<p>Manövertänkandet har vuxit fram som ett resultat av ny tekniks tillämpning i gammal krigföring. Framförallt Tyskland och England har utvecklat det vi idag kallar manöverkrigföring. Kopplat till den utvecklingen uppkom nya teorier om framgångsfaktorer i striden. Idén om den indirekta metoden var banbrytande och fick stort genomslag för dagens syn på krigföring. Inom manöverkriget fick även en ny ledningsmetod utrymme att växa sig stark, uppdragstaktiken är nu vida spridd runt om i världens försvarsmakter.</p><p>Svenska försvarsmaktens grundläggande koncept för insatser med alla svenska förband är manövertänkandet. Detta manövertänkande har sina grunder i de tyska och engelska teorierna från mellankrigstiden. Dess ledningsmetod är uppdragstaktiken och genomsyrar hela den svenska militära strukturen. </p><p>Uppsatsen undersöker och diskuterar tempots betydelse för manöverkrigföringen, dels som fysisk rörelse men även som en beslutscykel. Jag har kommit fram till följande resultat; initiativet är nyckeln till framgång, initiativ vinns genom ett offensivt agerande med uppdragstaktiken som grund.</p> / <p>Maneuver warfare has gradually developed as a result of new technology being used in old ways to wage war. Especially Germany and England have developed what we today call maneuver warfare. As a natural result in the development of how to wage war, new ideas of how success would be achieved also came forth. The idea of an indirect approach was revolutionary and gained a strong foothold in how we today perceive war making.  In maneuver warfare a new philosophy of leadership has also been given wide recognition, today mission tactics is spread throughout the world.</p><p>The Swedish armed forces basic concept of operations is maneuver thinking. This has its roots in the German and English doctrines developed during the time between the first and second world wars. Its leadership philosophy is mission tactics and can bee seen and identified throughout the Swedish armed forces structure.</p><p>This essay researches and discusses the meaning of the term tempo in maneuver warfare, both as physical movement and as a decisive cycle. I have come to these conclusions; initiative is key to success, initiative is won thru acting offensively with mission tactics as a base.</p>

<p>En av huvuddelarna i manöverkrigföringen, som Försvarsmakten nyttjar, är indirekt och direkt metod. Men då Sverige inte har varit i krig på väldigt länge så beslöt jag att skriva denna uppsats i syfte att skapa ett underlag för en ökad förståelse för nyttjandet av indirekt och direkt metod vid manöverkrigföring. För att göra detta så försökte jag svara på följande fråga:</p><ul><li>Hur ser fördelningen mellan indirekt och direkt metod ut vid flyginsatser i krig under 1990-talet?</li></ul><p>För att få ett svar på frågan så gjorde jag en fallstudie på Operation Desert Storm där jag först analyserade vilken metod de allierade styrkorna använde mot de olika anfallsmålen. Efter detta gjorde jag en undersökning i hur många anfall och uppdrag som genomfördes mot varje mål. Resultaten visade bland annat att även om de flesta målen var kritiska sårbarheter, där indirekt metod nyttjades, så gjordes de flesta anfallen med direkt metod.</p> / <p>A fundamental part of the manoeuvre warfare, which the Swedish Armed Forces use, is indirect and direct approach. But since Sweden has not been in a war for a long time I decided to write this essay with the purpose to create a basis of further understanding of how to use indirect and direct approach during manoeuvre warfare. To do this I have tried to answer the following question:</p><ul><li>How are the indirect and direct approach divided in air raids in wars during the 1990s?</li></ul><p>To answer this question I made a case study on Operation Desert Storm, where I first analysed which approach the allied forces used on the different targets. After that I made a research on how many attacks and missions they made on each target. The results showed among others that even though most of the targets were critical vulnerabilities, on which the indirect approach was used, the most part of the attacks were made using the direct approach.</p>

Manövertänkandet har vuxit fram som ett resultat av ny tekniks tillämpning i gammal krigföring. Framförallt Tyskland och England har utvecklat det vi idag kallar manöverkrigföring. Kopplat till den utvecklingen uppkom nya teorier om framgångsfaktorer i striden. Idén om den indirekta metoden var banbrytande och fick stort genomslag för dagens syn på krigföring. Inom manöverkriget fick även en ny ledningsmetod utrymme att växa sig stark, uppdragstaktiken är nu vida spridd runt om i världens försvarsmakter. Svenska försvarsmaktens grundläggande koncept för insatser med alla svenska förband är manövertänkandet. Detta manövertänkande har sina grunder i de tyska och engelska teorierna från mellankrigstiden. Dess ledningsmetod är uppdragstaktiken och genomsyrar hela den svenska militära strukturen.  Uppsatsen undersöker och diskuterar tempots betydelse för manöverkrigföringen, dels som fysisk rörelse men även som en beslutscykel. Jag har kommit fram till följande resultat; initiativet är nyckeln till framgång, initiativ vinns genom ett offensivt agerande med uppdragstaktiken som grund. / Maneuver warfare has gradually developed as a result of new technology being used in old ways to wage war. Especially Germany and England have developed what we today call maneuver warfare. As a natural result in the development of how to wage war, new ideas of how success would be achieved also came forth. The idea of an indirect approach was revolutionary and gained a strong foothold in how we today perceive war making.  In maneuver warfare a new philosophy of leadership has also been given wide recognition, today mission tactics is spread throughout the world. The Swedish armed forces basic concept of operations is maneuver thinking. This has its roots in the German and English doctrines developed during the time between the first and second world wars. Its leadership philosophy is mission tactics and can bee seen and identified throughout the Swedish armed forces structure. This essay researches and discusses the meaning of the term tempo in maneuver warfare, both as physical movement and as a decisive cycle. I have come to these conclusions; initiative is key to success, initiative is won thru acting offensively with mission tactics as a base.

En av huvuddelarna i manöverkrigföringen, som Försvarsmakten nyttjar, är indirekt och direkt metod. Men då Sverige inte har varit i krig på väldigt länge så beslöt jag att skriva denna uppsats i syfte att skapa ett underlag för en ökad förståelse för nyttjandet av indirekt och direkt metod vid manöverkrigföring. För att göra detta så försökte jag svara på följande fråga: Hur ser fördelningen mellan indirekt och direkt metod ut vid flyginsatser i krig under 1990-talet? För att få ett svar på frågan så gjorde jag en fallstudie på Operation Desert Storm där jag först analyserade vilken metod de allierade styrkorna använde mot de olika anfallsmålen. Efter detta gjorde jag en undersökning i hur många anfall och uppdrag som genomfördes mot varje mål. Resultaten visade bland annat att även om de flesta målen var kritiska sårbarheter, där indirekt metod nyttjades, så gjordes de flesta anfallen med direkt metod. / A fundamental part of the manoeuvre warfare, which the Swedish Armed Forces use, is indirect and direct approach. But since Sweden has not been in a war for a long time I decided to write this essay with the purpose to create a basis of further understanding of how to use indirect and direct approach during manoeuvre warfare. To do this I have tried to answer the following question: How are the indirect and direct approach divided in air raids in wars during the 1990s? To answer this question I made a case study on Operation Desert Storm, where I first analysed which approach the allied forces used on the different targets. After that I made a research on how many attacks and missions they made on each target. The results showed among others that even though most of the targets were critical vulnerabilities, on which the indirect approach was used, the most part of the attacks were made using the direct approach.

The diploma thesis The quality of supporting relationship and aim directivity as a successful factor in social work was written by Šicnerová Věra, Faculty of Theology of the University of South Bohemia. The supervisor of the thesis is Lhotová Marie, PhDr. Ing. Ph.D. Key words: aim, emotions, client, indirect approach, Rogers, empathy, interaction, communication, conflict, social work, social worker, relationship. The diploma thesis describes the development of a social therapeutic relationship between a client and a social worker which is based on non - evaluating approach of the social worker and in the connection with a suitable follow-up aim. The information about the conditions of a quality relationship which is needed for communication between the client and the social worker in a social therapeutic relationship is included in the thesis. Dangers and inappropriate approaches which can ruin suitable selection and the realization of aim are mentioned too. The thesis defines vocational qualities of social workers which can make the relationship development easier. It also presents attributes of social workers and clients, which can on the contrary disrupt or thwart this development. The diploma thesis illustrates that the relationship between social workers and clients is a determinative factor for a successful definition and realization of the social therapeutic process aim.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-27T15:48:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fabianosantossaito.pdf: 3105902 bytes, checksum: f587627cf9d4d2ca65b541b1552560b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-05-02T01:02:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fabianosantossaito.pdf: 3105902 bytes, checksum: f587627cf9d4d2ca65b541b1552560b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T01:02:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabianosantossaito.pdf: 3105902 bytes, checksum: f587627cf9d4d2ca65b541b1552560b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-29 / O objetivo desta tese foi o de investigar as contribuições de um ambiente digital de leitura para aprendizagem lexical e para retenção dos itens lexicais na memória, a curto e a longo prazo, sob uma perspectiva de ensino lexical implícito. Foram preparados dois ambientes de leitura, de acordo com os princípios de design para elearning (ISTRATE, 2009): um com recursos hipermídia e outro sem tais recursos. Esse estudo experimental foi realizado para testar os ambientes de leitura enquanto objetos de ensino e aprendizagem de vocabulário de Inglês como Língua Estrangeira. No plano teórico, este trabalho resgata a importância dos estudos sobre ensino e aprendizagem de léxico em Língua Estrangeira (LE doravante), e em especial, o papel que a hipermídia pode desempenhar na aprendizagem de léxico através da leitura (SOUZA, 2004; BRAGA e SOUZA, 2007). Ainda no plano teórico, são discutidas as vantagens de se adotar a abordagem conexionista da linguagem para explicar os fenômenos de aprendizagem de LE em contextos digitais (WARING, 1996; NELSON, 2013). Também são apresentados modelos de processamento da informação para ambiente hipermídia (MAYER, 2001; HEDE, 2002), bem como modelos de memória (BADDELEY, 2003; MCCLELLAND et al., 1995). Metodologicamente, esta é uma pesquisa quasi experimental, em que se buscou controlar a presença e ausência de recursos hipermídia em ambientes de leitura de LE mediados por computador. O experimento foi realizado em uma universidade federal localizada em Juiz de Fora – MG – Brasil, tendo sido aplicado para um total de 60 participantes voluntários: 30 no grupo experimental e 30 no grupo controle. Para efeitos de análise, os resultados mais importantes foram aqueles obtidos nos testes de conhecimento de vocabulário. Os dados foram submetidos a métodos quantitativos simples. A análise de dados indica que a curto prazo tanto o ambiente de leitura com hipermídia quanto o ambiente sem hipermídia promovem a aprendizagem lexical dos itens lexicais testados. No entanto, os resultados a longo prazo indicam que no grupo experimental a retenção lexical foi qualitativamente melhor, o que indica que a hipermídia pode ter atuado como fator positivo para aprendizagem lexical e retenção desse léxico na memória. / This dissertation aimed at investigating the contributions of a digital reading environment for lexical learning and for lexical retention in memory, in short and long term, under an indirect lexical teaching and learning approach. For this, two digital reading environments were prepared, both built according to elearning design principles (Istrate 2009), one with hypermedia resources and another one without hypermedia resources. This experimental study was made to test the digital reading environments as teaching and learning objects for English as Foreign Language. In the theoretical field, this work try to retrieve the importance of lexical teaching and learning processes within Foreign Language (henceforth FL) learning contexts, specially, considering the role that hypermedia may enact in lexical learning through reading (Souza 2004, Braga and Souza 2007). On the theoretical grounds yet, the advantages for adopting a conexionist language approach are discussed in order to explain FL learning phenomena in digital contexts (Waring 1996, Nelson 2013). Hypermedia Information Processing models are presented (Mayer 2001, Hede 2002), as well as memory models (Baddeley 2003, McClelland et al. 1995). Methodologically, this is a quasi experimental research, that tried to control the presence and absence of hypermedia resources in FL computer mediated reading environments. The experiment was applied in a federal university from Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais State – Brazil) to 60 voluntary participants, 30 in the experimental group, and 30 in the control group. For analysis effects, the most important data was those collected using vocabulary knowledge tests. The data were submitted to simple quantitative methods. The data analysis point out that on the short term, both reading environments turned out similar results, promoting lexical learning and lexical retention. However, the long-term results showed that the lexical retention in the experimental group was qualitatively better than the control group, this point out that hypermedia may have played some positive effects for lexical learning and lexical retention in memory.