This thesis discusses the legal regulation of an agency contract according to the Act no. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code, with the focus on the comparison of the changes between the legislative frame of the agency contract contained in the Act no. 513/1991 Coll., The Commercial Code, and the legislative frame of the agency contract contained in the Act no. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code. Although the main focus of the thesis lies in description and analysis of the changes, the thesis also examines the practical use of the agency contract, when discussing so called švarcsystém among other things. The aim of the thesis is to describe the changes made by Law no. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code, which were explained by Explanatory Memorandum to the Act. No. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code, and then highlight those changes that this explanatory memorandum did not mention. The thesis is divided into five chapters, whereas the first four chapters describe the changes and any problems that may arise. The final, fifth, chapter labeled as "Additional information relating to the agency contract", differs from the other chapters in that it does not describe the changes in the legal framework but is devoted to practical problems of the use of the agency contract, which according to the author of this work should also...

This thesis discusses the legal regulation of an agency contract according to the Act no. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code, with the focus on the general description of the terms and institutes of agency contract. The work is divided into five chapters, the main objective of this paper is to describe the basic definition of an agency contract. The first chapter described and analyzed the basic characteristics of an agency contract, especially the agent himself, the long-term perception of the agency contract, the definition of the term certain types of transactions, and we have discussed a exclusive and non-exclusive agency contract. The second chapter is focused on the rights and obligations of the parties of the agency contract with a closer focus on the issue of commissions. In chapters 3, 4 and 5, we discussed termination of agency contract, anticompetitive clause and we also mentioned Švarcsystem. Some chapters are for clarity divided into subchapters and the names of the subchapters signify the topic that subchapter is dedicated to. The thesis also refers to the commentary literature and case law relating to legal framework contained in the Act no. 513/1991 Coll., The Commercial Code. In the end the conclusion is drawn about whether the stated objectives have been achieved. Title: Agency Contract...

1 Abstract Business agency contract This diploma thesis deals with the business agency contract which is governed in sections 652 - 672a of the Commercial Code, Act. No. 513/1991 Coll. as amended. Parties are referred as the principal and the commercial agent here. Pursuant to this contract type the commercial agent, as an independent entrepreneur, binds himself to a long-term negotiation of the sale or the purchase of goods on behalf of the principal, or as a direct representative he is authorized to negotiate and conclude such transactions on behalf of and in the name of principal - such a form of business representation requires a procuration. The provisions governing the business agency contract has been harmonized with Council Directive No. 86/653/EEC of 18 December 1986 on the coordination of the laws of the Member States relating to self-employed commercial agents by the Act No. 370/2000 Coll. This work deals with the legal analysis of the business agency contract legislation, its hallmarks, origin of commercial representation, commercial agent negotiation problems, rights and obligations of both parties, commission rules, origin of the right to the commission and its amount and maturity, difference between exclusive and nonexclusive commercial representation, the duration of the contractual...

Diploma thesis deals with the options obtaining of foreign markets, especially by institute of agency. There is also analysis the legislation, both in terms of international, community as well as national law . Great attention is paid to the person of commercial agent, his rights and obligations, as well as the demands on him and his selection criteria. In the conclusion of the thesis are already mentioned cases decided by the Court of Justice of the EU, which relate to issues of agency. The objective of the work is to assess the possible variants acquisition of foreign markets, especially the agency and its comprehensive evaluation including all of its other attributes.

Le recours à l'intermédiation est pour les fabricants et fournisseurs un mode privilégié de commercialisation, favorisant le recours à la représentation commerciale. Cette dernière occupe, notamment, une place prépondérante dans la distribution internationale au travers surtout le mécanisme du mandat et de la commission. Est alors apparu, tant en droit français qu'en droit libanais, la nécessité de protéger celui qui contribue au développement de la clientèle d'autrui. Au Liban, un statut du représentant commercial a ainsi été crée par le décret-loi N. 34/67 sur le modèle français de l'agent commercial. Mais le droit libanais est allé plus loin que son inspirateur puisqu'il a étendu la protection à d'autres que le représentant commercial stricto sensu et, en particulier, le distributeur exclusif unique. L'étude se propose d'analyser le statut libanais de représentant commercial au sens du décret-loi par une mise en perspective avec le droit français. / The use of mediation is the preferred mode of marketing for both manufactures and suppliers resulting in the synthetic use of the commercial representation. The latter occupies a preponderant place in international distribution especially via the mechanism such as mandate and commission. From this grew the need in both French and Lebanese law, to protect the parties who expand the client base on behalf of others parties. In Lebanon, a legal status was created for the sales representative by decree-law N. 34/67 modelled on the french commercial agent. However, lebanese law went further than its source of inspiration by exceeding the legal cover to include parties beyond the sales representative stricto sensu and most significantly, the sole distributor of exclusive product. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal status in Lebanon of the sales representative as understood by the decree-law in comparison with its French legal equivalent.

Commercial Agency Contract The subject of this thesis is the commercial agency contract, as regulated by Sections 2483 to 2520 of Act No 89/2012, the Civil Code, as amended, giving businesses the opportunity not only to net new customers, but also to raise general awareness of their merchandise or services. Under a commercial agency contract, a commercial agent - as an independent business entity - undertakes to engage long term in activities for the other party (the principal) aimed at the sealing of a certain type of deal by the principal or at negotiating deals in the name and on behalf of the principal. Under a commercial agency contract, the principal, for its part, agrees to pay the commercial agent commission for the activities carried out. Against this background, a commercial agency contract gives a business the opportunity to make use of a third party who, unlike an employee, is autonomous yet works with the business and acts in its interests. This thesis intends to deliver a lucid analysis and description of a commercial agency contract from the perspective of current legislation set out in the Civil Code, the enactment of which endowed the concept of commercial agency (compared to the previous provisions on commercial agency set out in Sections 652 to 672a of Act No 513/1991, the...

Née dans un contexte de mondialisation et d’ouverture des économies nationales à la concurrence, l’OHADA a pour principal objectif d’instaurer un climat de confiance propice aux investissements tant nationaux qu’internationaux. Pour atteindre cet objectif, le législateur s’est engagé dans un vaste chantier de modernisation et harmonisation du droit des affaires au sein des États membres. L’un des choix les plus complexes était celui des acteurs et professionnels chargés d’implémenter cette dynamique. Les intermédiaires de commerce ont ainsi été retenus, en lieu et place des auxiliaires de commerce, pour déployer la représentation commerciale au sein des États membres et en dehors des frontières de l’espace de l’OHADA. La présente réflexion, au regard de ce qui précède, a eu pour objectif de rechercher la cohérence entre le statut professionnel des acteurs et le régime juridique de l’activité de représentation commerciale en droit de l’OHADA. Il s’agissait également d’évaluer le degré de pertinence du dispositif juridique mis en place pour encadrer la profession d’intermédiaire de commerce. La diversité qui caractérise cette catégorie professionnelle dans la pratique imposait une démarche globale et prudente pour parvenir à la reconnaissance juridique de la catégorie professionnelle d’intermédiaire de commerce en droit de l’OHADA. Le contrat d’intermédiaire de commerce, bien que simplement annoncé, préconise d’importantes solutions théoriques et pratiques pour y parvenir. Dans ce contexte, la profession d’intermédiaire de commerce en droit de l’OHADA mérite d’être repensée. En effet, le foisonnement des statuts particuliers autour de la notion d’intermédiaire a contribué au renforcement de l’opacité de cette catégorie professionnelle. Il n’est pas toujours aisé de faire la distinction entre mandat, représentation, courtage, commission ou même agence commerciale. Ces notions renvoient à des réalités diverses, chacune se défendant une spécificité que la doctrine et la jurisprudence ont parfois contribué à renforcer. Et c’est pour démêler l’écheveau que nous avons suggéré quelques propositions. / Born within the context of modernisation and of exposing national economies to competition, OHADA has as principal objective to put in place a climate of confidence favourable to national as well as international investments. To attain this objective, the legislator has engaged in a vast domain of modernisation and harmonisation of business law within the member states. One of the most complex choices was that of actors and professionals in charge of putting in place this dynamic. Trade middlemen were thus retained, in the place of auxiliaries of commerce, to carry out commercial representation within the member states and beyond the frontiers of OHADA zone. This reflection, with regard to the preceding, has as objective to search for coherence between the professional status of actors and the legal regime of the activity of commercial representation in OHADA law. It equally had to evaluate the degree of pertinence of the legal device put in place to regulate the profession of business middlemen. The diversity which characterises this professional category in practice imposed a global and prudent step to arrive at the legal recognition of the professional category of trade middlemen in OHADA law. The contract of a business middleman, even as simple as it is, recommends many theoretical and practical solutions to arrive at it.Within this context, the profession of business middleman in OHADA law needs to be rethought. In effect, the abundant special status surrounding the notion of middleman has contributed to reinforce the opacity of this professional category. It is not always easy to make a distinction between a mandate, representation, brokerage, commission or even commercial agency. These notions are actually diverse, each having its specificity that legal literature and case law have contributed to reinforce. And it is to clear up these interlaces that we made some proposals.

Les distributeurs sont des intermédiaires économiques car ils offrent sur le marché des produits ou services conçus, fabriqués ou exécutés par d’autres (les fournisseurs). Cette recherche démontre que le degré de protection accordé par le droit positif aux différents distributeurs n’est pas corrélé à leur degré de dépendance aux fournisseurs. Les qualifications de la dépendance sont multiples, incertaines, incohérentes et parfois artificiellement restrictives ou extensives, en droit du travail comme en droit économique. Des distributeurs connaissant un même degré de dépendance à leur fournisseur peuvent être traités de façon différente sans justification au regard des fondements des règles considérées. Il existe ainsi des inégalités de traitement. Il est donc proposé un nouveau droit de la dépendance des distributeurs, plus cohérent et égalitaire. Celui-ci se traduirait par un statut légal des distributeurs remplaçant les multiples statuts spéciaux existants, traçant une frontière plus nette avec le droit du travail et conciliant les intérêts des distributeurs avec la liberté des fournisseurs d’organiser la distribution de leurs produits et services. Dépassant la notion trop restrictive de contrat et les conflits de qualification, ce statut viserait la relation de distribution et prévoirait un régime appréhendant la complexité et l’évolutivité de la dépendance des distributeurs grâce à l’information, à une garantie de revenus et différentes indemnités de fin de relation. / Distributors are economic intermediaries because they offer on the market goods and services produced or served by others (the suppliers). This research demonstrates that the degree of protection offered by the Law to the various distributors isn’t correlated with their degree of dependence towards suppliers. The qualifications of dependence are numerous, incoherent and sometimes artificially restrictive or extensive, in labour law as in business law. Distributors experiencing a same degree of dependence towards their supplier can be treated differently without any justification regarding the grounds of the rules in question. Hence, appear inequalities towards the Law. Therefore, new legal rules are suggested. They would take the form of a statute ruling distributors and replacing the numerous statutes in force at the present time. It would draw a clearer line between labour law and business law and conciliate the distributors’ interests with the freedom of suppliers to organize the distribution of their goods and services. Going other the too restrictive notion of contact and the conflicts between qualifications, this statute would rule the relation of distribution and contain rules comprehending the complex and changing nature of dependence. It would ensure sufficient information of distributors and offer them an income guarantee and various compensations when the relation is terminated.