Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil (Especialização em Vias de Comunicação). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2009

Diseñador Gráfico / No autorizada para ser publicada en el Portal de Tesis Electrónicas de la U. de Chile.

Stockholm metro stations have the longest gallery in the world and is one of the most significant things in the entire city. The artworks of each metro station is unique and related to the city context.  In addition, taking subway is an important way of transportation in Stockholm. People take the subway to other parts of the city in a hurry, but most of them ignore the beauty of the artworks and also don't have a deep understanding of the story behind it. So I think that a museum space that can evoke people's feeling about the artworks in metro station and touch the collective memory is needed. The site of the art museum is located in city center area. Orgelpipan 4&5 have a deep relationship with the construction of the T-Centralen metro station, especially the basement part of the Orgelpipan 4 has six huge arches structure from the metro station. So my main focus is to reuse the basement space as the art museum, trying to open the space  to the public. When people stand in front of the metro artworks in the museum, people may be familiar with some artworks that can recall the memory of the station and the place. And also maybe they can find some interesting artworks they never seen that can give people some motivation to look at the artworks at the real site-the metro station. In this way, people can have a colser relationship to the Stockholm city.

This thesis examines processes through which the barriers in the Stockholm metro are continuously rearranged. The barriers are in place with the purpose of securing income, while simultaneously enabling the flow of passengers into the metro. First, I examine the technical components and capacities of the barriers. Second, I outline a variety of actors involved with planning, manufacturing, and maintaining them, and analytically link these actors as comprising an ‘apparatus of public transport’. More specifically, this study focuses on how metro users’ practices are both influenced by, and influence how the barriers are rearranged. I show how this dynamic is enacted in the barrier milieu in metro stations, where also the tension between the purposes of securing income and allowing mobility is negotiated. The ethnographic material includes encounters with metro users, technicians, officials, and politicians in metro stations and other settings, as well as written documentations. In public discussions, the barriers are commonly at issue in relation to fare evasion. From a standpoint where technical, social, and political dimensions are understood as intermeshed, this study casts attention to a variety of practices occurring in the barrier milieu. By exploring how a technical arrangement influences social relations, I aim to raise questions of responsibility with regards to technology.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-24T12:22:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 marcos_paulo_costa_barcellos_dias.pdf: 1767851 bytes, checksum: c516c535b41ca3d5f7ad132d2996e68a (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-24T12:22:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 marcos_paulo_costa_barcellos_dias.pdf: 1767851 bytes, checksum: c516c535b41ca3d5f7ad132d2996e68a (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-24T12:23:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 marcos_paulo_costa_barcellos_dias.pdf: 1767851 bytes, checksum: c516c535b41ca3d5f7ad132d2996e68a (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-24T12:23:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 marcos_paulo_costa_barcellos_dias.pdf: 1767851 bytes, checksum: c516c535b41ca3d5f7ad132d2996e68a (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O volume de madeira em uma ?rea usualmente ? estimado por meio de equa??es matem?ticas, que s?o ajustadas de forma especifica para ?rvores de um determinado s?tio, por?m os m?todos tradicionais requerem biometrias dos indiv?duos no campo, registradas anteriormente a colheita. Em casos em que n?o ? poss?vel fazer uso dos procedimentos convencionais devido a aus?ncia de ?rvores, as cepas restantes no local ? a ?nica fonte de informa??es que podem evidenciar o estoque volum?trico que foi colhido. Este trabalho teve como objetivos compreender a rela??o entre o di?metro de cepa e o volume total em um povoamento clonal de Eucalipto por meio do uso de equa??es volum?tricas e Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA), a fim de contribuir com informa??es que possam subsidiar a??es de fiscaliza??o, auditorias em empresas privadas e projetos de manejo em geral. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Vida de propriedade da Gusa Nordeste LTDA, inserida no munic?pio de Barra do Corda, localizado na regi?o central do estado do Maranh?o. Foram instaladas 52 parcelas de 600 m? cada, distribu?das aleatoriamente em sete talh?es, implantados sob o mesmo regime de preparo de solo e com o mesmo material gen?tico, todos no espa?amento 4?3 m e idades em torno de seis anos. Em cada unidade amostral foi coletado a altura total de 15 ?rvores, sendo que cinco delas eram qualificadas como dominantes todos os indiv?duos foram mensurados os di?metros a 0,00; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15; 0,20; 0,25; 0,30 e 1,30 m do solo. Al?m disso, foram cubadas 64 ?rvores distribu?das em classes diam?tricas suficientes para representar o estrato. Ap?s os processamentos convencionais empregou-se as t?cnicas utilizando os di?metros pr?ximos ao solo, visando comparar os procedimentos convencionais com os propostos neste trabalho. Em um contexto geral, pode-se notar que quando n?o ? poss?vel realizar o invent?rio convencional e n?o se sabe o destino da madeira, empregar estimativas obtidas por equa??es volum?tricas e RNA ? uma alternativa vi?vel de se obter o prov?vel estoque que havia na ?rea, utilizando-se apenas as informa??es de di?metro da cepa. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT The volume of wood in an area is usually estimated through mathematical equations, which are adjusted in a specific way to each trees of a particular site, however the traditional methods require the record of biometrics of individuals, in place, previously to the forest harvest. In cases where it is not possible to use the conventional procedures, owing to the absence of trees, the remaining stumps on site is the only source of information in which can infer the stock volume was harvested. This study aims to understand the relationship between the diameter of tree stump and the total volume in a stand of clonal of Eucalyptus by the using of volumetric equations and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), in order to contribute information that can offer support in actions of invigilate, audits of private companies and project management in general. The study was conducted in Farm Vida owned by Gusa Nordeste LTDA, inserted in the municipality of Barra do Corda, located in the central region of the state of Maranh?o. Were installed 52 plots with area 600 m?, randomly distributed into seven stands, and implanted under the same regime of soil preparation and with the same genetic material, all stands with same spacing of 4?3 m and and ages around six years. At each sample unit was registered data of total height of 15 trees, in which five of these trees were classified as dominant, and for all individuals inside of the sample units, has measured the diameters at 0,00; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15; 0,20; 0,25; 0,30 e 1,30 m relative to ground level. Further, 64 trees, into different diameter classes, were cubed. Those classes were sufficient to represent the stratum. After the conventional processing techniques, were employed techniques using variable of diameters measured near the level ground, order to compare with conventional procedures proposed in this work. In a general context it can be noted that when it is not possible to perform the inventory conventional and does not know the destination of the wood, use the estimates obtained by employing volumetric equations and ANN can be recommended as a viable alternative to obtain the probable wood stock, which was existent before to the harvest, using only set data of the stump diameter.

Planificar los recursos humanos destinados a la venta de cupos de transporte en Metro S.A. es una tarea de alta complejidad, debido a la gran cantidad tanto de puntos de venta como de recursos que deben ser administrados. Por otra parte, la implementación del plan Transantiago se traduce en un importante aumento de la demanda por los servicios de Metro S.A., junto con esto el Administrador Financiero de Transantiago (AFT) impone el cumplimiento de un alto estándar de calidad, el cual, en este estudio, está representado por el largo de las colas que se generan en los puntos de venta. Metro S.A. subcontrata el personal de ventas necesario, lo que impone el desafío de generar una asignación eficiente de estos recursos. La complejidad del problema, junto con el aumento de la demanda y el sistema de subcontratación que utiliza Metro S.A, son los factores que motivan el desarrollo de una herramienta que sea capaz de determinar la dotación de personal requerida en cada punto de venta y en cada momento, cumpliendo con el nivel de servicio exigido por el AFT y al menor costo posible. El problema se enfrenta mediante un enfoque dual. Por una parte se tiene un modelo de programación matemática determinístico y por otra un modelo de simulación que considera los factores aleatorios del sistema. La metodología de solución propuesta consiste en generar la planificación con el modelo de programación matemática y analizarla con el modelo de simulación para determinar el nivel de servicio que alcanza dicha programación. Así, se itera sobre la solución obtenida inicialmente, incorporándose correcciones donde sea necesario hasta que el nivel de servicio de la solución sea el exigido. El tema del presente trabajo de título es el desarrollo del modelo de programación matemática. Éste es un modelo de asignación y secuenciamiento de turnos de trabajo con restricciones de capacidad. Además considera restricciones de disponibilidad de recursos, satisfacción de la demanda y nivel de servicio, minimizando el costo de la planificación. En paralelo se desarrolla una interfaz gráfica para la utilización del modelo por parte de usuarios inexpertos. Esta interfaz permite configurar el modelo según sea necesario o para realizar diversos análisis que apoyen la toma de decisiones tácticas y estratégicas. Los resultados entregados por el modelo, para la red de Metro S.A., permiten cumplir con el nivel de servicio exigido con un costo significativamente menor (11%) al costo de operación actual. La validación del modelo se realiza a través de un plan piloto, donde se prueba en terreno los efectos de la programación obtenida con el modelo. Los resultados demostraron que el modelo representa adecuadamente el comportamiento del sistema. Sin embargo, también quedó demostrado que el modelo tiene una alta dependencia de la estimación de demanda, la cual, en ocasiones, no refleja la realidad. Por lo que se propone realizar un estudio para caracterizar con mayor precisión la demanda por cupos de transporte.

Orientador: Basilio Ernesto de Almeida Milani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T08:02:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_AndreaNevesde_M.pdf: 4883620 bytes, checksum: 50474d19ea1bfb1b2d29ba6aa7097280 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: Neste trabalho é estudado o problema de regulação ótima robusta de sistemas lineares (A, B) discretos no tempo, incertos, sujeitos a restrições lineares simétricas no estado e controle e domínio de parâmetros incertos, definido por intervalo de matrizes envolvendo as matrizes A e/ou B. Uma condição, suficiente de existência de solução para o problema é obtida a partir de resultados da teoria de poliedros positivamente invariantes. Utilizando essa condição, uma formulação de programação linear é proposta para solução do problema de regulação robusta. A abordagem proposta é própria para sistemas de grande porte com grande número de parâmetros incertos. A regulação de tráfego em linhas metroviárias é formulada como um problema de regulação robusta de sistemas lineares discretos no tempo, sujeitos a restrições no estado e controle. Para sua solução é utilizada com sucesso a abordagem de programação linear desenvolvida neste tra- balho. Exemplos numéricos, com linhas metroviárias com parâmetros e porte compatíveis com os encontrados na prática, ilustram a superioridade da formulação de regulação robusta proposta, sobre formulações alternativas que não consideram diretamente as restrições no estado e controle do sistema bem como as incertezas nos parâmetros de seu modelo / Abstract: In this work, it is studied the optimal robust regulation problem for linear uncertain discrete-time systems (A, B), subject to symmetricallinear constraints on the state and control and uncertain parameter domain, defined by interval matrices including A andjor B . A sufficient condition for existence of solution to the problem is derived from results of the theory of positively invariant polyhedral sets. Using this condition, a linear programming formulation is proposed for the solution of the regulation problem. The proposed approach is indicated for large systems with large number of uncertain parameters. The traffic regulation in metro lines is formulated as a robust regulation problem for discrete-time linear systems subject to state and control constraints. For its solution, it is used with success the linear programming approach developed in this work. Numerical examples of metro lines with parameters and size compatible to those existing in pratice, illustrate the superiority of the proposed robust regulation formulation over alternative ones that do not consider directly the state and control constraints and the parameter uncertainties / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Educational law did not recognize autism as a disability category until the passage of The Education for all Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 101-476) in 1990. More recently, in 2005 the federal government issued a report from the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) detailing rising prevalence, expenditures that exceed general education per pupil spending, and multiple educational services. Furthermore, the Virginia Department of Education created an ad hoc committee to study autism in the Commonwealth. Therefore, the study sought to answer: (1) What programs are being used in the Commonwealth of Virginia to serve children identified with the educational disability label of autism? (2) What is the degree of effectiveness of these programs as perceived by directors of special education? and (3) Do selected demographics of the school division influence the types of programs that are delivered? A survey instrument was used to answer the research questions. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 14.0 (SPSS 14.0) resulting in descriptive statistics and One-Way ANOVA with post hoc Multicomparison. Analysis revealed that 48.4% of school divisions responding primarily rely on traditional special education to serve children with autism. Post hoc testing revealed that the mean score for school divisions using a combination of specially designed programs (M = 3.38) were statistically significantly different from the mean score of school divisions that primarily use traditional special education services (M = 2.9).The results of this study may be used to promote the use of specially designed programs for children with autism in school divisions in the commonwealth of Virginia and focus training for school divisions that serve metro, urban, and rural areas. / Ph. D.

Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) programs and policies are being developed and implemented across the country. CVE is being criticized by various community leaders and members due to its inherent criminalizing nature as it is currently put into place by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). By exploring the various meanings of community in a multicultural community, various processes and practices can come to be analyzed as ways to prevent violent extremism without oversight from the DOJ and the DHS. Metro Detroit is a multicultural community that experiences statistically low levels of radicalization of community members who legitimize violent extremism. Even such cases can be delegitimized when considering the circumstances in which they exist. When examining the community cohesion that exists in Metro Detroit through various organizations, especially interfaith organizations, it becomes apparent that there is a strong attempt to create a cohesive community. The argument is not that community cohesion automatically leads to the absence of violent extremism, but that community cohesion builds relationships and practices so that potential causes for violent extremism can be addressed, lessened or diminished. It is suggested that the support of strengthening community cohesion in terms of CVE be dismantled from the DHS and the DOJ. Restructuring would best be supported as a joint effort between the Department of Education, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development, all of which are better equipped to deal with the causes of violent extremism. / Master of Arts

Le métro de Paris, exploité par la Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP), compte aujourd’hui seize lignes et transporte environ 5 millions de passagers par jour. L’ensemble des infrastructures du métro est essentiellement souterrain et a été construit pour la plupart au début du XXe siècle. Environ 85% des tunnels sont composés d’une voûte en maçonnerie et de piédroits et radier en béton non armé. Certains de ces ouvrages présentent des pathologies de dégradation, notamment des fissures en clé de voûte et des discontinuités dans le contact tunnel-sol encaissant. Lors de travaux dans les tunnels ou à proximité, le comportement de la maçonnerie de la voûte est difficile à appréhender, d’une part parce que les matériaux constitutifs sont rarement étudiés de façon approfondie et d’autre part parce qu’il existe peu de modèles de calcul qui intègrent l’environnement particulier de ces tunnels. La thèse décrit un modèle de comportement permettant de représenter au mieux le comportement des voûtes en maçonnerie de tunnel. Ce modèle a été implanté dans un code de calcul par éléments finis, afin de pouvoir évaluer l’influence de travaux à proximité. Pour cela, un modèle existant dans la littérature a été choisi et adapté : le comportement des voûtes en maçonnerie est représenté par une loi de comportement qui combine une technique d’homogénéisation de la maçonnerie et une loi d’endommagement isotrope décrivant l’évolution des propriétés mécaniques des matériaux constitutifs, ce qui permet de reproduire de façon implicite le comportement non linéaire orthotrope de la voûte ; le comportement des piédroits et du radier est représenté par une loi d’endommagement isotrope. Le modèle proposé, implanté dans le code de calcul CESAR-LCPC, permet de reproduire le mécanisme de ruine d’un tunnel par la formation de rotules. Parallèlement au travail de modélisation, la thèse présente une campagne d’essais de laboratoire qui caractérise les matériaux constitutifs de la voûte et des piédroits et du radier, et qui donne la valeur des paramètres du modèle. Ces essais ont été réalisés sur des éprouvettes issues de carottes prélevées in situ. Enfin, le modèle numérique, alimenté par les caractéristiques mécaniques issues des essais en laboratoire, est utilisé pour simuler la réponse d’un tunnel en maçonnerie à des chargements appliqués à proximité. Cette modélisation a été conduite sur deux cas d’étude concernant le réseau du métro parisien / The Paris subway system, operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP), has sixteen lines and carries about 5 million passengers daily. The infrastructure is mostly underground and was built predominantly in the early twentieth century. About 85% of the tunnels are built with a masonry vault and unreinforced concrete sidewalls and slab. Some of these structures show degradation pathologies, notably cracks at the crown of the tunnel and discontinuities at the tunnel – soil interface. When civil engineering works are carried out in the tunnels or nearby, the behavior of the masonry vault is difficult to predict, firstly because the constitutive materials of the tunnel are rarely thoroughly studied and secondly because there are few models that incorporate the particular behavior of these tunnels. The thesis describes a model that represents the behavior of the masonry tunnel vaults. This model was implemented in a finite element code in order to assess the influence of nearby engineering works. In the selected approach, an existing model was selected from the literature and adapted to our study: the behavior of the masonry vault is represented by the selected model that combines a homogenization technique for the masonry and an isotropic damage law describing the evolution of the mechanical properties of each component, thus reproducing implicitly the nonlinear orthotropic behavior of the vault; the behavior of the sidewalls and slab is represented by an isotropic damage law. The proposed model, implemented in the computer code CESAR-LCPC, reproduces the failure mechanism of a tunnel by the formation of hinges. Alongside the modeling work, a laboratory test campaign was undertaken to characterize the materials of the vault, sidewalls and slab, and to estimate the model parameters. These tests were carried out on specimens taken from cores extracted in situ. Finally, the numerical model, along with the characteristics obtained from laboratory testing, is used to simulate the response of a masonry tunnel subjected to loads applied nearby in two case studies on the Paris subway system