L’importance que revêt la localisation des entreprises dans le fonctionnement et la compétitivité de celles-ci amène à porter l’attention sur la problématique des clusters et l’influence qu’ils peuvent avoir sur la production de connaissances. À travers une perspective théorique qui repose sur la prise en compte des travaux portant sur les districts industriels et ceux plus récents, sur les clusters, nous mettons en évidence une évolution conceptuelle du phénomène de la localisation des entreprises. La place qu’occupe la production de connaissances constitue désormais un élément central des travaux récents qui portent sur les districts et les clusters industriels. Notre examen des dynamiques de fonctionnement de ces systèmes permet d’affirmer que la production de connaissances est une caractéristique centrale des clusters ainsi que leur principal avantage compétitif. Étroitement liée aux réseaux inter-organisationnels, la production de connaissances n’est pas un phénomène naturel, elle découle des mécanismes intrinsèques aux clusters, qu’on cherche à mettre en évidence. Pour ce faire, notre méthodologie qui emprunte les principaux repères de l’analyse stratégique des organisations conduit à l’étude du fonctionnement concret d’un réseau local d’innovation, constitué d’entreprises et d’institutions locales présentes dans le cluster montréalais de l’aérospatiale. Un réseau constitué par l’intermédiaire du Consortium de Recherche et d’Innovation en Aérospatiale du Québec, une institution centrale dans le fonctionnement de ce cluster. / The importance of the location of firms in their operational dynamic and competitiveness, leads us to focus our attention on the problem of clusters and the influence they can have on knowledge spillovers. Through a theoretical perspective based on the consideration of work on industrial districts and recently on clusters, our approach leads us to highlight a conceptual evolution of the phenomenon of the business location. The place of knowledge spillovers has become a central element of recent studies that focus on industrial districts and clusters. Our examination of the organizational dynamics of these systems allows us to assert that knowledge spillovers are a central feature of clusters as well as their main competitive advantage. Although closely related to inter-organizational networks, knowledge spillovers are not a natural phenomenon, it arises from mechanisms intrinsic to clusters, mechanisms we seek to highlight. To do so, our methodology that borrows the main landmarks of the strategic analysis of organizations leads us to study the practical operation of a network of local innovation, consisting of local companies and institutions present in the Montreal cluster of aeronautics. This network was established through the Consortium for Research and Innovation in Aerospace in Quebec (CRIAQ), a central institution in the operation of the cluster.

Submitted by Alexandre Castanhola Gurgel (alfagurgel@gmail.com) on 2015-10-05T22:17:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Dissertação Alexandre Castanhola Gurgel 5 de outubro 2015.pdf: 4722861 bytes, checksum: 5014b8eaf60d5935b47c26d1d189e952 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2015-10-09T12:41:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Dissertação Alexandre Castanhola Gurgel 5 de outubro 2015.pdf: 4722861 bytes, checksum: 5014b8eaf60d5935b47c26d1d189e952 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-10-13T12:55:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Dissertação Alexandre Castanhola Gurgel 5 de outubro 2015.pdf: 4722861 bytes, checksum: 5014b8eaf60d5935b47c26d1d189e952 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-13T12:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Dissertação Alexandre Castanhola Gurgel 5 de outubro 2015.pdf: 4722861 bytes, checksum: 5014b8eaf60d5935b47c26d1d189e952 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-23 / Industrial development in the Organized Space (OS) has been given through public policies and private initiatives, bearing in mind, in some cases, to competitiveness factors for their respective implementation, other times not so much. The main objective of this study was to analyze the factors of competitiveness of the industrial districts of the State of Rio de Janeiro, contributing in this way by the results presented at the end of the work, to support new public policies and / or support to private initiatives, when the attraction, deployment, retention and expansion of industries and related businesses in these areas. The delimitation of the sample of Organized Spaces (OSs) was contingent on the availability of data and homogeneity of the sample, in this case, industrial districts in the state of Rio de Janeiro. In carrying out the stages of the project to achieve its main goal, intermediate steps were carried out as follows: Nomenclature of identification available for the types of OSs; preparation of proposal for the characterization of OSs; identifying competitiveness factors of existing OSs in the state of Rio de Janeiro; validation of competitiveness factors with the group interviewed government officials, municipalities, development agencies and executives of companies operating in the studied areas; mapping of existing OSs in the state of Rio de Janeiro and analysis of these spaces competitive factors, with their correlations as creating jobs and attracting businesses. Finally, after analyzing the results, discussion and closing remarks showed trends that can be deepened in future support efforts to prepare the public and / or private strategies aimed at better utilization and use of OSs for the industrial development. / O desenvolvimento industrial no Espaço Organizado (EO) tem se dado através de políticas públicas e iniciativas privadas, atendendo, em alguns casos, aos fatores de competitividade para sua respectiva implementação, outras vezes nem tanto. O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma análise dos fatores de competitividade dos distritos industriais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, contribuindo, dessa forma, através dos resultados apresentados ao final do trabalho, para subsidiar novas políticas públicas e/ou suporte às iniciativas privadas, quando da atração, implantação, retenção e ampliação de indústrias e empresas correlacionadas, nesses espaços. A delimitação da amostra dos Espaços Organizados (EOs) foi definida em função da disponibilidade dos dados e homogeneidade da amostra, no caso, distritos industriais no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Na execução das etapas do projeto para o cumprimento do seu objetivo principal, foram realizadas etapas intermediárias na seguinte forma: identificação da nomenclatura disponível para os tipos de EOs existentes; elaboração de proposta para a caracterização dos EOs; identificação dos fatores de competitividade dos EOs existentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro; validação desses fatores de competitividade junto ao grupo entrevistado de representantes do governo, municípios, instituições de fomento e executivos das empresas em operação nas áreas estudadas; mapeamento dos EOs existentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e análise dos fatores de competitividade desses espaços, com suas correlações quanto a geração de emprego e atração de empresas. Por fim, após análise dos resultados, a discussão e as considerações finais apontaram tendências que poderão ser aprofundadas em futuros trabalhos de apoio na elaboração das estratégias públicas e/ou privadas que visam melhor aproveitamento e utilização dos EOs destinados ao desenvolvimento industrial.

The growth of the city of Aracaju, Northeast Brazil, brings questions about the occupation of urban spaces. In the case of this research, the starting point to study the cultural space created after the construction of the bridge linking the capital Aracaju the county of Barra Dos Coqueiros came from the Industrial District. Using an Ethnography done through field research, participant observation, interviews and questionnaires, relevant information was gathered about the “Sintonia Periférica” group, which occupies the space under the bridge in an artistic and political manifestation through the hip-hop movement. This research aimed to observe and analyze the way the young people of this town have been occupying and transforming the space, and the relationships that this artistic intervention in public spaces have with the reurbanization and growth of the city. To perceive the dimension of the relationships and their modes of action, consequent of urban restructuring, demonstrate the various possible ways of new forms of social and structural organization of the city, with relevance to the knowledge not only to social sciences, but also for the Public Administration and the community in general, because actions like these are daily response to the way the city has been ordered and its consequences in everyday life of its residents. / O crescimento da cidade de Aracaju, nordeste do Brasil, proporciona questionamentos acerca da ocupação dos espaços urbanos. No histórico dela, e no caso desta pesquisa, é no bairro Industrial que surge o ponto de partida para o estudo do espaço cultural criado após a construção da ponte que liga a capital Aracaju ao município da Barra dos Coqueiros. Mediante uma Etnografia feita através de pesquisa de campo, observação participante, entrevistas e questionários, foram colhidas informações relevantes a respeito do grupo ‘Sintonia Periférica’, que em uma manifestação artística e política ocupa o espaço embaixo da ponte por meio do movimento hip-hop. Tal pesquisa teve como principal objetivo observar e analisar a forma como os jovens dessa localidade vêm ocupando e transformando o espaço, e as relações que essa intervenção artística em espaços públicos têm com a reurbanização e o crescimento da cidade. Perceber a dimensão das relações e seus modos de ação consequentes da reestruturação urbana, demostram as várias maneiras possíveis de novas formas de organização social e estrutural da cidade, apresentando pertinência na construção de conhecimentos não somente para Ciências Sociais, mas também para a Administração Pública e a comunidade em geral, pois ações como essas são resposta diárias a maneira como a cidade vem sendo ordenada e as suas consequências na vida cotidiana de seus moradores.

The relevance is justified by the need to eliminate the following contradiction: - on the one hand, the world economic environment (WEE) has changed, the main characteristic of which has become the GVCs, and the current stage of world development the new generation of GVCs is already relevant; - on the other hand, the strategy for the development of the national economy in this new WEE poorly reflects the new realities of the WEE and allows us to supplement the concept of industrial regions as "territory for the placement of exporters 'enterprises" to the concept of "placement of links of GCS". The goal is to develop a theoretical approach and offer recommendations on the priorities of foreign economic development of the industrial regions of Russia on the basis of their integration into the industry GVCs. The object of research is the leading industrial regions of Russia (or industrial type) as part of the national economy and part of the GVCs. The subject of the study is the socio-economic relations arising from the interaction of structural elements of the Industrial district with the links of the GVCs. The scientific novelty consists in the promotion of a new scientific idea of integration of IR in the GCS and its theoretical justification, the meaning of which is the transition from the "forward-participation" model to the "backward-participation", as well as the proposal of indicators that allow you to determine the positioning of the intra-state region of industrial type through the prism of a specific industry. This complements the" in-country component " of scientific research in the field of GVCs-concepts and in relation to ID allows to supplement the concept of ID as a "territory for the placement of exporting enterprises" to the concept of "placement of GVCs links". / Актуальность обосновывается необходимостью устранения следующего противоречия: - с одной стороны, изменилась мирохозяйственная среда, основной характеристикой, которой стали ГЦДС, причем актуальной является уже ГЦДС нового поколения; - с другой стороны, стратегия развития национальной экономики в этой новой МХС в определенном смысле (а ИР является частью национальной экономической структуры) медленно и слабо отражает новые реалии МХС, отношении ИР позволяет дополнить концепцию ИР как «территория для размещения предприятий экспортеров» к концепции «размещения звеньев ГЦДС». Цель – разработать теоретический подход и рекомендации по приоритетам внешнеэкономического развития индустриальных регионов России на основе их интеграции в отраслевые ГЦДС. Объект исследования – ведущие индустриальные регионы России (или промышленного типа) как часть национальной экономики и часть ГЦДС. Предмет исследования – социально-экономические отношения, возникающие при взаимодействии структурных элементов ИР со звеньями ГЦДС. Научная новизна состоит в выдвижении новой научной идеи интеграции ИР в ГЦС и ее теоретическом обосновании, смысл которой заключается в переходе от модели «forward» к «backward», а также предложении показателей, которые позволяют определить позиционирование внутригосударственного региона промышленного типа через призму конкретной отрасли и в предложении на этой основе приоритетов. Это дополняет «внутристрановую компоненту» научных исследований в области ГЦLС-концепций и в отношении ИР позволяет дополнить концепцию ИР как «территория для размещения предприятий экспортеров» к концепции «размещения звеньев ГЦС».