Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation presents a circuit-based design technique that leads to benefits in terms of the physical size, manufacturability, and exibility in the design of N-way conical line power combiners. An equivalent circuit model for the peripheral input ports of conical line power combiners is extracted, as well as empirical equations that allow the circuit element values to be calculated directly from the physical dimensions of the combiner, and vice versa. This allows for rapid optimization of various dimensions of the combiner at a significantly reduced computational cost compared to full-wave simulations. A design procedure is presented and a conical combiner designed with a measured reflection coefficient of better than -18 dB over a 46 % bandwidth around 10 GHz. The designed prototype is much smaller compared to previous designs while exhibiting similar performance. Design procedures for single-section and multi-section impedance tapered conical to coaxial line transitions are also presented, which can be used to simplify the design of conical combiners and reduce the manufacturing effort. Two combiners are designed, one with a single-section and one with a multi-section transition, and output port reflection coefficients of -23 dB and -17 dB over bandwidths of 20 % and 43 % around 10 GHz are measured, respectively. This dissertation additionally presents a method that can be used in general to improve the input port isolation of N-way power combiners without affecting their reciprocity. A simple S-parameter proof is presented, followed by a derivation of equations that can be used to estimate the worst-case performance. Some design examples are presented, showing that terminations can be used for isolation loads. A prototype based on microstrip transmission lines is manufactured and a much improved input port reflection and isolation performance of -15 dB and 20 dB is measured, respectively, compared to a simulated input port reflection coefficient of -2:5 dB and isolation of 2:5 dB before the method was applied. ii / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif stel 'n stroombaangebaseerde ontwerpsmetode voor wat lei tot voordele in terme van die fisiese grootte, vervaardigbaarheid, en vryheid in die ontwerp van koniese lyn kombineerders. 'n Ekwivalente stroombaanmodel vir die voerpoorte word onttrek, asook empiriese vergelykings wat gebruik kan word om die stroombaanelement waardes vanaf die afmetings van die kombineerder te bepaal. Dit laat die ontwerper toe om verskeie afmetings van die kombineerder te optimeer teen 'n beduidende laer koste in vergelyking met volgolf simulasies. 'n Ontwerpsprosedure word voorgestel en gebruik om 'n koniese kombineerder te ontwerp en 'n weerkaatskoëffisient van beter as -18 dB met 'n bandwydte van 46 % om 10 GHz word gemeet. Die prototipe is aansienlik kleiner as vorige ontwerpe, maar toon soortgelyke werkverrigting. Ontwerpsprosedures vir enkel en veelvoudige deel koniese na koaksiale lyn oorgange word ook voorgestel, wat gebruik kan word om die ontwerp en vervaardiging van koniese kombineerders te vereenvoudig. Twee kombineerders word ontwerp, een met 'n enkel deel oorgang en een met veelvoudige dele, en onderskeidelike uittree weerkaatskoëffisiente van -23 dB en -17 dB oor bandwydtes van 20 % en 43 % word gemeet. Hierdie proefskrif stel ook 'n metode voor wat gebruik kan word om die intree poort isolasie van N-rigting kombineerders in die algemeen te verbeter, sonder om die wederkerigheid daarvan te beïnvloed. 'n Bewys van die metode word gelewer, gevolg deur 'n afleiding van vergelykings wat gebruik kan word om die slegste-geval werkverrigting af te skat. Verskillende voorbeelde van kombineerders word getoon waarop die metode toegepas is, en wys dat terminasies gebruik kan word vir die isolasie laste. 'n Prototipe gebaseer op mikrostrook transmissielyne word vervaardig en 'n verbeterde intreepoort weerkaatskoëffisient en isolasie van onderskeidelik -15 dB en 20 dB word gemeet, in vergelyking met 'n weerkaatskoëffisient van -2:5 dB en isolasie van 2:5 dB voordat die metode toegepas is.

This research was originally conceived under the auspices of the UK Government's Foresight Initiative, which aimed to translate the significant body of process tomography knowledge, residing in various British universities, towards applications of generic benefit to industry. In collaboration with the sponsoring life science company, Zeneca Ltd, a number of potential demonstrator projects were identified. Ultimately on-line imaging within pressure filtration was selected by virtue of its direct and broad benefit to the chemical sector and the opportunity to extrapolate the techniques developed towards other batch production processes. The research programme is centred around three empirical studies. These progress from an initial phase, where the early laboratory instrumentation was exposed to a constrained set of filtration conditions, through to the installation of a novel prototype industrial tomography system on to an existing large scale production unit, which was fabricated from an electrically conducting alloy and located in a potentially flammable atmosphere. During the course of these investigations electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was identified as the most viable modality for this class of application. The challenges associated with transferring the EIT technology into the manufacturing environment were addressed by taking advantage of the lenient frame rates acceptable within chemical batch monitoring to develop an instrument structure which was intrinsically safe, suitable for use with earthed metal vessels, tolerant to chemically aggressive media and amenable to three-dimensional image reconstruction via irregular, process compliant, electrode architectures. In the subject production filter a planar sensor array was exploited to provide a relatively uniform electrical field distribution within the process material, whilst not adversely affecting the normal operation of the plant item.

Τα τελευταία χρόνια έχει παρουσιαστεί μία τηλεπικοινωνιακή τεχνολογία υλοποίησης δικτύων η οποία μας επιτρέπει την μεταφορά τηλεπικοινωνιακού σήματος προς και από τους συνδρομητές χρησιμοποιώντας το υφιστάμενο δίκτυο διανομής της ηλεκτρικής ισχύος. Η τεχνολογία αυτή είναι η “BPL” ή “Broadband over Power line” και είναι το κύριο θέμα της εργασίας αυτής. Αρχικά θα παρουσιάσουμε τις τηλεπικοινωνιακές υπηρεσίες που μπορούν να προσφέρονται μέσω των “BPL” δικτύων τόσο για τους καταναλωτές/συνδρομητές, αλλά και προς του ίδιους τους παρόχους και διαχειριστές του δικτύου. Μία νέα γενιά έξυπνων δικτύων γεννιέται και είναι πολλά υποσχόμενη σε ποικίλους τομείς. Στη συνέχεια θα μελετήσουμε τα δίκτυα αυτά από πλευράς τοπολογίας υλοποίησης τους αναφέροντας τρείς τρόπους με τους οποίους αυτό μπορεί να γίνει εφικτό. Θα παρουσιάσουμε επίσης τα βασικά στοιχεία του εξοπλισμού, τις προδιαγραφές αυτών των δικτύων καθώς επίσης και τις παρεμβολές που μπορεί να παρουσιαστούν μαζί με την ηλεκτρομαγνητική συμβατότητα των συστημάτων αυτών. Συνεχίζοντας θα μελετήσουμε με περισσότερη λεπτομέρεια την υλοποίηση των “BPL” δικτύων, αναφέροντας τις τεχνικές διαμόρφωσης σήματος, την διαχείριση σφαλμάτων, την λειτουργία του “BPL” “MAC” στρώματος, αλλά την οικογένεια ασύρματης διαμόρφωσης τηλεπικοινωνιακών σημάτων 802.11x. Λόγω του ότι η τεχνολογία “BPL” προορίζεται για χρήση σε ηλεκτρικά δίκτυα ανά το παγκόσμιο στην εργασία αυτή θα παρουσιάσουμε επίσης τα διεθνής πρότυπα και τα κριτήρια περί ηλεκτρομαγνητικής συμβατότητας αυτού του τύπου τηλεπικοινωνιακών δικτύων. Προχωρώντας παρουσιάζεται η συμπεριφορά των βασικών διατάξεων ενός δικτύου διανομής ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας όταν λειτουργούν σε υψηλές συχνότητες. Μελετώνται βασικές διατάξεις ηλεκτρικών κινητήρων, αντιστροφείς, πυκνωτές, διατάξεις γειωτών πλέγματος και μετασχηματιστών ισχύος. Η αναφορά αυτή κρίνεται απαραίτητη αφού τα “BPL” δίκτυα τα οποία μελετούμε λειτουργούν σε τέτοιες υψηλές συχνότητες. Στο “Κεφάλαιο 6” θα δούμε το “BPL” δίκτυο στο μέλλον παρουσιάζοντας στατιστικά δεδομένα τα οποία επιβεβαιώνουν την όλο και αυξανόμενη ανάγκη των σύγχρονων ανθρώπων για πρόσβαση στο διαδίκτυο, αλλά και το γεγονός ότι η αξιοποίηση των υφιστάμενων ηλεκτρικών δικτύων αποτελεί ίσως την πλέον συμφέρουσα λύση. Τελειώνοντας την εργασία θα παρουσιάσουμε την υλοποίηση “GPON-BPL” με στοιχεία και εξοπλισμό από την εταιρία “Corinex” και θα παρουσιάσουμε την θεωρητική υλοποίηση των τριών τοπολογιών “BPL” δικτύου που έχουμε αναφέρει σε προηγούμενο κεφάλαιο. Η υλοποίηση γίνεται με βάση τον σταθμό Υψηλής/Μέσης τάσης της Κοκκινοτριμιθιάς της επαρχίας Λευκωσίας στην Κύπρο και γίνεται σύγκριση των τριών αρχιτεκτονικών από πλευράς κόστους υλοποίησης και ταχύτητας δικτύου που παρέχεται στους συνδρομητές του. Τελικά γίνεται μια σύγκριση των δικών μας αποτελεσμάτων με παρόμοια εργασία που έγινε για το νομό της Λακωνίας στην Ελλάδα / In recent years has presented a telecommunication network implementation technology which allows us to transfer telecommunication signals to and from subscribers using the existing distribution network of electric power. This technology is the "BPL" or "Broadband over Power line" and is the main topic of this work. Initially we present the telecommunications services may be offered through the "BPL" networks to consumers / subscribers, but also to the same providers and network administrators. A new generation of intelligent networks is born and is promising in various fields. Then we will study these networks in terms of their implementation topology indicating three ways in which this can be feasible. We also present the basics of the equipment, the specifications of these networks as well as the interference that can occur with the electromagnetic compatibility of these systems. Continuing we will study in more detail the implementation of "BPL" networks, indicating the signal modulation techniques, management errors, the function of "BPL" "MAC" layer, but the family configuration wireless telecommunications signals 802.11x. Because the technology "BPL" intended for use on electrical networks worldwide in this paper will also present the international standards and criteria EMC this type of telecommunication networks. Moving shows the behavior of the main provisions of a power distribution network when operating at high frequencies. Discuss basic provisions of electric motors, inverters, capacitors, earthing grid devices and power transformers. This reference is necessary as the "BPL" networks that we study operate at such high frequencies. In "Chapter 6" will see the "BPL" network in the future by presenting statistical data confirm the ever growing need of modern people to access the internet, but the fact that the use of existing electrical networks is perhaps the most advantageous solution . Finishing the job will present the implementation "GPON-BPL" to data and equipment from the company "Corinex" and will present the theoretical implementation of the three topologies "BPL" network we have mentioned in the previous chapter. The implementation is based on the station high / medium voltage Kokkinotrimithia of Nicosia in Cyprus and compares the three architectures in terms of implementation cost and speed network provided to its subscribers. Finally a comparison of our results with similar work done for the county of Laconia in Greece

ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper describes the development and test results of a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) L-Band radar testbed designed to detect obstacles in the proximity of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). From laboratory loopback tests, it was calculated that with pulse compression and a transmit power of 150 mW (22 dBm), the radar is capable of detecting an object with a 0.014-m2 radar cross-sectional area at ranges between 500 ft to 1 mi. Analysis shows that post processing of the collected data would reveal information about the obstacle such as its range and location relative to the aircraft. Design and testing procedures are discussed.

The well-known CAPM (capital asset pricing model) model in finance states that return is a function of risk. The more risky a stock is, the higher the return is expected to be. One way of modeling this relationship between stock return and stock risk is with the Security Market Line. The Security Market Line is the regression line between the returns of stocks in the market and their risks, as measured by the Beta Coefficient. However, in our empirical research, this model does not fit as well as it should. This report uses historical data to examine when this financial theory does not fit the historical data and the possible factors that might affect the validity of this model from a statistical perspective. / text

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur HSBs värderingar skapar värde för HSBs intressenter. För att undersöka detta har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ metod. Denna grundar sig i en syn på verkligheten som social konstruktion och en hermeneutisk, tolkande, syn på kunskap. Undersökningen är gjord vid HSB Centrala Värmland i Karlstad.</p><p>Företag söker ständigt nya sätt att skapa värde. Värde anses idag vara något som skapas tillsammans, genom relationer och att enbart fokusera på ägare och att göra vinst är således inte längre tillräckligt. Ett företag måste ta hänsyn till samtliga av sina intressenter och lära sig vad som skapar värde för dem. På senare tid är det intresset för sociala, etiska och miljömässiga värderingar ökat. Begrepp som socialt ansvar och hållbarhet blir allt viktigare och dessa aktiviteter verkar kunna styras precis som andra system inom ett företag. Värderingar kan vidare vara drivande faktorer i förbättringsprocesser vad gäller tjänstekvalitet, så kallad värderingsbaserad tjänstekvalitet för hållbara affärer.</p><p>Slutsatsen av undersökningen är att HSBs värderingar, engagemang, trygghet, hållbarhet, omtanke och samverkan, ETHOS, skapar värde för HSBs intressenter och särskiljer HSB från andra företag på marknaden genom att de genomsyrar hela HSBs verksamhet och kan kopplas till allt HSB gör. Avgörande i denna process är framför allt den interna kommunikationen. HSBs medarbetare definierar värderingarna, ETHOS, som sina egna och agerar enligt dem vilket, som ovan nämnt, ger värderingarna innehåll. Genom att lyssna på sina intressenter, och ge dem vad de vill ha och förväntar sig, driver och förbättrar värderingarna tjänstekvaliteten. HSB som är en kooperativ organisation har en större möjlighet att komma nära sina intressenter och därmed att förstå vilka värderingar dessa har, än andra privat- eller aktieägdaföretag, vilket måste anses som en fördel.</p>

En este trabajo se analiza la elección de lengua de encuentros de servicio (inglés y español). Las herramientas metodológicas empleadas son tres: una observación de carácter etnográfico, una tarea controlada y un experimento de percepción visual en línea. La hipótesis central es que el fenotipo étnico juega un papel importante en la elección de lengua en encuentros de servicio que se llevan a cabo por primera vez. El lugar en donde se realizó la investigación es un panadería ubicada en el centro este de la ciudad de Tucson, Arizona.En el primer componente metodológico es la observación etnográfica, donde se analizaron las interacciones de las trabajadoras con los distintos clientes que frecuentaron el lugar. El análisis se centró en cuatro aspectos: (i) la expresión de identidad y membresía de grupo mediante el uso de los pronombres nosotros y nuestro, (ii) el traslado de roles domésticos en las dinámicas de interacción de las parejas latinas, (iii) la existencia de una co-membresía expresada a través de la realización de las pequeñas charlas y (iv) el valor simbólico del español en este establecimiento.Seguidamente, se realizó un experimento de percepción visual, cuyo objetivo fue decidir sobre la etnicidad de los 21 clientes que acudieron a la panadería y las trabajadoras del lugar. Dentro de los resultados se obtuvo un juicio de etnicidad para cada participante. De la misma forma, se observa que el grupo de los jueces bilingües sobresale dado que es el único grupo que presentan un 100% de acuerdo en cuanto a la asignación de etnicidad de una imagen dada. Por otra parte, los jueces bilingües y los monolingües (con una tendencia menos fuerte), conforme más tiempo vivan en la comunidad, mayor será el tiempo de respuesta. Los resultados anteriores ilustran el hecho de que vivir en la comunidad y convivir cotidianamente con ambos tipos de fenotipo hace a los hablantes más conscientes de las sutilezas que deben ser consideradas al momento de evaluar fenotipicamente a un interlocutor.Finalmente se analiza la tarea controlada, en la cual se reclutaron a 21 participantes para que acudieran a la panadería y actuaran como clientes. El análisis consiste en la correlación de distintos aspectos de la interacción tales como aspectos sociodemográficos. Dentro de los resultados destaca que el fenotipo étnico no es un factor de importancia cuando las trabajadoras abren el encuentro de servicio; éste no tiene gran influencia en su elección de lengua, ellas siempre abren el encuentro mercantil en español sin importar la etnicidad del interlocutor. No obstante, cuando los clientes abren el intercambio comunicativo ellos tienen la opción de hacerlo en inglés o en español y para aquellos que pueden hacerlo en español la elección de lengua es por defecto el español. Asimismo, se destaca que la influencia del contexto en el que sucede la elección de lengua es un espacio ideológico que brinda un valor simbólico al español.

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Course: FOA214 Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration, 15 ECTS University: Mälardalens University School of Business, Society and Engineering Date: 2014, June 2nd Authors: Enkhluun Enkhmandakh, Cimin Ghaffari and Junyao Song Tutor: Zarina Osmonalieva Examiner: Eva Maaninen-Olsson Keywords: Hotel industry, service, internal marketing, front line employee, job satisfaction, Scandic Hotel. Research Question: How does Scandic Hotel in Västerås influence front line employee job satisfaction through internal marketing activities? Purpose of Research: The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze how hotels can influence front line employee job satisfaction through internal marketing. This thesis is useful for organizations in the hotel industry to gain a deeper understanding of the connection between internal marketing and job satisfaction as well as the outcome of job satisfaction. Method: This descriptive case study has used a deductive strategy. A qualitative approach was applied to collect the empirical data through interviews with the General Manager of Scandic Hotel in Västerås. Both primary and secondary data have been gathered to achieve the purpose. Within-case analysis was used to analyze the collected data. Conclusion: It was discovered that Scandic Hotel in Västerås acknowledges the importance of front line employee job satisfaction and is able to influence it through internal marketing activities. Through analyzing the theories and the empirical data two differences were found. It is believed that the result can be generalized to others in the hotel industry. The thesis also noticed a link between the four components of internal marketing and the five dimensions of job satisfaction.

This study explores borderlands as a function of the imposition of the post-colonial state upon primary structures of identity, polity and social organisation which may be sub-state, national or trans-state in nature. This imposition, particularly in the postcolonial experience of Asia, manifests itself in incongruence between identities of nation and state, between authority and legitimacy, and between beliefs and systems, each of which is most acutely demonstrated in the dynamic borderlands where the competition for influence between non-state and state centres of political gravity is played out. The instability in borderlands is a product of the re-territorialisation of pre-state primary structures, and the state's efforts in accommodating, assimilating or suppressing these structures through a combination of militarisation, providing opportunities for greater political enfranchisement, and the structure of trans-borderland economic flows. The Pashtun tribes of the Afghan borderland between Pakistan and Afghanistan are exhibiting a resurgence of autonomy from the state, as part of the re-territorialisation of the primary substructure of Pakhtunkhwa that underlies southern Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan. This phenomenon is localised, tribally driven, and replicated across the entirety of Pakhtunkhwa. It is a product of the pashtunwali mandated autonomy of zai from which every kor, killi and khel derives its security, and through the protection of which each is able to raise its nang, and is able to realise its position within the larger clan or tribe. Other examples of competition between postcolonial states and primary structures are the Kurdish experience in south-eastern Turkey and the experience of the Arab state. While manifesting significant peculiarities, all three cases - the Kurds, the Arabs and the Pashtuns - demonstrate that the current configuration of the postcolonial state system in Asia is a fragile construction, imposed upon enduring, pre-state primary structures which are resurgent through competition with the state.