Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:59:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 soraya.pdf: 687779 bytes, checksum: 3d60f9e9117c6893c806ceeb0f26c867 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-25 / A ruptura dos laços entre mães e filhos é muitas vezes conseqüência oculta nas sentenças judiciais que condenam cada vez maior número de mulheres a pena privativa de liberdade em nosso país. A aplicação de tais penas culmina em reflexos que atingem a mulher reclusa, sua família, filhos e a sociedade, daí a importância de suprir lacunas e buscar dados que contribuam para a compreensão do fenômeno e para uma intervenção mais profícua num futuro próximo. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa enveredou pelo desafio de transitar na área de interface entre Psicologia e Justiça, enfocando o objetivo geral de compreender como as mulheres reclusas em estabelecimento penal no Estado do Amazonas entendem o conceito de maternidade, buscando analisar como se apresentam os vínculos com os filhos, no interior do cárcere; e identificar como a maternidade pode repercutir na vivência das mulheres no sistema prisional. Trata-se, pois, de pesquisa fundamentada em abordagem qualitativa, onde participaram 10 (dez) mães que cumprem pena privativa de liberdade, no Estado do Amazonas. Para coleta de dados recorreu-se à análise de documentos e entrevista semi-estruturada. Com amparo na abordagem da Psicologia Sócio-histórica, foi realizado o estudo do material levantado, a partir da Análise dos Núcleos de Significação. Os resultados encontrados apontam que os caminhos da vivência da maternidade em contexto prisional perpassam os descaminhos do Poder Público, que falha em garantir acesso a direitos fundamentais, como educação, saúde e trabalho, perpetuando um ciclo de exclusão social. No interior do cárcere, o exercício da maternidade prossegue com a preocupação com o bem-estar e sustento dos filhos, mas agora acrescido de sentimentos de culpa, vergonha e tristeza por estarem presas. O sonho da liberdade para muitas mulheres apresenta contornos de retomada de antigo pesadelo: como sustentar os filhos depois que cumprirem suas penas e não mais receberem pelo trabalho que executam na prisão? É preciso cuidar, sob pena de violarmos importante compromisso social, para que o discurso científico não colabore para ocultar as desigualdades sociais. Problematizar a realidade nacional e produzir pesquisas que favoreçam seu entendimento é desafio que devemos abraçar para a consecução de políticas públicas mais profícuas e que possam romper os grilhões que nos aprisionam ao processo histórico de exclusão social.

A number of literature have analyzed the effect of harsh punitive laws on crime rates in the United States. This study aims to investigate the effect of specific U.S. federal drug policies on the rates of recidivism for nonviolent drug crimes during the years 1997 through 2009. I use data from a probation survey from the Bureau of Labor Statistics that is specifically comprised of America’s youth criminal population. I measure recidivism of nonviolent drug crime through re-arrest due to selling drugs using a few different metrics including a multivariate regression model using economic and social indicators as the explanatory variables and a discrete time hazard model. I find that U.S. federal drug policy increases the probability of recidivism during these years due to an upward trend of recidivism rates.

This thesis uses approaches adapted from narrative analysis to provide a detailed examination of the two CBC Fifth Estate documentaries on the case of Ashley Smith (Behind the Wall, 2010; Out of Control, 2010). In particular, it considers how different voices and pieces of evidence are brought together to construct coherent documentary narratives and contextualizes these narratives within broader feminist criminological discourse. This project develops the concepts of ‘internal’ and ‘external’ coherence and considers how attempts to maintain coherence influence the way the Smith case is presented in the documentaries. Drawing on Foucault’s (1976) discussion of subjugated knowledge, this project explores how the process of creating a coherent narrative necessitates the subjugation of controversial knowledge. By juxtaposing the arguments in the documentaries against those of feminist criminology, the findings reveal how attempts to formulate a critique of Canadian prisons that appeals to a national audience subjugates feminist critique.

Studies on health and incarceration have extensively demonstrated that incarcerated women have poorer health statuses than non-incarcerated women and than incarcerated men, both as a result of confinement and of the intersection of abuse, poverty, homelessness and addiction that are simultaneously pathways to criminalisation and to poor health. Without denying the reality of disease, physical and mental suffering experienced by women in prison, this thesis conceptualizes the “problem of health in prison” by framing it as a vehicle of and effect of power relations. By studying neoliberal rationalities and technologies that constitute health, poststructuralist scholars have demonstrated how neoliberal subjects are enticed to continuously pursue health and to adhere to the imperative to be healthy. Demonstrating the intersection of neoliberal health governance and penal governance, criminologists have shown how prisons produce the subject of a healthy prisoner, who is a self-regulated woman, freely working towards her rehabilitation. Rather than studying programs, public policies and archives, this thesis innovates by examining the experiences and narratives of the subjects who are being governed and enticed to be “healthy.” Specifically, my research provides a contextualized analysis of how women negotiate and manage their health during incarceration and upon their release from prison. The first article focuses on tensions between this work’s conceptual framework and its methodology, i.e. participatory action research. An emerging literature has been building bridges between poststructuralism and participatory action research, highlighting the latter’s potential for transformative action. Using examples from participatory action research projects with incarcerated or previously incarcerated women, the article discusses how “participation” and “action” can be redefined by using a poststructuralist definition of subjectivity. The second article tackles the issue of how women “do” health in prison. Using three issues—access to health care services, smoking, and the management of body weight—the article explores how participants adopted different embodied subjectivities, which conflicted or aligned with neoliberal governmentality. It describes how, through failure to conform to neoliberal ideals of “health,” mechanisms of self-surveillance and self-regulation are relayed by feelings of guilt, shame, and anxiety, even when incarcerated women attempt to conform to imperatives to be healthy. Finally, the last article focuses on how, upon prison release, participants attempted to “undo” the imprint of penal governance on their bodies and health. Through the exploration of corporal practices, such as taking care of one’s appearance, the use of psychoactive medications, and defecating, the article shows how women attempt to “undo” prison in order to pursue health. Though these two articles focus on different periods of participants’ lives and rely on different yet related concepts—embodied subjectivities and corporal practices—the common thread between the two is to show the attempts by participants to “undo” prison from their embodied selves, and to “do” health as incited by the ethical imperatives to be healthy. The thesis concludes with a discussion about the pursuit of health, and its effects on the populations deemed as “at risk” and “unhealthy.”

abstract: The United States of America incarcerates more people than any other country in the world, with the rate of growth for the imprisonment for women being currently twice that of men. Despite these alarming numbers women are often deemed the forgotten population within the carceral system. Using feminist inquiry within an interpretivist framework, I employ an autoethnographic account to examine my experience as a volunteer educator within the American Prison system. The 'data' within the autoethnography include my thoughts, eventualities, and reflections that are analyzed through an iterative cycle. Due to the creative nature of this thesis, 'data' are represented through a series of concepts, including art, photographs, and shifting narratives that mediate the language between theory and the lived experiences of incarcerated women. The data within this thesis however are not mine alone, they are cogenerated with the women of the Perryville Correctional Facility. Using feminist-based practices the representations of incarcerated women come from the women themselves , thus serving as a method of survival, as a form of activism, and as a tool of healing and justice that is not linked to reform. This thesis serves to simultaneously challenge and contribute to the traditional scholarship surrounding female incarceration by centering the voices of incarcerated women, and in turn serving as a form of liberatory action. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Social Justice and Human Rights 2020

abstract: This study examined whether periods of secure confinement in juvenile detention, jails, and prisons are associated with short- and longer-term increases in adolescent males’ internalizing problems during adolescence and young adulthood. Data came from a longitudinal community sample of 506 male adolescents who were assessed every six months for three years and annually for ten subsequent years. At each assessment, participants reported on their confinement experiences and internalizing problems (i.e., anxiety, depression) during the recall period. Fixed-effects models examined within-individual changes in internalizing problems before, during, and after youth reported any overnight stay in a correctional facility, after controlling for the time-varying confounds of externalizing problem behaviors and previous justice system contact. Additionally, this study tested whether changes in the participants’ internalizing problems varied depending on the confinement facility (i.e., juvenile detention, jail, prison). Overall, results indicated that internalizing problems increased during periods where participants had been confined in a facility. In contrast, there were no changes in internalizing problems in the period prior to confinement and internalizing problems returned to baseline levels in the year following confinement. Facility-specific analyses indicated confinement in prison was associated with the largest increase in internalizing problems. Findings from this study indicate confinement does influence internalizing problems and interventions sensitive to internalizing problems should focus on providing services during confinement and immediate reentry period. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2020

The abuse of a woman’s body had been a normative practice since the recordings of Old Testament narratives. This study is designed to confront the inherent gender bias that contributed to the devaluation and abuse of a female body, especially for women in minority communities. How did such a transgression become acceptable behavior for men, while women are penalized and even harshly judged for being the victim? Once the pattern of abused has been identified, the research will show sexual traumatization detrimentally impacts the overall behavior of the victim, occasionally leading to criminal activities which further exacerbate mental health issues never properly addressed. Women who are violated suffer mentally and emotionally, yet minimal attention is given to a woman to acknowledge and address the impact of the violation. The research consists of a historical autopsy of sexually traumatized women in the biblical narratives, throughout certain periods of slavery and its aftermath and in society in the 21st century. The goal was to determine if common trends are present for women who endured sexual assault. How did they survive, and did they manage to lead a productive life after trauma? It will also examine the failure of society to support victims, by providing a pathway toward healing and wholeness. The research will show that when the biblical narratives are theologically reexamined, the sacred text provides a strategic plan to help any woman recover from any sexual trauma they endured. It will conclude with a vision life workbook to help women begin the difficult work of moving forward after sexual traumatization.

No description available.

Purpose: Transgender (TG) persons are overrepresented in prison settings and in the U.S. veteran population. Health disparities studies of large populations of transgender people involved with the criminal justice system have not been published to date. Methods: We studied a large cohort of TG veterans who received care in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities during 2007-2013 (n = 4,793) and a 3:1 matched control group of veterans without known TG identification (n = 13,625). Three hundred twenty six (n = 138 TG, 188 non-TG) had received VHA services in programs designed to address the needs of justice involved (JI) veterans. We linked patients in each of the three groups to their medical and administrative data. Results: TG veterans were more likely to be justice involved than controls (2.88% vs. 1.38%; P < .0001). Compared to non-TG JI veterans, TG JI veterans were more likely to have a history of homelessness (80% vs. 67%; P < .05) and to have reported sexual trauma while serving in the military (23% vs. 12%; P < .01). Significant health disparities were noted for TG JI veterans for depression, hypertension, obesity, posttraumatic stress disorder, serious mental illness, and suicidal ideation/attempts. Conclusion: These data suggest that TG veterans experience a number of health risks compared to non-TG veterans, including an increased likelihood of justice involvement. TG veterans involved with the criminal justice system are a particularly vulnerable group and services designed to address the health care needs of this population, both while incarcerated and when in the community, should take these findings into account in the development of health screenings and treatment plans.

Introduction and Background The number of incarcerated pregnant women is increasing every day. At the same time, their quality of care is decreasing. From being treated like animals by jail staff to having unqualified staff members instructing them during labor, this has to change. Not only is the safety of the woman at risk, but most importantly her unborn baby. Purpose Statement Incarcerated pregnant women deserve the same healthcare as anyone else. The PICO question addressed in this paper is the following. In incarcerated pregnant women, how does ineffective health maintenance compared with effective health maintenance affect poor outcomes after childbirth? Literature Review CINAHL was used to locate five sources that were published within the last five years. The source had to include the words “childbirth,” “jail,” “prison,” “incarceration,” and “nurse.” If the article did not meet these guidelines they were excluded. One exception to these criteria was one source from 2013. The source was slightly outdated but had valuable data to be explored, so it was included. Findings Incarcerated pregnant women are de-humanized and maltreated every day and nothing is changing. Standards of care have been set in place for organizations, but they are not followed. Evaluation of these organizations and their healthcare is crucial to move forward and better health care for people in incarceration. Conclusions Insufficient research has caused a gap in literature. Limited resources are available to examine an incarcerated pregnant woman’s life and healthcare. Future research is essential to provided adequate care to these women.