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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

International Communications Standards: A Comparative Study of the ITU and ISOC as Regimes

Creely, Thomas Eugene 09 March 2001 (has links)
The proliferation of the Internet has created a need for leadership, which has been filled by the Internet Society (ISOC). This study examines ISOC through the lens of regime theory to explain its role. Regime theory is discussed at length in order to create an applicable model of a regime. This model is grounded in the transnationalists school of thought, originating in the 1970s. The regime model is informed by the work of Keohane and Nye, and Chayes and Chayes. The model is applied to three regimes throughout the study, the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and ISOC. In order to study ISOC, the ITU is examined to form a basis of comparison for telecommunications regimes. The ITU was the first modern international organization and has much in common with ISOC. The ITU is examined using the regime model to facilitate comparison between the ITU and ISOC regimes. As a result of this study, the findings show that ISOC is not a typical state-centric regime. However, it does create the potential for a new open and democratic regime style. ISOC sets standards for the Internet and has taken the responsibility for maintaining it. The potential of ISOC to grow with the Internet and develop a new form of international leadership is demonstrated through this analysis. / Master of Arts
42

PERFIL DE RESISTÊNCIA DAS BACTÉRIAS GRAM-NEGATIVAS COMUMENTE ASSOCIADAS À INFECÇÕES DO TRATO URINÁ- RIO EM IDOSOS EM GOIÂNIA – GO, NO PERÍODO DE 2011- 2015

Povoa, Christiano Patricio 08 September 2016 (has links)
Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-03-07T13:16:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CHRISTIANO PATRÍCIO PÓVOA.pdf: 970820 bytes, checksum: 80130d52367b620a227e0d91d34abb17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-07T13:16:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CHRISTIANO PATRÍCIO PÓVOA.pdf: 970820 bytes, checksum: 80130d52367b620a227e0d91d34abb17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-08 / The urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common types of infection, both community as nosocomial, the ITU is caused by bacteria are more common in men and in. The study was descriti-vo retrospective and prospective type, from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed from 3388 antibiograms of ITU of Community origin in the elderly. The age of patients ranged from 60 to 100 years, with a mean age of 73 years, and 77.28% occurred in women and 22.72% in men. The microranalyzed organisms were Escherichia coli (75.65%) with 80.72% by Women's res and 19.28% in men, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.59%) with 66.73% infection 33.27% in women and in men. Proteus spp. It was respon-sible for 5.70% cases, with 70.47% occurred in women and 29.53% in ho-mens. Enterobacter spp. It was the causative organism of UTI in 2.07%; 45.71% women and 54.29% in men. The highest prevalence of resistance to E. coli were to sulfonamide (40.54%), Ciprofloxacin (35.04%), Nalidixic acid (34.92%), Cephalosporins 1st Generation (31,45%), Norfloxacin (24 , 50%), Penicillin (23.68%) and 3rd generation cephalosporins (12.29%), an increase in the evolution of resistance to cephalosporins 2nd generation (p = 0.0074). For K. pneumoniae, the major resistance prevalence occurs to ram for Norfloxacin (16.73%), cephalosporins 3rd Generation (20.46%), Aci-of Nalidixic (26.87%), Cephalosporins 1st Generation (29 , 00%), Penicillin (33.99%), sulfonamide (35.05%), Nitrofurantoin (37.90%), Gemifloxacin (46.09%) and ofloxacin (46.09%) with increased resistance evolution Carbapenems for (p = 0.0271) and Cephalosporins 1st generation (p = 0.0496). Proteus spp., The major resistance prevalences were to Gati-floxacina (12.95%), Norfloxacin (12.95%), penicillins (14.51%), cephalosporins on the 2nd Generation (21.24%) , sulfonamide (36.27%), Cephalosporins 1st Ge-feed (38.86%), Gemifloxacin (46.11%), ofloxacin (46.11%), nitrofurantoin (76.68%), Nalidixic acid (81 , 87%) and levofloxacin (81.87%). For Enterobac-have spp., The major resistance prevalences were compared to Cefalospo-mandarins of 4th Generation (15.71%), Gatifloxacin (21.43%), Norfloxacin (21.43%), Ciprofloxacin (28.57 %), Moxifloxacin (28.57%), Nitrofurantoin (31.43%), 3rd generation cephalosporins (32.86%), sulfonamide (38.57%), Gemifloxacin (42.86%), ofloxacin (42, 86%) 1st generation cephalosporins (44.29%), nalidixic acid (77.14%), Levofloxacin (77.14%) and Penicillins (97.14%) with au-ment in the evolution of resistance to cephalosporins 2nd Generation (p = 0.0057). For empiric treatment of complicated UTI due to the found resistance to the antimicrobials of choice, the aminoglycosides, Carbapenems and monobactam can be used until they are met, the causative agents of infection and susceptibility to tested Antimicro-bianos and should be replaced by re-duced antimicrobial spectrum, but with high power. / As infecções no trato urinário (ITU) correspondem a um dos tipos mais comuns de infecção, tanto comunitária quanto nosocomial, sendo as ITU causadas por bactérias são mais comuns, tanto em homens quanto em. O estudo foi descritivo tipo retrospectivo e prospectivo, no período de 2011 a 2016. Foram analisados 3388 antibiogramas de ITU de origem comunitária em idosos. A faixa etária dos pacientes variou de 60 até 100 anos, com média de idade de 73 anos, sendo que 77,28% ocorreram em mulheres e 22,72% em homens. Os microrganismos analisados foram Escherichia coli (75,65%), com 80,72% em mulheres e 19,28% em homens, seguido por Klebsiella pneumoniae, (16,59%), com 66,73% infecções em mulheres e 33,27% em homens. Proteus spp. foi responsável por 5,70% casos, com 70,47% ocorreram em mulheres e 29,53% em homens. Enterobacter spp. foi o organismo causador de ITU em 2,07%; 45,71% em mulheres e 54,29% em homens. As maiores prevalências de resistência para E. coli foram para Sulfonamida (40,54%), Ciprofloxacina (35,04%), Ácido Nalidíxico (34,92%), Cefalosporinas de 1ª Geração (31,45%), Norfloxacina (24,50%), Penicilinas (23,68%) e Cefalosporinas de 3ª Geração (12,29%), com aumento na evolução da resistência para Cefalosporinas de 2ª Geração (p = 0,0074). Para K. pneumoniae, as maiores prevalências de resistência ocorreram para Norfloxacina (16,73%), Cefalosporinas de 3ª Geração (20,46%), Ácido Nalidíxico (26,87%), Cefalosporinas de 1ª Geração (29,00%), Penicilinas (33,99%), Sulfonamida (35,05%), Nitrofurantoína (37,90%), Gemifloxacina (46,09%) e Ofloxacina (46,09%) com aumento na evolução da resistência para Carbapenêmicos (p = 0,0271) e Cefalosporinas de 1ª Geração (p = 0,0496). Para Proteus spp., as maiores prevalências de resistência foram para Gatifloxacina (12,95%), Norfloxacina (12,95%), Penicilinas (14,51%), Cefalosporinas de 2ª Geração (21,24%), Sulfonamida (36,27%), Cefalosporinas da 1ª Geração (38,86%), Gemifloxacina (46,11%), Ofloxacina (46,11%), Nitrofurantoína (76,68%), Ácido Nalidíxico (81,87%) e Levofloxacina (81,87%). Para Enterobacter spp., as maiores prevalências de resistência foram em relação à Cefalosporinas de 4ª Geração (15,71%), Gatifloxacina (21,43%), Norfloxacina (21,43%), Ciprofloxacina (28,57%), Moxifloxacina (28,57%), Nitrofurantoína (31,43%), Cefalosporinas de 3ª Geração (32,86%), Sulfonamida (38,57%), Gemifloxacina (42,86%), Ofloxacina (42,86%), Cefalosporinas de 1ª Geração (44,29%), Ácido Nalidíxico (77,14%), Levofloxacina (77,14%) e Penicilinas (97,14%), com aumento na evolução da resistência para Cefalosporinas de 2ª Geração (p = 0,0057). Para o tratamento empírico das ITU complicadas, devido à resistência encontrada para os antimicrobianos de primeira escolha, podem ser usados os Aminoglicosídeos, Carbapenêmicos e Monobactama, até que sejam conhecidos os agentes causadores das infecções e a susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos testados, devendo ser substituídos por antimicrobiano de espectro reduzido, porém com potência elevada.
43

SLA em redes de telecomunica??es aplicados a multiservi?os em redes IP / SLA in telecommunication networks apply in multiservice on IP networks

Medeiros, Alexandre David 23 June 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre David Medeiros-1.pdf: 2241104 bytes, checksum: 2474b0cdd4a080e937967b0552c2b175 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-23 / The telecommunications services quality, as well as several other products in the telecommunications area, is strongly linked to the suppliers services levels quality. These services levels can, however, be measured andevaluated by objective criteria and from a service level agreement between service supplier and customer, this agreement is called SLA. In this study a methodology is proposed for the elaboration of the SLA documentation model, that takes care the business model necessity.This methodology is structuralized in the politics and processes of service quality described by the international norms and standards like Management Forum, ITU, IETF and ITIL. The modeling of the SLA documentation was applied in a practical case of multi-service networks, based in IP networks, resulting in the system specification of the quality service level to be contracted with services supplier. The application of this methodology resulted in improvements for both sides, regarding the reduction in operational costs, the correction of processes and procedures, and a high reliability and transparency in the commercial relation. / A qualidade dos servi?os de telecomunica??es, assim como a de v?rios outros produtos da ?rea de telecomunica??es, est? fortemente ligada aos n?veis de qualidade de servi?os prestados pelos fornecedores. Esses n?veis de servi?os podem, no entanto, ser medidos e avaliados por meio de fatores e crit?rios objetivos, a partir de um N?vel de Servi?o acordado entre o provedor do servi?o e o cliente, chamado de SLA. Neste estudo ? proposta uma metodologia para elabora??o de modelo de documenta??o SLA. Essa metodologia est? estruturada na pol?tica e nos processos de qualidade de servi?o descritos nas normas e padr?es internacionais do TeleManagement Forum, ITU ,IETF e ITIL. A modelagem da documenta??o SLA foi aplicada em um caso pr?tico de rede de multiservi?os, baseada em redes IP, resultando na especifica??o do sistema de n?vel de qualidade de servi?o a ser contratado do provedor de servi?os. Na aplica??o dessa metodologia obteve-se ganhos para ambos os lados, com refer?ncia a redu??o de custo operacional, na corre??o de processos e procedimentos e uma alta confiabilidade e transpar?ncia na rela??o comercial.
44

Implementation and Evaluation of P.880 Methodology

Imam, Hasani Syed Hassan January 2009 (has links)
Continuous Evaluation of Time Varying Speech Quality (CETVSQ) is a method of subjective assessment of transmitted speech quality for long speech sequences containing quality fluctuations in time. This method is modeled for continuous evaluation of long speech sequences based on two subjective tasks. First task is to assess the speech quality during the listening and second task is to assess the overall speech quality after listening to the speech sequences. The development of continuous evaluation of time varying speech quality was motivated by fact that speech quality degradations are often not constant and varies in time. In modern IP telephony and wireless networks, speech quality varies due to specific impairments such as packet loss, echo, handover in networks etc. Many other standard methods already exist, which are being used for subjective assessment of short speech sequences. These methods such as ITU-T Rec. P.800 are well suited for only time constant speech quality. In this thesis work, it was required to implement CETVSQ methodology, so that it could be possible to assess long speech sequences. An analog hardware slider is used for the continuous assessment of speech qualities, as well as for overall quality judgments. Instantaneous and overall quality judgments are being saved into Excel file. The results stored in the Excel file are analyzed by applying different statistical measures. In evaluation part of the thesis work, subjects’ scores are analyzed by applying statistical methods to identify several factors that have originated in the CETVSQ methodology. A subjective test had already been conducted according to P.800 ACR method. The long speech sequences were divided into 8 seconds short sequences and then assessed using P.800 ACR method. In this study, the long speech sequences are assessed using CETVSQ methodology and comparison is conducted between P.800 ACR and CETVSQ results. It has been revealed that if long speech sequences are divided into short segments and evaluated using P.800 ACR, then P.800 ACR results will be different from the results obtained from CETVSQ methodology. The necessity of CETVSQ methodology is proved by this study.
45

Controle de gramíneas exóticas invasoras em área de restauração ecológica com plantio total, floresta estacional semidecidual, Itu-SP / Control of Urochloa decumbens Stapf. in ecological restoration area by planting in total area, Semideciduous Forest, Itu SP.

Martins, Adriana Ferrer 10 March 2011 (has links)
A atividade de restauração florestal é freqüentemente realizada em áreas degradadas, ocupadas por gramíneas exóticas invasoras, e o controle destas plantas é fator determinante no sucesso da restauração. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de testar intervenções para controle da gramínea exótica invasora Urochloa decumbens Stapf. em área de restauração florestal, com plantio de mudas nativas em área total. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos com parcelas subdivididas. Os tratamentos aplicados nas parcelas foram: 1. Não inversão de solo (R) e 2. Com inversão de solo por gradagem (G). Os tratamentos aplicados nas subparcelas foram: 1. Aplicação de herbicida na instalação e nas manutenções (H), 2. Plantio de feijão de porco (Canavalia ensiformes DC.) com aplicação de herbicida na instalação e nas manutenções só roçagem (H+FP), 3. Plantio de feijão de guandu (Cajanus cajan L.) com aplicação de herbicida na instalação e nas manutenções só roçagem (H+FG), 4. Plantio de feijão de porco (Canavalia ensiformes DC.) na instalação e nas manutenções só roçagem (FP), 5. Plantio de feijão de guandu (Cajanus cajan L.) na instalação e nas manutenções só roçagem (FG), 6. Roçagem na instalação e nas manutenções (sem aplicação de herbicida e sem plantio de adubos verdes) (s/Hs/AV). O desenvolvimento da gramínea foi avaliado pela altura e porcentagem de cobertura no solo e o desenvolvimento das mudas pela altura, área de copas e mortalidade. As analises estatísticas foram realizadas pelo pacote estatístico SAS. O experimento permitiu concluir que, no período entre plantio e a primeira manutenção (realizada 3 meses após o plantio) as coberturas vivas na interação R(H+FP) e R(H+FG) diminuíram a porcentagem de cobertura no solo de U. decumbens em relação ao tratamento R(s/Hs/AV) e os tratamentos (H+FP) e (H+FG) diminuíram a altura da U. decumbens no primeiro mês em relação ao tratamento (s/Hs/AV). Após a primeira manutenção, apenas o tratamento (H) diminuiu a porcentagem de cobertura no solo de U. decumbens e a altura desta gramínea em relação a todos os demais. Nas variáveis referentes ao desenvolvimento das mudas, apenas a variável área de copas apresentou diferença significativa nas interações entre os tratamentos R(H) e R(s/Hs/AV) 7 meses após o plantio e R(H) em relação a todos os demais 9 meses após o plantio, sendo que o R(H) apresentou maior área de copas. Neste experimento, o uso de adubos verdes em área de restauração florestal não melhorou o desenvolvimento das mudas plantadas. O tratamento que promoveu menor porcentagem de cobertura no solo de U. decumbens, menor altura de Urochloa decumbens Stapf. e mudas com maior área de copas foi o que teve aplicação de herbicida na instalação e nas manutenções (H). / The activity of forest restoration is often performed in areas covered by exotic grasses. In this way, the weed control of these plants is a determining factor in the success of restoration. This project aims to test different interventions for Urochloa decumbens Stapf. control in an area of forest restoration with seedlings planting in total area. The design adopted was split plot treatments divided in blocks, with each plot with different kind of soil tillage systems: 1. tillage (no soil movement) and 2. Harrowing (ground motion); and subplots with: 1. herbicide application in the installation and during maintenance (H); 2. herbicide application and planting of bean (Canavalia ensiformis DC.) in the installation and maintenance on mowing (FP + H); 3. herbicide application and planting beans (Cajanus cajan L.) in the installation and maintenance on mowing (H + FG); 4. planting bean (Canavalia ensiformis DC.) in the installation and maintenance on mowing (FP), 5. planting bean (Cajanus cajan L.) in the installation and maintenance on mowing (FG); and 6. no herbicide application nor planting green manure in the installation and the maintenance on mowing (s / Hs / AV). The grass height and percentage of occupation in of the soil was measured, as well the height, canopy area and mortality of seedlings, all of them analyzed by the SAS statistical package. In the period between planting and first maintenance (3 months), the living roofs in the interaction R (H + FP) and R (H + FG) controlled the percentage of invasive exotic grasses in the soil, and the treatments (H + FP) and ( H + FG) controlled the height of grasses in the first month. After the first maintenance, only the treatment (H) controlled the grasses in percentage of occupancy in the soil and height. Regarding the variables referred to the seedlings, only the canopy area showed a significant difference between treatments (H) and (s / Hs / AV) 7 months after planting and the (H) treatment showed a difference among all others, 9 months after planting,, as well its showed the biggest area. In this experiment the use of green manure in the area of forest restoration did not improve seedling growth. The (H) treatment was the one that promotes the Urochloa decumbens Stapf. control for a longer time and the seedlings with the largest canopy area.
46

Periodic Data Structures for Bandwidth-intensive Applications

Albanese, Ilijc 12 January 2015 (has links)
Current telecommunication infrastructure is undergoing significant changes. Such changes involve the type of traffic traveling through the network as well as the requirements imposed by the new traffic mix (e.g. strict delay control and low end-to-end delay). In this new networking scenario, the current infrastructure, which remained almost unchanged for the last several decades, is struggling to adapt, and its limitations in terms of power consumption, scalability, and economical viability have become more evident. In this dissertation we explore the potential advantages of using periodic data structures to handle efficiently bandwidth-intensive transactions, which constitute a significant portion of today's network traffic. We start by implementing an approach that can work as a standalone system aiming to provide the same advantages promised by all-optical approaches such as OBS and OFS. We show that our approach is able to provide similar advantages (e.g. energy efficiency, link utilization, and low computational load for the network hardware) while avoiding the drawbacks (e.g. use of optical buffers, inefficient resource utilization, and costly deployment), using commercially available hardware. Aware of the issues of large scale hardware redeployment, we adapt our approach to work within the current transport network architecture, reusing most of the hardware and protocols that are already in place, offering a more gradual evolutionary path, while retaining the advantages of our standalone system. We then apply our approach to Data Center Networks (DCNs), showing its ability to achieve significant improvements in terms of network performance stability, predictability, performance isolation, agility, and goodput with respect to popular DCN approaches. We also show our approach is able to work in concert with many proposed and deployed DCN architectures, providing DCNs with a simple, efficient, and versatile protocol to handle bandwidth-intensive applications within the DCs. / Graduate
47

A pintura de Jesuíno do Monte Carmelo em São Paulo e Itu: busca dos referenciais iconográficos e novas considerações / The painting of Jesuíno do Monte Carmelo in São Paulo and Itu: search of iconographic references and new considerations

Murayama, Eduardo Tsutomu [UNESP] 01 April 2016 (has links)
Submitted by EDUARDO TSUTOMU MURAYAMA null (eduardomurayama@yahoo.com) on 2016-05-16T03:37:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE EDUARDO T MURAYAMA - CORRIGIDA - MAIO 2016.pdf: 14126120 bytes, checksum: 4f523f7eea397c8b25b61bc401609c63 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-18T19:17:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 muruyama_et_dr_ia_par.pdf: 1794404 bytes, checksum: 333482f5a959893eb149fd9e8ec63099 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-18T19:17:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 muruyama_et_dr_ia_par.pdf: 1794404 bytes, checksum: 333482f5a959893eb149fd9e8ec63099 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-01 / Não recebi financiamento / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo dar continuidade ao trabalho iniciado na minha dissertação de mestrado, sobre a obra pictórica de Jesuíno Francisco de Paula Gusmão, conhecido na historiografia da arte brasileira como Padre Jesuíno do Monte Carmelo (1764-1819). Apresentada em 2010, os estudos iniciais cobriram as obras do artista então encontradas na Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo de São Paulo e seu processo de restauração, sob coordenação do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional – IPHAN. Daquele momento até o presente, outras relevantes descobertas envolvendo Jesuíno foram efetuadas na cidade de Itu (SP): na Igreja Matriz de Nossa Senhora da Candelária, onde o padre pintor trabalhou em parceria com o Mestre José Patrício da Silva Manso (1740-1801), foram resgatadas pinturas parietais do século XVIII e indícios da participação de outros artífices até então desconhecidos pelos pesquisadores, além de trechos de um tabuado com pinturas inéditas de Jesuíno. Desse modo, a finalização do restauro da Carmo paulistana, mais as recentes descobertas da Matriz ituana e a possível recuperação do painel do teto da Igreja do Carmo de Itu, também de autoria de Jesuíno, somadas à busca dos possíveis referenciais iconográficos utilizados pelo sacerdote artista, ampliam a obra pictórica do padre Jesuíno do Monte Carmelo e fornecem material para que se realize uma revisão sobre a relevância de sua produção para a história da arte paulista e brasileira. / This research aims to continue the work started in my master's dissertation about the pictorial work of Jesuíno Francisco de Paula Gusmão, known in the history of Brazilian art as Priest Jesuíno do Monte Carmelo (1764-1819). Presented in 2010, the initial studies covered the works of the artist found in the Church of the Ordem Terceira do Carmo de São Paulo and its restoration process, coordinated by the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional - IPHAN. From that time until the present, other relevant discoveries involving Jesuíno were made in the city of Itu (SP): in the Church of Nossa Senhora da Candelária, where the painter priest worked with the Master José Patrício da Silva Manso (1740-1801), parietal paintings from the eighteenth century were rescued and evidence the involvement of other craftsmen hitherto unknown by the researchers, as well as fragments from a clapboard with new paintings by Jesuíno. Thus, the completion of the restoration of the Igreja do Carmo de São Paulo, more recent discoveries of Itu’s Mother Church and the possible recovery of the ceiling painting of the Igreja do Carmo de Itu, also authored by Jesuíno, together with the search for possible iconographic references used by the priest artist, extend the pictorial work of Priest Jesuíno do Monte Carmelo and provide material for that conduct a review of the relevance of its production to the history of São Paulo art and Brazilian art.
48

O tempo que os escravos tinham para si: um estudo sobre autonomia escrava em Itu de 1850 a 1888

Cerdan, Marcelo Alves [UNESP] 27 November 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-11-27Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000796274.pdf: 8022826 bytes, checksum: dc0c3183c80b83281fecddf4cde75bc0 (MD5) / La presente tesi intende esaminare, dal punto di vista della storia culturale e sociale della schiavitù, alcuni aspetti e problemi della schiavitù in Brasile, nella seconda metà del XIX secolo, da pratiche di produzione indipendente e attività ricreative degli schiavi che vivevano a Itu tra il 1850 e il 1888 / A presente tese busca analisar, sob a ótica da história social e cultural da escravidão, alguns aspectos e questões da escravidão brasileira na segunda metade do século XIX, a partir de práticas produtivas independentes e atividades de lazer entre os escravos que viveram em Itu entre 1850 e 1888 / The present thesis seeks to examine, from the perspective of social and cultural history of slavery, some aspects and issues of slavery in Brazil in the second half of the 19th century, from independent production practices and leisure activities of the slaves who lived in Itu between 1850 and 1888
49

O tempo que os escravos tinham para si : um estudo sobre autonomia escrava em Itu de 1850 a 1888 /

Cerdan, Marcelo Alves. January 2013 (has links)
Orientador: Dora Isabel Paiva da Costa / Banca: Ana Raquel Marques da Cunha Martins Portugal / Banca: Denise Aparecida Soares de Moura / Banca: Lucia Helena Oliveira Silva / Banca: Renata Medeiros Paoliello / Resumo: A presente tese busca analisar, sob a ótica da história social e cultural da escravidão, alguns aspectos e questões da escravidão brasileira na segunda metade do século XIX, a partir de práticas produtivas independentes e atividades de lazer entre os escravos que viveram em Itu entre 1850 e 1888 / Abstract: The present thesis seeks to examine, from the perspective of social and cultural history of slavery, some aspects and issues of slavery in Brazil in the second half of the 19th century, from independent production practices and leisure activities of the slaves who lived in Itu between 1850 and 1888 / Astratto: La presente tesi intende esaminare, dal punto di vista della storia culturale e sociale della schiavitù, alcuni aspetti e problemi della schiavitù in Brasile, nella seconda metà del XIX secolo, da pratiche di produzione indipendente e attività ricreative degli schiavi che vivevano a Itu tra il 1850 e il 1888 / Doutor
50

Controle de gramíneas exóticas invasoras em área de restauração ecológica com plantio total, floresta estacional semidecidual, Itu-SP / Control of Urochloa decumbens Stapf. in ecological restoration area by planting in total area, Semideciduous Forest, Itu SP.

Adriana Ferrer Martins 10 March 2011 (has links)
A atividade de restauração florestal é freqüentemente realizada em áreas degradadas, ocupadas por gramíneas exóticas invasoras, e o controle destas plantas é fator determinante no sucesso da restauração. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de testar intervenções para controle da gramínea exótica invasora Urochloa decumbens Stapf. em área de restauração florestal, com plantio de mudas nativas em área total. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos com parcelas subdivididas. Os tratamentos aplicados nas parcelas foram: 1. Não inversão de solo (R) e 2. Com inversão de solo por gradagem (G). Os tratamentos aplicados nas subparcelas foram: 1. Aplicação de herbicida na instalação e nas manutenções (H), 2. Plantio de feijão de porco (Canavalia ensiformes DC.) com aplicação de herbicida na instalação e nas manutenções só roçagem (H+FP), 3. Plantio de feijão de guandu (Cajanus cajan L.) com aplicação de herbicida na instalação e nas manutenções só roçagem (H+FG), 4. Plantio de feijão de porco (Canavalia ensiformes DC.) na instalação e nas manutenções só roçagem (FP), 5. Plantio de feijão de guandu (Cajanus cajan L.) na instalação e nas manutenções só roçagem (FG), 6. Roçagem na instalação e nas manutenções (sem aplicação de herbicida e sem plantio de adubos verdes) (s/Hs/AV). O desenvolvimento da gramínea foi avaliado pela altura e porcentagem de cobertura no solo e o desenvolvimento das mudas pela altura, área de copas e mortalidade. As analises estatísticas foram realizadas pelo pacote estatístico SAS. O experimento permitiu concluir que, no período entre plantio e a primeira manutenção (realizada 3 meses após o plantio) as coberturas vivas na interação R(H+FP) e R(H+FG) diminuíram a porcentagem de cobertura no solo de U. decumbens em relação ao tratamento R(s/Hs/AV) e os tratamentos (H+FP) e (H+FG) diminuíram a altura da U. decumbens no primeiro mês em relação ao tratamento (s/Hs/AV). Após a primeira manutenção, apenas o tratamento (H) diminuiu a porcentagem de cobertura no solo de U. decumbens e a altura desta gramínea em relação a todos os demais. Nas variáveis referentes ao desenvolvimento das mudas, apenas a variável área de copas apresentou diferença significativa nas interações entre os tratamentos R(H) e R(s/Hs/AV) 7 meses após o plantio e R(H) em relação a todos os demais 9 meses após o plantio, sendo que o R(H) apresentou maior área de copas. Neste experimento, o uso de adubos verdes em área de restauração florestal não melhorou o desenvolvimento das mudas plantadas. O tratamento que promoveu menor porcentagem de cobertura no solo de U. decumbens, menor altura de Urochloa decumbens Stapf. e mudas com maior área de copas foi o que teve aplicação de herbicida na instalação e nas manutenções (H). / The activity of forest restoration is often performed in areas covered by exotic grasses. In this way, the weed control of these plants is a determining factor in the success of restoration. This project aims to test different interventions for Urochloa decumbens Stapf. control in an area of forest restoration with seedlings planting in total area. The design adopted was split plot treatments divided in blocks, with each plot with different kind of soil tillage systems: 1. tillage (no soil movement) and 2. Harrowing (ground motion); and subplots with: 1. herbicide application in the installation and during maintenance (H); 2. herbicide application and planting of bean (Canavalia ensiformis DC.) in the installation and maintenance on mowing (FP + H); 3. herbicide application and planting beans (Cajanus cajan L.) in the installation and maintenance on mowing (H + FG); 4. planting bean (Canavalia ensiformis DC.) in the installation and maintenance on mowing (FP), 5. planting bean (Cajanus cajan L.) in the installation and maintenance on mowing (FG); and 6. no herbicide application nor planting green manure in the installation and the maintenance on mowing (s / Hs / AV). The grass height and percentage of occupation in of the soil was measured, as well the height, canopy area and mortality of seedlings, all of them analyzed by the SAS statistical package. In the period between planting and first maintenance (3 months), the living roofs in the interaction R (H + FP) and R (H + FG) controlled the percentage of invasive exotic grasses in the soil, and the treatments (H + FP) and ( H + FG) controlled the height of grasses in the first month. After the first maintenance, only the treatment (H) controlled the grasses in percentage of occupancy in the soil and height. Regarding the variables referred to the seedlings, only the canopy area showed a significant difference between treatments (H) and (s / Hs / AV) 7 months after planting and the (H) treatment showed a difference among all others, 9 months after planting,, as well its showed the biggest area. In this experiment the use of green manure in the area of forest restoration did not improve seedling growth. The (H) treatment was the one that promotes the Urochloa decumbens Stapf. control for a longer time and the seedlings with the largest canopy area.

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