Objetivos: Determinar quais características ultrassonográficas obtidas por meio da ultrassonografia transvaginal bidimensional (USG TV 2D) e da ultrassonografia transvaginal tridimensional (USG TV 3D) associam-se ao parto prematuro em gestantes submetidas à cerclagem profilática e terapêutica. Métodos: Sessenta e seis gestações únicas, submetidas a cerclagem profilática ou terapêutica, e acompanhadas no ambulatório de Aborto Habitual da Clínica Obstétrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), entre 1 de junho de 2012 e 30 de outubro de 2015, foram avaliadas longitudinalmente, por meio da USG TV 2D e USG TV 3D associado ao power Doppler, nos três trimestres da gestação. Na análise dos resultados, as gestantes foram primeiramente avaliadas longitudinalmente nos três trimestres da gestação. Depois, foram classificadas de acordo com a idade gestacional de parto (IG parto) = 34 semanas. As gestantes também foram avaliadas considerando-se a IG parto como uma variável contínua. Resultados: Na avaliação longitudinal, o comprimento do colo uterino (CC) e a distância do ponto de cerclagem ao orifício cervical interno (POI) diminuíram significativamente entre o segundo e o terceiro trimestres (32,6 vs 28,3 mm; p < 0,001 e 14,3 vs 10,7 mm; p=0,001, respectivamente) enquanto a largura do afunilamento cervical aumentou significativamente no mesmo período (13,6 vs 20,7 mm; p= 0,011). Dez gestantes (15,2%) tiveram idade gestacional de parto < 34 semanas. O CC, a POI e a presença do afunilamento cervical, avaliados no terceiro trimestre da gestação, tiveram relação significativa com a IG parto < 34 semanas (16,27 mm, p= 0,009; zero, p= 0,003; 66,67%, p= 0,041, respectivamente). O CC < 28,1 mm, p= 0,0083, o volume do colo uterino (VOL) < 18,17 cm3, p= 0,0152, a POI < 10 mm, p= 0,0151, e os índices vasculares do colo uterino, FI < 33,83, p= 0,0338, VI < 2,153%, p= 0,0044, e VFI < 0,961, p= 0,0059 avaliados no segundo trimestre tiveram relação significativa com idades gestacionais de parto mais precoces, assim como, o CC < 20,4 mm, p= 0,0009, o VOL >= 47,48 cm3, p= 0,0107, FI < 44,336, p= 0,0038, VI>= 0,54 %, p= 0,0327 e o VFI >= 2,275, p= 0,0479 avaliados no terceiro trimestre. Nos modelos de regressão de COX, em que a variável de interesse foi o tempo até o parto, o VOL no segundo trimestre foi significativo, ao passo que no terceiro trimestre, o FI e o VFI foram significativos. Conclusões: Em gestantes submetidas a cerclagem profilática e terapêutica, o VOL do colo avaliado no segundo trimestre, e o FI e o VFI avaliados no terceiro trimestre foram as únicas variáveis independentes que se relacionaram com o tempo até o parto / Objectives: To determine which cervical sonographic characteristics on twodimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (2DTVUS) and three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (3DTVUS) could be related to gestational age at birth after placement of history-indicated cerclage or ultrasound-indicated cerclage. Methods: Sixty six pregnant women, with a singleton gestation, submitted to history-indicated cerclage or ultrasound-indicated cerclage and followed at the Recurrent Miscarriage Clinic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of São Paulo University Medical School between June 1, 2012 and October 30, 2015, were longitudinaly evaluated by 2DTVUS and 3DTVUS associated to power Doppler, in the three trimesters of pregnancy. For the analysis, pregnant women were, firstly, evaluated longitudinally, in the three trimesters of pregnancy. After that, they were classified according to gestational age (GA) at delivery = 34 weeks. Pregnant women were evaluated considering GA at delivery as a continuous variable already. Results: In the longitudinal evaluation, cervical length (CL) and proximal cervical length decreased between the second and the third trimestrers (32.6 vs 28.3 mm, p < 0.001; 14.3 vs 10.7, p= 0.001, respectivelly), while width of funneling increased at the same period (13.6 vs. 20.7 mm; p = 0.011). Ten pregnant women (15.2%) delivered < 34 weeks. CL, proximal cervical length and present cervical funneling, in the third trimester, were significantly related to GA at delivery < 34 weeks (16.27 mm, p= 0.009; zero, p= 0.003; 66.67%, p= 0.041, respectively). CL < 28.1mm, p=0.0083, cervical volume < 18.17 cm3, p= 0.0152, proximal cervical length < 10 mm, p = 0.0151, and cervical vascularization index, FI < 33.83, p= 0.0338, VI < 2.153 %, p= 0.0044, VFI < 0.961, p = 0.0059, in the second trimester, were related to earlier delivery, as, CL < 20.4 mm, p= 0.0009, cervical volume >= 47.48 cm3, p = 0.0107, FI < 44.336, p: 0.0038, VI >= 0.54, p = 0.0327 and VFI >= 2.275, p= 0.479 in the third trimester. Using COX regression analysis, it was demonstrated that cervical volume in the second trimester, and FI and VFI in the third trimester were significantly associated to gestational age at birth .Conclusions: In women with history-indicated cerclage or ultrasound indicated cerclage, 2nd trimester cervical volume and 3rd trimester FI and VFI are the only indenpendent significant sonographic findings associated whith time to delivery

Three experiments examined how a transgressor’s response, once accused of a wrongdoing, alters other’s perceptions of transgressor. Study 1 investigated how a baseball player’s response to steroid usage accusations affected fans’ perceptions of him. Participants thought of the athlete more positively when he apologized for his drug usage as compared to when he denied it or provided no comment. Study 2 examined if the effects of a transgressor’s response are moderated by the transgressor’s reputation. Participants were predicted to prefer apologies over denials if they had a pre-existing positive view of the transgressor (i.e., the person was a friend and not a stranger or someone known for being lazy). Results showed that, similar to Study 1, participants respected the transgressor and thought he handled the situation better when he apologized instead of denied the transgression, but contrary to predictions, the transgressor’s reputation did not have an effect on participants’ reactions to a transgressor’s responses. Study 3 examined whether feelings of schadenfreude (i.e., positive affect resulting from another’s misfortune) mitigated negative feelings toward a transgressor who denied the transgression. After participants witnessed a transgression, they then had to work with the transgressor on a task. When the transgressor performed the task incompetently, participants were predicted to feel schadenfreude and therefore not feel it was as important to hear the transgressor admit to his wrongdoing. Results indicated that participants felt more negatively toward an incompetent transgressor than one who contributed equally to the task, regardless of whether he denied or apologized for the transgression. Furthermore, contrary to the results of Studies 1 and 2, participants did not have increased positive feelings toward transgressors who apologized. Overall, these studies provide evidence that apologizing and expressing ownership for a transgression is the best method to respond with to facilitate relationship repair within multiple situations.

Homelessness is a socio-pathological phenomenon, caused by the inability of an individual to deal with crisis situations and leading to the lost of relationships but also the material environment. As a result of the above, the social exclusion of the individuals gradually becomes unchangeable. Here, Pěnkava (2013) describes the vertical decline within the social stratification, which brings a deep frustration and in a number of cases leads to resignation on the efforts to deal efficiently with the unfavorable situation. The causes of such collapse are multifactorial and hence, in order to solve them there is cooperation on the level of multidisciplinary teams needed. However, numerous issues are currently being solved by social workers only, who in many cases are forced to replace experts in fields such as law, psychology, pedagogy of leisure time, geriatry or medicine. The central theme of the dissertation is dealing with the possibilities and limitations of people without home in old age living in the Capital City of Prague. Considering the factors of age, the diversity in satisfying their needs and the associated risks involved, is this a specific group of people that is, moreover, at immediate risk to their lives and health. As a consequence, the dignity of these people is being hurt not only...

<p>Local government is arguably the most significant sphere of government to lay citizens, as it is the point of contact of citizens with their government. Local government enables a direct link between the general public and the basic services that they are entitled to by means of their constitutional and legislatively entrenched rights. It is the only sphere of government that allows and encourages face-to-face engagement between citizens and their governors, providing the necessary platform for interaction, contact and communication. It is imperative therefore that this tier of government operate optimally and competently, as it represents a reflection of the operation of government wholly. Research unfortunately illustrates that public perceptions of local government are negative, with levels of trust in local government being substantially lower than those in provincial and national governments. The responsibility for failure to perform would lie squarely on the shoulders of those individuals leading any institution. The leading incumbents driving a municipality are the political and administrative heads, i.e. executive mayor and municipal manager.</p>

<p>Local government is arguably the most significant sphere of government to lay citizens, as it is the point of contact of citizens with their government. Local government enables a direct link between the general public and the basic services that they are entitled to by means of their constitutional and legislatively entrenched rights. It is the only sphere of government that allows and encourages face-to-face engagement between citizens and their governors, providing the necessary platform for interaction, contact and communication. It is imperative therefore that this tier of government operate optimally and competently, as it represents a reflection of the operation of government wholly. Research unfortunately illustrates that public perceptions of local government are negative, with levels of trust in local government being substantially lower than those in provincial and national governments. The responsibility for failure to perform would lie squarely on the shoulders of those individuals leading any institution. The leading incumbents driving a municipality are the political and administrative heads, i.e. executive mayor and municipal manager.</p>

Magister Legum - LLM / Local government is arguably the most significant sphere of government to lay citizens, as it is the point of contact of citizens with their government. Local government enables a direct link between the general public and the basic services that they are entitled to by means of their constitutional and legislatively entrenched rights. It is the only sphere of government that allows and encourages face-to-face engagement between citizens and their governors, providing the necessary platform for interaction, contact and communication. It is imperative therefore that this tier of government operate optimally and competently, as it represents a reflection of the operation of government wholly. Research unfortunately illustrates that public perceptions of local government are negative, with levels of trust in local government being substantially lower than those in provincial and national governments. The responsibility for failure to perform would lie squarely on the shoulders of those individuals leading any institution. The leading incumbents driving a municipality are the political and administrative heads, i.e. executive mayor and municipal manager. / South Africa

This study of contemporary jazz discourse and gender applies the techniques of critical discourse analysis, inspired by M.A.K. Halliday's systemic functional linguistics and Norman Fairclough's qualitative critical discourse analysis, to explicate the unequal distribution of power in society as represented by the institutions of jazz and mass media, in discourse about jazz vocal artists. Specifically, the study focuses on the way the genres of jazz CD review, jazz performance review, and interviews with jazz artists – disseminated via the institutions JazzTimes and Live New Orleans – represent the artists' identities, roles, achievements and skills. Following Norman Fairclough and the feminist scholar Mary Talbot, the study assumes that institutions of mass media not only discursively construct the gender of jazz vocal artists, but also represent the performers' achievement and skills from a hegemonic standpoint, reflecting the commonsense assumptions about women and men and their roles in patriarchal society.