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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A proibição do pacto comissório no direito brasileiro / The prohibition of the pacto comissorio in Brazilian law.

Haddad, Luís Gustavo 17 June 2013 (has links)
O objetivo central da tese é o de identificar os possíveis fundamentos da proibição do pacto comissório e testá-los mediante contraste com a legislação vigente. Em termos de método, isso é feito como exercício de argumentação jurídica, pautada na ideia de reconstrução racional (MACCORMICK) e na hipótese do legislador racional (FERRAZ JR.). Para alcançar esse objetivo, o trabalho começa por investigar (a) os sentidos dos termos que compõem a locução pacto comissório; e (b) a função e a estrutura da cláusula, que são analisadas sob a premissa teórica da sua licitude. Na sequência, é perquirida a presença da proibição nas legislações estrangeiras e na legislação brasileira. Disso resulta a percepção de que, embora a proibição permaneça largamente presente, há indícios de que ela começa a sofrer erosões, ou de que está a se disseminar uma visão mais clara do seu anacronismo, ou dos limites mais estreitos em que ela se justifica. Na consecução do referido objetivo central, a tese põe à prova, com base na legislação brasileira vigente, os seguintes possíveis fundamentos da vedação: (a) proteção do devedor; (b) repressão à usura; (c) caráter inderrogável da via judicial como forma de execução; (d) interesse social em impedir a difusão do pacto comissório; e (e) preservação da par conditio creditorum. A conclusão que se alcança é que não existe explicação, senão a de cunho apenas histórico, sobre o porquê de a vedação continuar sancionada por nulidade no direito brasileiro. A partir disso, propõe-se a reconstrução de um sentido para a proibição do pacto comissório, baseada na licitude do pacto marciano e na disciplina da excussão das garantias já nominadas em dinheiro. Essa iniciativa identifica como cerne da reprovabilidade do pacto comissório o risco de desproporção entre o montante da dívida e o valor de mercado do bem dado em garantia. Dessa constatação, e do quanto mais resulta da pesquisa, emergem certas sugestões de aperfeiçoamento legislativo. A tese é complementada pela análise dos julgados dos tribunais superiores brasileiros (STF e STJ) que, ao longo dos últimos cinquenta anos, debateram a extensão da proibição do pacto comissório. A parte final do trabalho aponta certas questões da economia e da cultura que se entende estarem também envolvidas na proibição do pacto comissório. / The thesis main purpose is to identify the possible reasons for prohibiting the pacto comissório and to test them by contrast with the provisions of Brazilian Law. In terms of method, this goal is attained as an exercise of legal reasoning, grounded on the ideas of rational reconstruction (MACCORMICK) and on the assumption of the rational lawmaker (FERRAZ JR.). The essay starts by discussing (a) the meanings of the terms in the expression pacto comissório and (b) the function and the structure of the clause, under the theoretical assumption of its conformity with the Law. After such discussion, the thesis points out the presence of the prohibition in certain foreign legislations and also in the Brazilian Laws. This leads to the perception that, although the prohibition remains largely present, there are signs that it is being eroded, or that it is becoming clear that it is outdated, or that may be justified in a much narrower sense. While pursuing its central objective, the essay tries out, in light of Brazilian Law, the following possible reasons for prohibiting the pacto comissório: (a) the protection of the debtor; (b) the repression to the usury; (c) the judicial foreclosure as the mandatory form for the enforcement of security interests; (d) the social interest in avoiding the dissemination of the pacto comissório; and (e) the observance of the par conditio creditorum rule. The conclusion that arises from this test is that there is no explanation, except for a historical one, for the prohibition of the pacto comissório to remain sanctioned by nullity in Brazilian Law. The thesis suggests then the reconstruction of a reasonable meaning for the prohibition, which takes into account the legitimacy of the pacto marciano and the legal discipline of the security interests over money or money-like assets. This initiative identifies the risk of discrepancy between the amount of the debt and the market value of the collateral as the real core of the rule prohibiting the pacto comissório. From this conclusion, and from what else is perceived by the research, certain suggestions for enhancing the quality of Brazilian legislation are presented. The essay is complemented by the analysis of the decisions rendered by Brazilian superior courts (STF and STJ) during the last fifty years, regarding the extension of the prohibition of the pacto comissório. A last part of the thesis points out certain economic and cultural issues that are also considered involved in the prohibition of the pacto comissório.
2

Les biens d'usage public en droit colombien / Regulation of public property available for public use in colombian law

Pimiento-Echeverri, Julian-Andres 02 May 2011 (has links)
Les biens d'usage public sont la catégorie centrale de la construction du droit administratif des biens. L'absence d'une analyse d'ensemble de la catégorie, en droit colombien, pousse à revoir les bases sur lesquelles elle repose et ses conséquences. Plus que toute autre catégorie juridique, les biens d'usage public sont tributaires de leur histoire, c'est dans l'étude de cette dernière que se trouvent les clés d'interprétation de tout le système. Le modèle utilisé par le code civil colombien a été calqué sur la division des biens publics, opérée par le droit espagnol colonial – inspirée à son tour du droit romain. Une mise à jour s'avère nécessaire. À partir de la notion de propriété publique, et de son régime constitutionnel, il est possible de construire une définition matérielle des biens d'usage public, permettant de comprendre les caractéristiques de l'usage public. Cela implique, aussi, une révision complète du régime juridique à la lumière de l'exploitation sociale et économique – valorisation – de la propriété publique. À une triple protection, celle de la propriété publique, du bien d'usage public et de l'usager, s'ajoute une nouvelle approche des occupations privatives. Cette idée d'exploitation sociale et économique anime un nouveau régime des titres habilitant l'occupation privative, des redevances pour occupation des biens d'usage public et des droits réels administratifs. / Regulation of public property available for public use is at the core of administrative law. The Colombian Civil Code has copied colonial Spanish law in the matter, which in turn was inspired by Roman law. However, the absence of an exhaustive and coherent regulation in Colombia has forced the interpreter to study its foundation and further developments to interpret it. An update of this legal system is, therefore, imperative. Beginning with the concept of public property and its constitutional regulation, it is poss ible to analyze the elements of its public use, which will allow proposing a definition of those assets. It is necessary to analyze the regulation of these public properties under the light of their social and economic value. The protection granted by the law to the concepts of public property, public use and public user, has to be assessed under the new approach of the administrative authorizations pertaining to such public property. This notion of social and economic value will also allow scholars/people to have a new vision of the regulation of administrative authorizations, the exclusive rights (in rem) they confer and the income they produce.

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