Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VLADIMIR.pdf: 920575 bytes, checksum: 3a4d55ab202a62f2b2f52867c9908118 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-14 / Amid the great debate on the future of social protection systems in different countries of the planet at the beginning of this century, much is discussed about the public programs of income transfer. This relatively new sort of policy (some proposals of Minimum Income have existed for some time but they have been considered seriously for just a few years) has been defended at present time by sectors of different ideological conceptions as a possible measure to solve the deadlock over the future of social welfare and social policies. The so-called right-wing defends the adoption of this kind of policy as a compensation residual measure in face of market competition. The left-wing thinkers defend the adoption of financial transfer as part of a wider inclusion policy or even as the beginning of surpassing of the capitalist society. Besides these stated points of view, there is a myriad of other opinions that will be covered in this dissertation. By means of extensive bibliographical revision, the kinds of Income Guarantee Programs are discussed, as well as the intellectual debate and the experiments effectively implemented. I, then, introduce a specific type of income guarantee policy that was in effect during Marta Suplicy s term (2001-2004), the Estratégia Paulistana de Inclusão Social (EPIS). Next, this text gets to the conclusion that it is not only a question of redistributing program but also a program that aims for the emancipation of its beneficiaries both economically and socially vis-à-vis the State; elimination of social exclusion and not just the creation of a salary of exclusion that would coincide with the terrible life conditions. The paper concludes that the various dimensions in which the EPIS interferes happen in the sense of trying to autonomize the ways of the different beneficiaries, businesses, and communities by facing the current macroeconomical context of retraction of economic activity, unemployment, and exclusion. If such policies were implemented in a growth environment, they would probably have their effects magnified; they would not be just measures to make up for the negative macroeconomic environment; they would not be characterized by anti-cyclical policies; instead, they would be characterized by pro-cyclical policies of product expansion / Em meio ao grande debate acerca do futuro dos sistemas de proteção social nos diversos países do planeta, no início deste século, muito é debatido em torno dos programas públicos de transferência de renda (PTR´s). Essa relativamente nova espécie de política (algumas propostas de Renda Mínima existem há mais tempo, mas só começaram a ser encaradas com seriedade há poucos anos) tem sido defendida na atualidade por setores de diferentes concepções ideológicas como possível medida para que se resolva o impasse do futuro da Previdência e das políticas sociais. A chamada direita defende a adoção desse tipo de política como medida residual de compensação, frente à competição do mercado. Já os pensadores de esquerda defendem a adoção de repasses financeiros como parte de uma política de inclusão mais ampla, ou mesmo como o início da superação da sociedade capitalista. Além desses posicionamentos colocados, existe uma miríade de outras opiniões, que serão abordadas na presente dissertação. Através de extensa revisão bibliográfica, são discutidos os tipos de Programas de Garantia de Renda (PGRs), o debate intelectual e as experiências efetivamente implementadas; depois é apresentado um tipo específico de política de garantia de renda que vigorou durante a prefeitura de Marta Suplicy (2001-4), a Estratégia Paulistana de Inclusão Social (EPIS), para chegar à conclusão de que se trata não somente de um programa redistributivo, mas um programa que visa emancipar seus beneficiários econômica e socialmente frente ao Estado; eliminar a exclusão social e não simplesmente criar um salário da exclusão, que conviveria com as péssimas condições de vida. O trabalho conclui que as várias dimensões nas quais o EPIS interfere se dão no sentido de tentar autonomizar os caminhos dos diversos beneficiários, negócios e comunidades, fazendo frente ao presente contexto macroeconômico de retração da atividade econômica, desemprego e exclusão. Se tais políticas fossem implementadas em um ambiente de crescimento, provavelmente teriam seus efeitos magnificados; não seriam apenas medidas para compensar o ambiente macroeconômico negativo; não se caracterizariam por políticas anti-cíclicas, mas sim por políticas pró-cíclicas de expansão do produto

Les distributeurs sont des intermédiaires économiques car ils offrent sur le marché des produits ou services conçus, fabriqués ou exécutés par d’autres (les fournisseurs). Cette recherche démontre que le degré de protection accordé par le droit positif aux différents distributeurs n’est pas corrélé à leur degré de dépendance aux fournisseurs. Les qualifications de la dépendance sont multiples, incertaines, incohérentes et parfois artificiellement restrictives ou extensives, en droit du travail comme en droit économique. Des distributeurs connaissant un même degré de dépendance à leur fournisseur peuvent être traités de façon différente sans justification au regard des fondements des règles considérées. Il existe ainsi des inégalités de traitement. Il est donc proposé un nouveau droit de la dépendance des distributeurs, plus cohérent et égalitaire. Celui-ci se traduirait par un statut légal des distributeurs remplaçant les multiples statuts spéciaux existants, traçant une frontière plus nette avec le droit du travail et conciliant les intérêts des distributeurs avec la liberté des fournisseurs d’organiser la distribution de leurs produits et services. Dépassant la notion trop restrictive de contrat et les conflits de qualification, ce statut viserait la relation de distribution et prévoirait un régime appréhendant la complexité et l’évolutivité de la dépendance des distributeurs grâce à l’information, à une garantie de revenus et différentes indemnités de fin de relation. / Distributors are economic intermediaries because they offer on the market goods and services produced or served by others (the suppliers). This research demonstrates that the degree of protection offered by the Law to the various distributors isn’t correlated with their degree of dependence towards suppliers. The qualifications of dependence are numerous, incoherent and sometimes artificially restrictive or extensive, in labour law as in business law. Distributors experiencing a same degree of dependence towards their supplier can be treated differently without any justification regarding the grounds of the rules in question. Hence, appear inequalities towards the Law. Therefore, new legal rules are suggested. They would take the form of a statute ruling distributors and replacing the numerous statutes in force at the present time. It would draw a clearer line between labour law and business law and conciliate the distributors’ interests with the freedom of suppliers to organize the distribution of their goods and services. Going other the too restrictive notion of contact and the conflicts between qualifications, this statute would rule the relation of distribution and contain rules comprehending the complex and changing nature of dependence. It would ensure sufficient information of distributors and offer them an income guarantee and various compensations when the relation is terminated.