Nesta tese apresentamos o projeto e a implementação do KEMS, um provador de teoremas multi-estratégia baseado no método de tablôs KE. Um provador de teoremas multi-estratégia é um provador de teoremas onde podemos variar as estratégias utilizadas sem modificar o núcleo da implementação. Além de multi-estratégia, o KEMS é capaz de provar teoremas em três sistemas lógicos: lógica clássica proposicional, mbC e mCi. Listamos abaixo algumas das contribuições deste trabalho: * um sistema KE para mbC que é analítico, correto e completo; * um sistema KE para mCi que é correto e completo; * um provador de teoremas multi-estratégia com as seguintes características: - aceita problemas em três sistemas lógicos: lógica clássica proposicional, mbC e mCi; - tem seis estratégias implementadas para lógica clássica proposicional, duas para mbC e duas para mCi; - tem treze ordenadores que são usados em conjunto com as estratégias; - implementa regras simplificadoras para lógica clássica proposicional; - possui uma interface gráfica que permite a visualização de provas; - é de código aberto e está disponível na Internet em http://kems.iv.fapesp.br; * benchmarks obtidos através da comparação das estratégias para lógica clássica proposicional resolvendo várias famílias de problemas; - sete famílias de problemas para avaliar provadores de teoremas paraconsistentes; * os primeiros benchmarks para as famílias de problemas para avaliar provadores de teoremas paraconsistentes. / In this thesis we present the design and implementation of KEMS, a multi-strategy theorem prover based on the KE tableau inference system. A multi-strategy theorem prover is a theorem prover where we can vary the strategy without modifying the core of the implementation. Besides being multi-strategy, KEMS is capable of proving theorems in three logical systems: classical propositional logic, mbC and mCi. We list below some of the contributions of this work: * an analytic, correct and complete KE system for mbC; * a correct and complete KE system for mCi; * a multi-strategy prover with the following characteristics: - accepts problems in three logical systems: classical propositional logic, mbC and mCi; - has 6 implemented strategies for classical propositional logic, 2 for mbC and 2 for mCi; - has 13 sorters to be used alongside with the strategies; - implements simplification rules of classical propositional logic; - provides a proof viewer with a graphical user interface; - it is open source and available on the internet at http://kems.iv.fapesp.br; * benchmark results obtained by KEMS comparing its classical propositional logic strategies with several problem families; * seven problem families designed to evaluate provers for logics of formal inconsistency; * the first benchmark results for the problem families designed to evaluate provers for logics of formal inconsistency.

Thesis Abstract Akshay Aggarwal July 2020 This thesis attempts at correction of some errors and inconsistencies in dif- ferent treebanks. The inconsistencies can be related to linguistic constructions, failure of the guidelines of annotation, failure to understand the guidelines on annotator's part, or random errors caused by annotators, among others. We propose a metric to attest the POS annotation consistency of different tree- banks in the same language, when the annotation guidelines remain the same. We offer solutions to some previously identified inconsistencies in the scope of the Universal Dependencies Project, and check the viability of a proposed in- consistency detection tool in a low-resource setting. The solutions discussed in the thesis are language-neutral, intended to work with multiple languages with efficiency. 1

This thesis deals with the revision of the cadastre data in the cadastral area of Jundrov. The area of interest is only a part of the cadastral territory, which is classified by the Cadastral Office Brno - město. The revision of the cadastre data was carried out in accordance with Section 35 of Act no. 256/2013 Sb. on Real Estate Cadastre (Cadastral Act) and Section 43 of Act no. 357/2013 Sb. on land registry (cadastral decree). The result of the master’s thesis is a copy of the cadastral map with inconsistencies drawn, a list of discrepancies found, annexes to the protocol on the result of revision of the cadastre data.

The power grid is a complex system that requires detailed planning and operation of the power sources. As renewable resources are increasing their share of the power mix, there are new criterion and aspects to take into account. Renewable resources such as wind and solar power are intermittent and challenge the planning and operation further. Simultaneously, the power demand increases and will continue to increase in the future. As the power resources and demand are changing in the power system, the power grid needs to adapt and be more flexible. A flexibility tool for the power system is Dynamic Rating which can dynamically increase the capacity in the power grid components depending on the environmental conditions. This can enable for higher transmission in overhead lines which facilitates the operation planning of power units. Dynamic rating can be applied to various power system components, but the focus in this project is Dynamic Line Rating (DLR). It is interesting to study the implementation of dynamic rating in the realtime market. The real-time market optimal power flow can be done in singleinterval or multi-interval. In this project, dynamic rating is implemented into multi-interval real-time market optimal power flow to investigate the effect on the generation costs. The results indicate that DLR can reduce the generation costs in power grids that are sometimes congested. / Kraftnätet är ett komplext system som kräver detaljerad planering och verksamhet av energikällor. Allt eftersom andelen förnybara energikällor ökar tillkommer nya aspekter att ta hänsyn till. Förnybara energikällor såsom vindkraft och solenergi har en mer ojämn produktion då de är beroende av vädret, vilket utmanar drift och planering av elproduktion mer än tidigare samtidigt som elbehovet ökar och kommer att fortsätta öka i framtiden. Det växande elbehovet och utökningen av förnybara energikällor kräver att elnätet kan anpassas och vara flexibelt. Ett sätt att öka flexibiliteten är att värdera kapaciten i transmissionsledningar dynamiskt (DLR) istället för statiskt där kapaciteten beräknas efter värsta tänkbara scenario. Dynamisk värdering kan därför möjliggöra högre kraftöverföring i ledningarna under gynsamma väderförhållanden vilket underlättar driften och planeringen av kraftkomponenterna. I detta examensarbete studeras dynamisk värdering av transmissionsledningar i realtidselmarknaden med flera intervall (MIRTM) där driftplaneringen optimeras så att driftkostnaderna minimeras under bivillor för kraftsystemet. Målet är att undersöka hur driftkostnaderna påverkas då bivillkoret för kraftflödet i transmissionsledningarna är mer flexibelt med DLR. Resultaten från detta projekt visar att DLR kan minska kostnaderna i elnät som är överbelastade.

Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The study will analyse the legal position of the right to strike and the consequences of participating in an unlawful strike. The study will provide a brief practical implication of employees dismissed for participation in an unlawful and/or unprotected strike and the employer’s right to reemploy any employee dismissed for a misconduct relating to unlawful and/or unprotected strike. The study will further make a brief comparison with the labour law position relating to strikes in the United Kingdom (“UK”). At the end provide recommendations on how the law on participation on unlawful and/or unprotected strikes and reemployed of employees dismissed on misconduct relating to participation in an unprotected strike can be developed and improved.

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[pt] A Programação Dinâmica Dual Estocástica (PDDE) constitui um dos métodos mais utilizados no planejamento hidrotérmico. Trabalhos anteriores neste campo se baseiam numa abordagem tipo acaso-decisão, enquanto a realidade está mais próxima de um processo tipo decisão-acaso. Tal dissonância entre planejamento e implementação gera um problema de inconsistência temporal, pois decisões futuras planejadas podem não ser colocadas em prática sob as mesmas condições. Se por um lado a modelagem acaso-decisão permite uma metodologia de solução cenário-decomponível eficiente, por outro, a estrutura decisão-acaso proporciona uma solução mais robusta (pessimista), já que desconsidera a antecipatividade. Neste trabalho, mensura-se o gap de inconsistência relativo a metodologia atual, assim como se propõe uma abordagem alternativa para o planejamento hidrotérmico que utiliza uma estrutura de revelação de incertezas e um processo decisório tipo decisão-acaso, aproximando o modelo de planejamento da realidade operativa. Ao invés de empregar restrições de não-antecipatividade, o que impossibilitaria a decomposição por cenário de cada subproblema estocástico de dois estágios, a metodologia proposta considera decisões de primeiro estágio como variáveis de estado a serem otimizadas via PDDE. Assim, reduz-se consideravelmente a complexidade e tempo necessário para se obter uma solução, garantindo ainda a estrutura decisória tipo decisão-acaso e não-antecipatividade das decisões de primeiro estágio. Resultados baseados no SIN indicam que tal inconsistência pode levar a um aumento considerável da geração de termelétricas mais caras, causando maior volatilidade nos preços de curto prazo e aumento no custo total de operação. Desta forma, a solução metodológica proposta, baseada na abordagem decisão-acaso via espaço de estado aumentado, constitui contribuição relevante e oportuna tanto para práticas na indústria quanto para o estado-da-arte da literatura utilizada para o planejamento da operação hidrotérmica sob incerteza. / [en] Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming (SDDP) is currently one of the most employed methods for hydrothermal planning. All previous works on this subject are based on a hazard-decision approach, whereas reality is more closely related to a decision-hazard process. This dissonance between planning and implementation is a source of time-inconsistency, as future planned decisions under the same conditions may not be put into practice. If on the one hand the hazard-decision modeling framework allows a scenario-decomposable efficient solution methodology, on the other hand the decision-hazard structure provides a more robust (pessimistic) solution as it does not rely on anticipativity assumptions. In this work, we measure the inconsistency-gap related to the current methodology and propose an alternative approach for hydrothermal planning that utilizes an informationrevelation structure and decision process based on a decision-hazard framework, thereby approximating the planning model to realistic operational actions. Instead of relying on non-anticipativity constraints, which would prevent the scenario decomposition of each two-stage stochastic subproblem, the proposed methodology considers first-stage decisions as state variables to be optimized through the SDDP procedure. In this framework, the complexity and time required to find a solution is considerably reduced yet ensuring the decision-hazard decision structure and non-anticipativity of the first-stage decisions. Results based on the Brazilian power system indicate that this inconsistency may considerably increase generation of more expensive thermal units, leading to spikes in energy market spot prices and an increase in overall operational costs. Therefore, the proposed decision-hazard approach and augmented-state solution methodology constitute timely and relevant contributions to both industry practices and state of the art literature on the subject of hydrothermal operation planning under uncertainty.

We present robust explicit construction of 3D configuration spaces using controlled linear perturbation. The input is two planar parts: a fixed set and a moving set, where each set is bounded by circle segments. The configuration space is the three-dimensional space of Euclidean transformation (translations plus rotations) of the moving set relative to the fixed set. The goal of constructing the 3D configuration space is to determine the boundary representation of the free space where the intersection of the moving set and fixed set is empty. To construct the configuration space, we use the controlled linear perturbation algorithm. The controlled linear perturbation algorithm assigns function signs that are correct for a nearly minimal input perturbation. The output of the algorithm is a consistent set of function signs. This approach is algorithm-independent, and the overhead over traditional floating point methods is reasonable. If the fixed and moving sets are computer representations of physical objects, then computing the configuration space greatly aids in many computational geometry problems. The main focus of computing the configuration space is for the path planning problem. We must find if a path exists from the start to the goal, where the fixed set is the obstacle, and the moving set is the object trying to reach the goal.

A novel fuzzy system named as 2-way fuzzy system is developed by combining the intuitionistic fuzzy set theory with the fuzzy systems theory. The developed system is used in modelling and minimizing uncertainty and inconsistency. Uncertainty is the width of the interval introduced by the independent assignment of membership and nonmembership functions of the intuitionistic fuzzy sets / and inconsistency is the violation of the consistency inequality in this assignment. The uncertainty and inconsistency is reduced through a 2 phase training. An evaluation of the degree of reduction of inconsistency is carried out at the end of the rst phase of training by forming the shadowed set patterns of the membership and nonmembership functions. The system is further trained for a second phase in order to reduce uncertainty. There are three dierent methods developed for the stability analysis of fuzzy systems. The rst method is based on the approximating sequences technique, and the design turns into an optimal control problem. In the sec ond analysis, describing function of a 2-way fuzzy system is evaluated analytically, and a systematic design approach is developed using describing function technique. The last analysis technique employs the Lie algebra theory in the stability analysis of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems. The theoretical results are simulated on an application system, which is a exible-joint robot arm system.

Nos travaux s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la définition d’architectures pour la conception des applications informatiques se basant sur l’interactivité avec l’utilisateur. Nous nous plaçons dans un contexte de système médiateur, dans lequel les interactions sont traitées par le système afin de maitriser au mieux l’exécution de l’application interactive. Un point-clé de notre approche est l’hypothèse que le concepteur conçoit son application interactive en fonction d’un présupposé qu’il a sur l’utilisateur (compétence, comportement...). Afin de maintenir la cohérence de l’exécution vis-à-vis du comportement de l’utilisateur pour l’activité en cours, le mécanisme d’adaptation doit alors prendre en compte la logique perçue et interprétée de l’utilisateur. Le principe d’exécution adaptative permet donc à un système interactif d’ajuster sa logique d’exécution en fonction de l’état, des comportements, des réactions et des capacités de l’utilisateur. Ainsi, le point de départ de l’exécution adaptative est la définition des propriétés caractérisant l’état de l’utilisateur et/ou de son environnement, et l’observation ou la capture de cet état, qui permettra par la suite de prendre une décision sur la poursuite du déroulement du scénario. Cependant, cette décision d’adaptation peut être influencée ou entravée par la distance entre l’état observé et l’état réel de l’utilisateur, ainsi que par la distance entre l’état observé et l’état prédit (espéré) par le système. Les principaux obstacles à l’exécution adaptative dans un système interactif sont de 3 types : les ambiguïtés, les incohérences et les quiproquos. Ils peuvent survenir à chaque fois qu’un ensemble d’acteurs du système considéré interagissent, partagent des connaissances globales et gèrent leurs connaissances locales. Un quiproquo se produit lorsque deux acteurs ont des connaissances incohérentes dans leurs visions locales et les utilisent pendant leurs interactions ; cela peut entraîner une déviation de ces interactions. L’ambiguïté causant possiblement des mauvaises perceptions est une des origines de quiproquo. Les ambiguïtés et les quiproquos sont des entraves pouvant entrainer des conséquences graves pour le système, tel que la déviance du scénario, la propagation des quiproquos, l’interruption des interactions, la perte de motivation des utilisateurs... Ils diminuent à la fois la qualité de l’adaptation et la pertinence de l’interaction. La question principale à laquelle veulent répondre nos travaux est : comment peut-on gérer les quiproquos entre les acteurs du système lors de l’exécution, afin d’améliorer l’adaptativité dans les applications interactives ? Le principe de notre solution est de proposer un gabarit de conception et d’organisation des interactions ainsi qu’un gabarit de mécanisme de gestion de cohérence, que les concepteurs d’une application interactive pourront reprendre comme support pour développer leurs propres algorithmes de détection ou de correction. Ce modèle d’architecture doit être générique et réutilisable, les mécanismes doivent être transparents et préserver les propriétés importantes des systèmes interactifs. Pour atteindre cet objectif, notre recherche s’est divisée en trois points : proposer un cadre méthodologique à base de la notion de « situation » pour la conception des applications interactives, pour confiner les interactions et suivre les parcours d’actions de chaque acteur, afin de contrôler l’utilisation des ressources et assurer la cohérence des visions locales ; proposer une architecture robuste à base d’agents avec la surcharge des composants spécifiques en tant qu’infrastructure des systèmes interactifs adaptatifs ; enfin, transférer des techniques du domaine de la sûreté de fonctionnement et de la tolérance aux fautes, vers le domaine de l’interactivité et l’adaptativité pour traiter les quiproquos. / Our works focus on defining an architectural model for interactivity-based computer applications. The research context is placed in the mediator systems where the interactions are treated by the system itself, and in the scenarized applications where its execution is considered as a scenario. This aims to manage at best the interactive application execution. The observation and adaptation are key points of our approach where the designer develops his interactive application according to the presuppositions about users (behaviour, skills...). To maintain an execution consistence towards user’s behaviour in current activities, the adaptation mechanism has to take into account the perceived and interpreted user’s logic. That allows the system to adjust its execution logic to user’s state, behaviour, reactions and capacities. Hence, the starting point of adaptive execution is to define a set of proprieties characterising user’s state and his environment of which the observation permits thereafter to make decisions about the future scenario continuity. However, this decision can be influenced or hampered by the difference distance between the observed state and the real state of user, also the distance between the observed state and the expected one by the system. The principal obstacles against the adaptation and interactions are : the ambiguity, the inconsistency, and the misunderstanding. They can occur when the participant actors interact, share global data, and manage the local knowledge contained in their local visions at the same time. A misunderstanding in interaction arises during actors’ interactions using the inconsistent data in their local visions that can impact badly on interaction. The ambiguity causing possibly the wrong perceptions is one of the principal misunderstanding origines. Theses obstacles lead to serious consequences for the system and application such as scenario deviation, misunderstanding propagation, interaction interruption, user’s motivation lost...They decrease the adaptation quality and interaction pertinence. Hence, the principal question of this thesis is : how can we handle the misunderstanding in interactions between the actors during system execution in order to improve adaptability in the interactive applications ? Our solution principle is to propose a model for interaction designing and organizing, together with a model for consistency handling mechanisms that application designers can employ as a necessary support to install his own detection or correction algorithms. These models have to be generic, reusable to be applied in different types of application. The consistency managements have to be transparent to users, and preserve important properties of interactive systems. To attain this objective, our works follow three major points : propose a situation-based methodological model for interactive application designing to confine a sequence of interactions into a situation with the constraints of context and resource utilisation. This structuration into situations propose a robust system architecture with additional specific components that ensure misunderstanding in interaction detection and management. Integrate the adaptive treatment mechanisms to the dynamic system’s execution through the proposed situation-based architectural model. They are inspired and adapted from fault-tolerance techniques in dependability domain.