In this disciplined configurative case-study the effects of imperialistic rule  on the democratization of the colonies Ghana (Gold Coast) and Senegal during their colonization. The positive effects of imperialism will be represented by the liberal thinker J.S. Mill. To measure the positive outcome have this study created a model of analysis in which the operationalization of Mill’s arguments will be represented. The indicators will be applied to the history of Senegal and Ghana, from acquisition of the territory to their independence. What this study found was that both Senegal and Ghana had experienced a democratization process, but with the Ghahanian democratization being more inclusive and more encompassing. This was due to the British allowing self-governance while the French only allowed democracy in the Four Communes.

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

"Against the preceding background, the phenomenon of privatisation has come to be a particularly important factor with respect to the progressive realisation of the right to water. Privatisation is the process of transferring property from public ownership to private ownership or transferring management of a service or activity from government to the private sector There has been a rapid growth in the privatisation of essential services in many African states, based on the belief that the private sector can deliver growth and efficiency more effectively than the public sector. This supposition has not been borne out by the available evidence. Cote d'Ivorie was the first African state to privatise its water delivery system in 1960. Since then, over 18 major water contracts have been awarded by at least 14 African states, including Senegal and South Africa, to private concernts for the delivery of water. A host of other states are planning to or are already in the process of privatising their water delivery systems. The main impetus behind this spate of sometimes frenzied privatisation, has been the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), who make the privatisation of public services or utilities an unavoidable condition for loans to African states. These two institutions have however, quite recently, come under serious pressure to fundamentally rethink the use of conditionality and have initiated a series of evaluations which are expected to result in some critical conclusions. This study aims to demonstrate through the two case studies of Senegal and South Africa that privatisation of water by African states can affect the process of 'progressive realisation' and may actually result in the violation of the right to water guaranteed under international human rights law. It investigates whether privatisation of water by African states affects the obligation of progressive realisation of the right to water. The choice of Senegal and South Africa is based on the fact that studies on the development and impact of water privatisation in both states have been carried out and futher whilst Senegal is an example of 'privatisation forced by the World Bank', South Africa is not. In addition, both states are parties to international human rights instruments that implicitly or explicitly guarantee the right to water. ... Chapter 2 will discuss the 'right to water' and the obligation of progressive ralisation with regard to the overall promotion and protection of economic, social and cultural rights. It will examine whether such a right actually exists under international human rights law, its nature and extent and the content of the obligation to progressively realise it. Chapter 3 will focus on the process of privatisation, its varous forms and the impetus for such a process. It will also explore arguments in support of, and against, privatisation. Chapter 4 will analyse the impact of privatisation on the obligation to progressively realise the right to water by looking at the situation pre- and post-privatisation. Some concluding remarks will be made in chapter 5." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2006. / Prepared under the supervision of Prof. J. Oloka-Onyango at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Senegal is a country in West Africa that is 95% Muslim and where Islam is deeply linked to hip-hop music. According to existing academic research, the emerging rappers in the artistic and cultural scene in Dakar are men and belong to the Sufi Taalibe Bay brotherhood, whose founder Ibrahim Niasse (1900-1975) is considered the spiritual leader of the rappers. Through the use of hip-hop, they communicate religious messages and attract many young people to Bay’s movement.This thesis presents for the first time a study concerning the musical material of a young Senegalese female artist belonging to this Sufi brotherhood, namely Aida Sock. Currently, no academic studies are acknowledging the presence of the female disciples of Bay and how they use hip-hop music as a means of spreading Sufi mystical Islam. This study aims to fill this academic gap through an interpretative analysis of the symbolism and religious message present in two of Aida Sock’s music videos: “Road to Redemption” and “The Highest”. The research also hopes to encourage othe racademics to look into this untouched topic further.

Mon projet de thèse porte sur les enjeux de la modernisation de la justice car le Sénégal, après avoir mis en place un système original d'unité de juridiction à dualité de contentieux en 1960, a procédé à des réformes majeures de son organisation judiciaire en 1984, en 1992, en 2008 et enfin en 2015. Entre temps, le pays a signé le traité de Port-Louis instituant l'OHADA qui a mis en place une Cour commune de justice et d'arbitrage, une école de la magistrature et pris dix actes uniformes qui régissent le droit des affaires dans les 17 Etats parties. Le pays a également été le premier pays signataire du traité de Rome instituant la CPI et après avoir reçu mandat de l'Union africaine de juger l'ancien président tchadien monsieur Hussein Habré, a créé les chambres africaines extraordinaires dans son dispositif institutionnel. Le Sénégal avait amorcé également un vaste programme de modernisation de la justice dénommé programme sectoriel justice avec comme objectifs spécifiques d'accroître l'accessibilité de la justice, son efficacité et d'améliorer son cadre institutionnel. La mise en œuvre de toutes ces réformes a certes donné des résultats significatifs mais des contraintes majeures demeurent. Mon étude a donc pour vocation de présenter un système judiciaire qui s'est complexifié au fil de ses réformes, ambitionne de se hisser à des normes de standard international d'où la nécessité de changer de paradigmes pour atteindre les performances qui donnent satisfaction aux justiciables, aux citoyens et aux investisseurs. / My thesis project focuses on the challenges of modernizing the justice system. The reason for this choice is that Senegal, after having originally set up a dual system of juridiction in 1960, made major reforms of its judicial organization in 1984,1992, 2008 and ultimately in 2015. Meanwhile,the country signed the Port Louis Treaty establishing the OHADA which set up a common Court of Justice and Arbitration, a Judicial Academy and led to adoption of 10 uniform acts that govern the business law in the 17 member states. Senegal was the first country sign the treaty of Rome establishing the International Crininal Court and after receiving a mandate from the African Union to try the former President of Tchad Mister Hussein HABRE, created the Extraordinary African chambers in its institutional system. The implementation of all these reforms has certainly yielded significant results but major contraints still remain. My study therefore aims to present a judicial system that as become more complex throughout its various reforms, and rise up to international standard hence the need to change paradigms in order to achieve performance that give satisfaction to litigants, citizens and investors.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / This dissertation examines the role of local oral and written sources in understanding belief and practice among followers of the Muridiyya Sufi order of Senegal. To date, scholarship on Muridiyya has tended to look to political and economic dimensions of the movement to explain its historical emergence and continuity. Works which have taken into account the movement's pedagogy and values have often focused on their economic and political implications. The present work examines discourses generated by Murid voices, mainly in the local language ofWolof. It addresses several key issues surrounding Murid identities, including how Murids envision their relationship to the founder, Ahmadu Bamba Mba.kke, how they envision their individual roles within society, and how they historicize themselves. Chapter One frames the discussion within a larger context of local Islamic discourses in sub-Saharan Africa. It reviews Ajami literary traditions (African language sources written in modified Arabic script) from Islamized Africa to shed light on important local perspectives. Chapter Two presents the sources used in the study. These include Wolof Ajami texts (Wolofal), oral data, and Arabophone and Europhone sources. The first set includes poetry composed by authors close to the movement's founder, works by contemporary Murid scholars, and published compilations of oral traditions attributed to Ahmadu Bamba. The second set includes oral interviews and recordings of Murid historians, educators, and disciples: The last set of data includes official Murid hagiographies, Bamba's own devotional poetry, and Western scholarly sources. The remaining chapters provide an analysis of these internal sources. They examine prominent themes as they appear through subjects such as history, education, ethics, the role of spiritual guides, and Bamba's sainthood in Murid discourses. The data presented offer a new perspective, grounded in local narratives, of this dynamic West African Sufi movement. The study presents several key fmdings. First, the analysis ties Murid knowledge systems to both local historical and cultural contexts, and to wider traditions of Islamic mysticism. Second, it demonstrates the marginal role assigned to colonial authority in Murid internal narratives. Finally, it uncovers the continuing overt and mystical significance of Bamba's work in the lives of his followers.

This dissertation examines border security practices in West Africa, with emphasis on the effects of practices of international intervention. The dissertation advances an understanding of borders as institutional spaces, eschewing a view of borders as geographical features alone. It leverages this view of borders to examine the everyday practices of border control, focusing in particular on the security professionals who cooperate and compete over the meaning and enactment of border security. The dissertation draws from ethnographic fieldwork in Senegal and Mauritania to advance three case studies. First, it examines Spanish police cooperation with Senegal and Mauritania on the prevention of irregular migration by sea and land routes. Second, it analyzes Mauritania’s construction of new border posts in response to migration and terrorism. Third, it looks into the adoption of biometric identification at airports and in official documents in Senegal and Mauritania. In each of these cases, the dissertation argues, everyday border security practices are framed in terms of capacity, with border control taking on the practical characteristics of statebuilding. This dissertation makes three key contributions to knowledge. First, by focusing on the quotidian social and technical aspects of borders, it provides a view into the concrete knowledge practices and organizational politics that drive border control, even if they are of complex causality. Second, this dissertation contributes to security studies a theorization of the movement of security practices and understandings between global contexts. Third, by relying on fieldwork in closed and rarely accessible contexts, it provides a view into the functioning and social relations of West African fields of security. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This dissertation examines efforts to boost border security in Senegal and Mauritania—two states on the Atlantic coast of West Africa—with emphasis on the international cooperation and knowledge transmission that emerges as part of these efforts. The dissertation argues that borders are not only lines on a map, but institutions in which security professionals compete and cooperate over questions such as who should carry out border control and how. It also argues that with security framed as a question of development and state capacity, securing borders becomes a question of statebuilding. To show this, the dissertation draws on data from interviews in law enforcement and national security agencies, embassies, and international organizations to provide a mapping of actors in the field of border security and their relations. Its empirical cases focus on joint migration patrols, border post construction, and the use of biometric identification