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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Analyse des obstacles représentationnels chez les personnes autonomes concernant leur santé bucco-dentaire Contribution À la conception de modÈle de programme d’Éducation pour la santÉ bucco-dentaire : Contribution à la conception de modèle de programme d’éducation pour la santé bucco-dentaire / An Analysis of cognitive representations of the independent elderly on their oral health : Contribution to the design of a model for oral health education programme

Hvostoff, Cécile 13 December 2017 (has links)
Problématique: Devant les recommandations de concevoir des interventions éducatives en santébucco-dentaire intégrées dans des modèles de promotion de la santé (Petersen, 2010), le constat est fait, aprèsune recension qualitative des écrits en s’adossant au modèle Precede-Proceed (Green et Kreuter, 1991) qu’ilexiste peu d’études sur les représentations cognitives en santé bucco-dentaire des personnes âgées autonomes enparticulier sur la maladie carieuse, la gingivite, la mobilité dentaire, la sécheresse buccale et le bruxisme.Objectif : Identifier les représentations cognitives, selon Meunier (2002), exprimées dans le comportement desanté bucco-dentaire. Méthode: Suivant la méthode qualitative de la théorisation ancrée, l’analyse des verbatimest réalisée de l’étape de codification à l’étape de mise en relation (Paillé,1994). L’échantillon, non représentatif,repose sur 12 répondants volontaires (5 hommes et 7 femmes, de 66 ans à 90 ans). Les entretiens semi-directifssont menés à l’aide d’un guide d’entretien, préalablement testé, qui s’appuie sur plusieurs concepts dont leHealth Belief Model. Il comprend : un état de santé déclaré, une description de sa propre santé bucco-dentaire etune description du répondant et de ses ressources. Résultats : Les représentations cognitives, favorables ou non,sont proportionnellement plus présentes au niveau de l’attribution causale et du mécanisme d’apparition desmaladies bucco-dentaires. Les répondants expriment une proportion importante de « je ne sais pas» concernantles maladies en santé orale sauf pour la maladie carieuse. Ils ne se perçoivent pas comme malade. La notion debonne santé orale est difficile à définir autrement que par opposition à une mauvaise santé orale. Enfin, alors queles thèmes ne sont pas questionnés dans le guide d’entretien, l’esthétique et les préoccupations financièresoccupent une place importante dans les discours. Discussion : Ces résultats font émerger des obstaclesreprésentationnels vis-à-vis de la santé orale et mettent en exergue les différentes caractéristiques d’uncomportement en santé orale. Ils semblent confirmer que l’étape du diagnostic éducatif est incontournable dansla conception d’un programme d’éducation en santé orale car elle permet, entre autre, de faire émerger lesreprésentations cognitives, les connaissances déjà acquises et les nombreuses incertitudes. Il est à noter que touteintervention en éducation doit prévoir une définition positive de la santé orale. Conclusion : La poursuite derecherche s’avère nécessaire afin de répondre aux objectifs d’une intervention éducative. Un des principauxenjeux est l’adoption par l’individu d’un raisonnement basé sur l’acquisition de connaissances et de savoir luipermettant de prendre des décisions plus favorables à sa santé. / Premise: Given the need to develop educational programmes integrated into more generalmodels to promote oral health (Petersen, 2010), we observe that there are few studies on the cognitiverepresentations of the independent elderly on oral health. This observation is made after an qualitative review ofthe literature drawing on the Precede-Proceed model (Green et Kreuter, 1991). The lack of studies on this topicis especially apparent regarding tooth decay, gingivitis, dental mobility, dry mouth and bruxism. Aims: Toidentify the cognitive representations, defined by Meunier (2002), present in oral health behaviour. Method:According to the qualitative method of Grounded theory, the verbatim’s analysis is realized from the codingstage up to the integrating stage (Paillé, 1994). The sample, non-representative, is based on 12 voluntaryrespondents (5 men and 7 women, aged from 66 years to 90 years). The semi-directive interviews are led with aninterview guide based on the reference design of the Health Belief Model. Data includes reported health status,reported description of the respondent and their resources and reported description of their own oral health.Results: The categories of causal attribution and mechanism of appearance include most of cognitiverepresentations, either positive or negative. The respondents express an important proportion of “ I don’t know”regarding diseases in oral health, with the exception of cavities. They do not perceive themselves as sick persons.They define a good oral health only as opposed to poor oral health. Finally, while these topics are not addressedin the interview guide, aesthetics and financial concerns occupy an important place in the discourses.Discussion: These results reveal the representational barriers to improved oral health behaviour and stress thevarious characteristics of it. The results contribute to structuring a relevant educational diagnosis that isnecessary to prior in an education programme. Every health educational programme must include a positive oralhealth definition. Conclusion: There is a need for further research to address the objectives of educationalprogrammes. The main stake is to bring people to adopting knowledge based on reasoning yielding improvedoral health decisions.
2

Tidens tand : Äldre individers upplevelse kring användandet av ett tekniskt hjälpmedel som påminnelse för tandborstning / Time takes its toll : Elderly individuals experience of using assistive technology as a reminder for tooth brushing

Falkenström, Caroline January 2018 (has links)
Bakgrund: Förmågan att utföra oral egenvård kan påverkas av skörhet hos äldre, därmed krävs fler för gruppen anpassade hjälpmedel. Syfte: Att hos sköra äldre i ordinärt boende analysera upplevelsen av att använda ett tekniskt munhälsohjälpmedel, en så kallad trigger, för påminnelse av tandborstning. Metod: Rekrytering av informanter gjordes i samverkan med folktandvården i Region Jönköpings län och institutionen för Gerontologi på HHJ. Triggern testades i egna bostaden av sju informanter i en vecka vardera. Två intervjuer utfördes om livssituation/munhygien och kring upplevelsen av användandet. En kvalitativ, induktiv innehållsanalys av materialet utfördes. Resultat: Analysen gav huvudkategorin, ”användning”, vilken kopplades till subkategorin ”förhållningssätt och vanor”. Där ansågs munhygienvanorna goda och värdet av användningen sattes istället i relation till om kapaciteten att upprätthålla munhygienen hade blivit försämrad. Behovet anpassa triggern till föränderliga vardagstider upplevdes i relation till subkategorin ”fungerande vardagstruktur”. Huvudkategorin ”Funktion”, upplevdes i stort som god, subkategorin ”otillförlitlig” syftade dock till teknik som upplevts brista. Subkategorin ”utvecklingsmöjligheter” berörde signalsystemet som upplevdes behöva kompletterande ljud/ljusintryck.              Slutsats: Informanterna upplevde sig för friska i relation till huvudkategorin ”användning”. Gentemot huvudkategorin ”funktion” kom dock detta att resultera i användbara aspekter till vidareutvecklingen av triggern, såsom uppmärksamhetsförhöjande ljudintryck. Detta bör fokus läggas på innan fortsatta studier utförs. / Background: The ability to perform oral self-care can be affected by frailty in the elderly. Aim: To analyze the experience of using assistive technology, a so called trigger, as a reminder of tooth brushing, for the home dwelling elderly. Method: The recruitment was done in collaboration with the public Dental service and the Institute of Gerontology at HHJ. Seven informants tested the trigger for a week. Two interviews regarding their life situation/oral hygiene and the experience around the trigger was performed.A qualitative inductive content analysis was performed. Result: The main category "use", was linked to the subcategory "approaches and habits", here the value of the use was linked to if the capacity to maintain oral hygiene was impaired. In "everyday structure" a need to adapt the trigger to a changing schedule was experienced.  The main category ”function” and the subcategory "unreliable" referred to the parts that malfunctioned. “Improvement opportunities” regarded the need to develop the signal system. Conclusion: The informants perceived themselves as too healthy in relation to "use". In “function” this can be perceived as a strength. It resulted in improvement suggestions, such as sound-developments for attention, that should be taken into account before further studies are performed.
3

Oberoende äldres upplevelse av svensk tandvård : Ur ett livscykelsperspektiv / Independent elderly and their experience of Swedish dental care : A lifecycle-perspective

Wanfors, Felicia, Grimmehed, Emma January 2020 (has links)
Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate how independent elderly people experience the development of dental care in Sweden. Method and design: The design of the study is qualitative with an inductive approach. Seven elderly was included in the study. The data was collected through seven interviews. The interviews were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. An ethical self-examination was conducted in consultation with the mentor. Results: The result shows that independent elderly people believe that the dental care in Sweden has undergone a positive change from a life-cycle perspective. The results are presented in the main categorieschanges in dental care and professional individual dental care treatment. The main category changes in dental care was divided into three subcategories: more competent dental care professionals and a more expensive dental care. The professional individual dental care treatment was divided into patient-centered dental care, improved working methods and reduced pain during treatment. Conclusion: Dental care has been improved from a life cycle perspective due to improved treatment methods, developed resources and a more accommodating dental care. This study cannot be transferred to the rest of the population. / Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur oberoende äldre upplever tandvårdens utveckling ur ett livscykelperspektiv. Metod: Studien var av kvalitativ design och antogs med en induktiv ansats. Studien utfördes genom intervjuer och analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I studien inkluderades sju oberoende äldre som har besökt tandvården regelbundet under hela livet. En etisk egengranskning utfördes i samråd med handledare. Resultat: Resultatet visar att tandvården har genomgått en positiv förändring ur ett livscykelperspektiv hos oberoende äldre. Resultatet presenteras i huvudkategorierna förändring av tandvården och professionellt individuellt omhändertagande. Huvudkategorin förändring av tandvården delas upp i underkategorierna mer kompetenta tandvårdsprofessioner och dyrare tandvård. Huvudkategorin individuellt omhändertagande delas upp i patientcentrerat bemötande, förbättrat arbetssätt och minskad smärta vid behandling Slutsats: Tandvården har förbättrats genom utvecklade behandlingsmetoder med utvecklade resurser och en mer tillmötesgående vård. Resultatet från denna studie går inte att överföra på andra individer.

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