Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T10:24:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 208661.pdf: 1168429 bytes, checksum: 4f332b06ce5187cd36457c8644b8431d (MD5) / Existe uma variedade de aplicações nas quais sistemas multicamadas são submetidos à transferência radiativa, tais como módulos fotovoltaicos, espelhos, polarizadores,

No / Over the years, the quest for a better society has led to the birth of a variety of composite indices of development, from the gross domestic product to the happiness index. These indices usually integrate various social, cultural, psychological, and political aspects and are considered of vital importance for evaluating a country’s level of development and for assessing the impact of policy especially in the public sector. Overall, they consist of numerical measures that describe the well-being of both the individual and the society as a whole. This Special Issue on Indices for the Betterment of the Public of Socio-Economic Planning Sciences includes thirteen research articles by authors from Belgium, Colombia, Greece, India, Iran, Italy, Peru, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

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Thèse doctorat : Informatique : Villeurbanne, INSA : 2004. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 129-136.

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Orientador: Wilson Suzigan / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T00:07:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tokeshi_Helio_M.pdf: 3860057 bytes, checksum: 2930e8eb2446482b9bc09afe61785300 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Economia

L’objectif de ce travail est la prédiction numérique d’écoulements turbulents avec transfert thermique dans des cavités ventilées à l’aide d’un modèle à relaxation elliptique. Cette approche dite v² -f a été intuitivement proposée pour la modélisation de la turbulence en proche paroi. Pour mener à bien cette étude, les investigations numériques ont été mise en oeuvre sur trois configurations et validées en s’appuyant sur les résultats expérimentaux disponibles et des résultats numériques issus des modèles k -[epsilon] RNG de Yakhot & Orszag, le modèle k -[omega] SST de Menter et le modèle à contraintes de Reynolds (RSM). L’analyse et la confrontation des résultats obtenus permettent de constater que le modèle de relaxation elliptique présente une meilleure prédiction pour les champs thermique et aéraulique avec un temps de calcul raisonnable. Ensuite, les comparaisons des indices du confort thermique entre les modèles de turbulence et l’expérience nous confortent dans l’idée que le modèle v² -f est un bon candidat pour la prédiction du confort thermique dans les cavités ventilées. / The aim of this work is to predict numerically turbulent airflow with heat transfer in indoor environment using an elliptic relaxation model. This approach named v² -f has been proposed for modelling near-wall turbulence. In this study, numerical investigations have been carried out in three configurations and validated on available experimental data and numerical results from the models considered, k -[epsilon]RNG model of Yakhot & Orszag, k -[omega] SST model of Menter and Reynolds stress model. The analysis and comparison of results obtained shows that the v² -f model provides a better prediction for the velocity fields and temperature fields with a reasonable computational time. All comparisons of thermal comfort indices suggest that

Cette thèse contribue à la littérature de l'efficience et des frontières de production en adoptant une philosophie de gestion pour apporter quelques solutions aux gestionnaires. Un thème principal est abordé dans cette thèse : nous illustrons l'importance de la convexité dans une grande variété de frontières de production. Trois sujets représentent le noyau de cette dissertation: (1) L’utilisation de capacité optimale et la redistribution dans un réseau de branches bancaires allemand; (2) Une comparaison des indices de productivité Malmquist et Hicks Moorsteen, qui se concentrent sur le problème de l’infaisabilité; (3) Les économies d’échelle et les rendements d’échelle dans les modèles non paramétriques. Le premier chapitre montre comment le modèle à court terme de Johansen peut être utilisé pour élaborer des scénarios permettant de gérer la redistribution d’inputs et d’outputs dans un réseau bancaire, et illustre comment la convexité affecte les résultats du modèle à court terme de Johansen. Le deuxième chapitre décrit comment les infaisabilités de l'indice de productivité de Malmquist sont conditionnées par des hypothèses sur la technologie (y compris la convexité). Enfin, le troisième chapitre explore la différence entre l'efficacité technique et l'efficacité d'échelle ainsi que les éventuelles différences entre la caractérisation des économies d'échelle et des rendements d'échelle basées sur les technologies et l’estimation des fonctions de coût convexes et non convexes. / This thesis contributes to the efficiency and production frontier literature by adopting a managerial focus to provide some new solutions to managers. There is in fact one recurrent theme in this PhD : we illustrate the importance of convexity in a wide variety of production frontier modeling settings. Three topics represent the core of this dissertation : (1) Optimal capacity utilization and reallocation in a German bank branch network; (2) A comparison of Malmquist and Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indices focusing on infeasibilities; (3) Scale economies and returns to scale in non-parametric models. The first chapter shows how the short run Johansen model can be used to develop scenarios to manage the reallocation of inputs and outputs over a bank branch network so as to improve its performance. Then, we illustrate how convexity affects these results. The second chapter describes how infeasibilities of the Malmquist productivity index are conditioned by assumptions on technology, in particular (i) short-run versus long-run analysis, (ii) convex versus non-convex, and (iii) constant versus flexible returns to scale assumptions. Finally, the third chapter explores the difference between the technical efficiency and the scale efficiency as well as the eventual differences between the characterization of economies of scale and returns to scale based on convex and non-convex technology and cost function estimations.

Orientador : João Luiz Cardoso / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T00:28:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_RodrigoFerrarinide_M.pdf: 503446 bytes, checksum: 8cbabe70f8cf724d4a28d756c7bf3214 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O Pronaf, Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar, foi criado para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura familiar, mediante o apoio financeiro das atividades agropecuárias e não agropecuárias. No entanto, desde a sua criação, em 1996, o grau de financiamento para custeio das lavouras familiares, proporcionado pelo Programa, apresentou grande variabilidade entre as unidades da federação, sobrepujando-se, principalmente, a região Sul do Brasil. O trabalho foi elaborado a partir de dados dos Anuários Estatísticos do Crédito Rural, publicados pelo Banco Central do Brasil, referentes aos anos de 1996, quando foi criado o Programa, até 2001 (último ano de dados disponíveis quando da elaboração do estudo). Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral do trabalho foi analisar as características da participação dos recursos do Pronaf no Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural (SNCR). Além disso, foram analisadas as características próprias da distribuição dos recursos financeiros do Programa. Neste caso, foram calculados e analisados índices gerais que caracterizaram os valores médios dos contratos, os números de contratos e o grau de financiamento, no âmbito do Pronaf, por unidade da federação. Para o cálculo dos índices gerais, foram utilizadas as metodologias de Laspeyres, Paasche e Fisher, aplicadas ao caso específico do financiamento. Os resultados indicaram que, embora tenha ocorrido um substancial aumento no número de contratos realizados para a agricultura familiar no Brasil, não houve uma contrapartida distributiva desse montante. Assim, verificou-se que a desconcentração do crédito de custeio familiar, na região Sul, vem ocorrendo de forma bastante lenta. Além disso, alguns estados da região Norte e Nordeste perderam grande parte dos recursos financeiros concedidos pelo Programa em 2001, sendo que as culturas mais afetadas foram aquelas mais importantes na alimentação popular. Finalmente, espera-se que o Plano Safra para a Agricultura Familiar 2003-2004 contribua ainda mais para minimizar a falta de recursos enfrentada pelo Programa, mas será fundamental que a Secretaria de Agricultura Familiar concentre esforços na maior divulgação e distribuição dos recursos financeiros entre as unidades da federação, sobretudo para aquelas pertencentes às regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil / Abstract: The Pronaf, National Program of Improvement of Familiar Agriculture, was created to promote the development sustainable of familiar agriculture, by means of the financial support of the farming and not farming activities. However, since its creation, in 1996, the degree of financing for expenditure of the familiar farmings, proportionate for the Program, presented great variability enters the units of the federacy, being distinguished, mainly, the South region of Brazil. The work was elaborated from data of Statistical Yearbooks of the Agricultural Credit, published for the Brazilian Central Bank, referring to the years of 1996 the 2001. In this context, the general objective of the work was to analyze the characteristics of the participation of the resources of the Pronaf in the National System of Agricultural Credit. Moreover, the proper characteristics of the distribution of the financial resources of the Program had been analyzed. In this in case that, they had been calculated and analyzed general indices that had characterized the average values of contracts, the contract numbers and the degree of financing, in the scope of the Pronaf, for unit of the federacy. For the calculation of the general indices, the methodologies of Laspeyres, Paasche and Fisher had been used, applied to the specific case of the financing. The results had indicated that, even so a substantial increase in the contract number has occurred carried through for familiar agriculture in Brazil, did not have a distributive counterpart of this sum. Thus, it was verified that the redistribution of the credit of familiar expenditure, for is of the South region, comes occurring of sufficiently slow form. Moreover, some states of the region North and Northeast had lost great part of the financial resources granted by the Program in 2001, being that the affected cultures more had been the those most important ones in the popular feeding. Finally, one expects that the Plan Harvest for Familiar Agriculture 2003-2004 contributes still more to minimize the lack of resources faced by the Program, but will be basic that the Secretariat of Familiar Agriculture concentrates efforts in the biggest spreading and distribution of the financial resources between the units of the federacy, over all for that pertaining to the regions North and Northeast of Brazil / Mestrado / Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

Orientador: Marlene Tiduko Ueta / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T12:58:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Madi_RubensRiscala_D.pdf: 9621964 bytes, checksum: 62171358c6dd9c0bf0ceb26ed12fd16c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Alguns parasitos de peixes podem ser utilizados como indicadores da qualidade e saúde ambiental. Por fazerem parte de uma complexa cadeia de relações os hospedeiros intermediários e paratênicos, geralmente pequenos e delicados, variam seus níveis populacionais conforme o tipo de poluente refletindo em alterações do parasitismo em peixes. A escolha de uma espécie de peixe como bio-indicador é fator fundamental para a correta utilização dessa ferramenta de análise ambienta!. Neste trabalho foram comparados os parasitismos do peixe Geophagus brasiliensis (Cichlidae, Perciformes) em dois reservatórios com diferentes níveis de influência antrópica e eutrofização. Foram verificados os helmintos parasitos cavitários, teciduais e de brânquias. Foram calculados os índices de diversidade de Simpson e de Shannon, o índice de uniformidade de HiII, os coeficientes de associação de Jaccard, de Dice e de Ochiai e as variações nas taxas de prevalência e intensidade média de infecção. Para o modelo adotado, os índices que melhor refletiram a influência do tipo de ambiente e as variações ocasionadas dentro destes ambientes foram a prevalência e a intensidade média de infecção. Os resultados obtidos com os índices de associação demonstraram a independência das relações entre os helmintos parasitos encontrados. Através dos cálculos das prevalências e intensidades médias de infecção os parasitos podem ser utilizados como indicadores de alterações ambientais (metacercárias de Clinostomum sp. e Ancyrocephalinae) e indicadores faunísticos em ambientes distintos (metacestódeos de Proteocephalidea e Cyclophyllidea e o nematódeo Procamallanus peraccuratus). Foram encontradas também larvas de Contracaecum sp. cujos resultados não foram suficientes para uma conclusão sobre o seu papel como indicador ambienta! / Abstract: Some parasites of fishes can be utilized as indicators of water quality and environmental health. As intermediate and paratenic hosts, generally small and delicate, belonging to a complex relationship chain, they must vary their population in accordance to the variety of pollutant, reflects in alteration of parasitism in fishes. The choice of the fish specie as bio-indicator is a essential factor to a correct utilization as toei of environmental analysis. In this work, it was compared the parasitism of Geophagus brasiliensis (Cichlidae, Perciformes) in two rese rvo i r with different levels os antropic influence and eutrophication. The cavities, tissular and gill helminths parasites were verified. The Simpson's and Shannon's diversity indices, the HiII's evenness index, the Jaccard's, Dice's and Ochiai's interespecific association indices and the variations in prevalence and mean intensity of infection were calculated. To the model adopted the indices that better reflected the influence of environmental type and the variations that occurred inside the environment were the prevalence and intensity of infection. The interespecific association indices demonstrate the independence of relations among the helminths parasites. Through the estimate of prevalence and mean intensity of infection indices, the parasites can be utilized as indicators of environmental changes (metacercariae of Clinostomum sp. and Ancyrocephalinae) and faunistics indicators of distincts environments (metacestodes of Proteocephalidea and Cyclophyllidea and the nematode Procamallanus peraccuratus). Larvae of Contracaecum sp. were also found, whose resulting were not sufficient to a conclusion about its function as environmental indicator / Doutorado / Parasitologia / Doutor em Parasitologia