réimpressions signale plutôt une utilisation en classe pendant 20 à 25 ans. Introducción a la sociología est publié au Mexique par LIMUSA (1967), une maison spécialisée en manuels. Même si sa traductrice n’a probablement aucune formation en sociologie et que son travail est principalement axé sur une « fidélité » à la forme du texte-support, sa voix transparaît à certains endroits du texte. Alors que la traduction paraît initialement dans une collection grand public, la cadence des réimpressions suggère, tout comme dans le cas de l’adaptation, un usage en classe, cette fois pendant près d’un demi-siècle. Cette thèse indique ainsi la participation indirecte de ces versions à la construction des savoirs, par leur utilisation en classe; mais aussi, directe (bien que très marginale dans le cas de la traduction), par leur utilisation scientifique retracée à travers l’analyse bibliométrique. Enfin, cette recherche démontre l’intérêt de se pencher sur les objets banals (comme le manuel), sur les pratiques des maisons commerciales et sur le rôle des éditeurs et des traducteurs et non-spécialistes dans la traduction des ouvrages de sociologie. / Using a sociohistorical approach, this thesis retraces the trajectory of the sociology primer Invitation to Sociology: A humanistic perspective by Peter L. Berger (1963), that of its British adaptation (Berger 1966), and of its translation in Spanish, Introducción a la sociología (Berger translation by Galofre Llanos, 1967). Besides examining the history of these translations through a sociological lens, this study explores the different versions’ contribution to the circulation and construction of sociological knowledge. The thesis investigates a specific subtype of textbooks, the primer (a concise book that presents an author’s personal perspective on a discipline), as well as the adaptation and translation of this type of scientific and pedagological work. This research analyzes the making of these versions, the construction of their texts, as well as the way they are used, in order to bring to light the various forces that shaped them. These include factors related to the social space, the fields of sociology, publishing and higher education (national and, on occasion, transnational), as well as agents, nonhuman actants and elements intrinsic to the support-text. Resting on a theoretical framework inspired by Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and Latour and Bourdieu’s contributions, this thesis is based on a multimethod approach, which combines 1) a documentary research (published material and archives), 2) a textual and material analysis of the versions and 3) a bibliometric analysis. The support-text, published by Anchor Books (1963), a division of the commercial giant Doubleday, is now considered a classic introduction to the discipline. However, reviews published at the time in major sociology journals strongly criticized the primer (Martindale 1964; Selznick 1964), and Berger was still relatively unknown when the adaptation and translation projets began. The British adaptation, published by Penguin (two editions, 1966 and 1967) displays a limited number of changes aimed at the British general public. Despite this target readership, itsregular reprints suggest it was used in sociology courses forthe next 20 to 25 years. Introducción a la sociología was published in Mexico by LIMUSA (1967), a publishing house specialized in textbooks. Although its translator had probably no formal training and her translation is mainly maintaining a formal “faithfulness” to the support-text, her voice can still be heard in some areas of the text. Initially published in a collection directed to a general readership, the translation’s frequent reprints again suggest that it was used in sociology courses, in this case for nearly half a century. The present study shows how these different versions indirectly participated in the construction of sociological knowledge, through their pedagogical use; and, as revealed by our bibliometric analysis, directly participated to it through their scientific use (however very marginally for the translation). Finally, this thesis confirms the relevance of investigating banal objects (such as the textbook), along with commercial publishing houses practices and the work of non-specialized editors and translators in the translation of sociological works.

Sur la base d’une étude historique des rapports entre les cycles techno-économiques du système mondial et le processus de transformation économique, politique et idéologique d’un pays périphérique comme l’Équateur, cette recherche présente une analyse critique sur le processus de développement du champ technoscientifique de ce pays et le projet de modernisation postnéolibéral mis en place par son gouvernement entre 2007-2017. L’exposition est organisée en deux parties. La première analyse les rapports entre les transformations techno-économiques mondiales et les cycles économiques et politiques locaux ; les rapports entre ces cycles, les vagues de modernisation du système d’éducation supérieure équatorien et la reproduction des élites locales ; et enfin, les rapports entre ces deux derniers et le processus de développement scientifique, technologique et industriel du pays. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'étude en détail du dernier de ces cycles, caractérisé par la mise en place du projet postnéolibéral de modernisation technoscientifique. Cette étude se focalise particulièrement sur trois projets : la réforme de l’éducation supérieure, le programme de bourses d’étude à l’étranger et le projet de construction de Yachay, une ville dédiée à la science, à la technologie et à l’innovation. Les résultats de ces analyses dévoilent le caractère idéologique de ces projets, conçus et dirigés par un même réseau d’intellectuels et financés par l’essor des exportations de matières premières qui a accompagné cette phase ascendante du cycle périphérique. Enfermés dans leur quête idéologique d’un modèle de développement alternatif et les contraintes imposées par les processus de transformation du système mondial, ces acteurs ont fini par produire un projet de modernisation contradictoire basé sur une abstraction empirique adaptée à leurs besoins de légitimation politique. La fin de l’essor économique a dévoilé les limites de ce projet idéologique dont les résultats concrets sont une plus lourde bureaucratie, le gaspillage des ressources publiques et l’accumulation de pouvoir. Nous suggérons que ce résultat est un effet du décalage entre les cycles de transformation à la périphérie et au centre du système mondial et du processus de reconfiguration global liée à la montée de l’influence chinoise et au déploiement de la dernière vague de transformations techno-économiques. Cette recherchée s’inscrit ainsi dans la lignée de réflexion sur les transformations du système mondial. / Based on a historical study of the relationship between the techno-economic cycles of the global system and the economic, political and ideological transformations in Ecuador, this research presents a critical analysis of the development process of the technoscientific field in this country and the post-neoliberal modernization project implemented by its government between 2007-2017. The thesis has two parts. The first one develops an analysis on three levels: the relationships between the global techno-economic cycles and the political and economic transformations in Ecuador; the relationships between these transformations, the waves of modernization of the Ecuadorian higher education system and the reproduction of local elites; and the relationship between the latter and the scientific, technological and industrial development of the country. The second part presents a detailed study of the last cycle, characterized by the implementation of the post-neoliberal project of technoscientific modernization. This study focuses, particularly, on three projects: the higher education reform, the scholarship program for studies abroad and the Yachay technopole project. These analysis results reveal the ideological character of these projects, designed and directed by the same network of intellectuals and financed by the rise of commodity exports which accompanied this upward phase of the peripheral cycle. Trapped in their ideological quest for an alternative development model and the constraints imposed by the transformation processes of the global system, these actors have finally produced a contradictory modernization project based on an empirical abstraction adapted to their needs for political legitimization. The end of the economic upswing has unveiled the limits of this ideological project whose concrete results are a heavier bureaucracy, waste of public resources and the accumulation of power. We suggest that this result is an effect of the three interrelated processes: the gap between the transformation cycles at the periphery and at the center of the global system, the global reconfiguration linked to the rise of Chinese influence and the deployment of the latest techno-economic wave of innovation. This research aims thus to contribute to the debate on the historical transformations of the global system.