Thesis. 1976. M.C.P. cn--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 209-211. / by Hok Lin J. Leung. / M.C.P.cn

Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / In the case of an economical activity such as a distribution system, the distribution depot normally forms the nucleus of the network. The market place that is being served is not static and with the passing of time, due to the change in demand together with the change in the product range which is being offered, a tendency develops for the distribution point to move away from the nucleus of the network, thereby not representing the optimal location anymore. There is therefore a constant need for companies to determine whether their distribution system is suitable for their present, as well as their future trading circumstances. This factor together with the normal endeavour to minimise physical distribution costs, results in the need for a sophisticated approach to the whole problem of relocating distribution networks. The aim of this study is therefore to develop a basic model which will set out guidelines for the relocation of distribution centres. With the above mentioned in mind, the first step is a study of the theory to highlight and analyse applicable techniques and methods that could possibly be used in this model. The accent throughout this section is placed on well known and proven theories and techniques. The second part of this research focuses on the empirical study that forms the basis for the building of a relocation model. With the help of practical examples it is shown how to apply the model and each step is being highlighted and illustrated. The model that has been designed in this study clearly outlines the steps that enable the user to undertake and optimally apply a relocation study. Its application does not necessarily require highly trained personnel or complicated programming. It is therefore recommended that this model be applied in the case of the relocation of distribution centres. / In die geval van ekonomiese aktiwiteite soos 'n distribusiesisteem, vorm die verspreidingsdepot gewoonlik die kernpunt van die netwerk. Die markplek wat bedien word is egter nie staties nie en met die verloop van tyd, as gevolg van die verandering in die aanvraag tesame met die verandering in die produkreeks wat aangebied word, ontstaan daar 'n neiging dat die oorsponklike verspreidingspunt weg beweeg vanaf die kernpunt van die netwerk en dus nie meer die optimale liggging verteenwoordig nie. Daar is dus 'n konstante behoefte by maatskappye om te bepaal of hulle distribusiesisteme geskik is vir hulle huidige, sowel as toekomstige handelsomstandighede. Hierdie faktor, tesame met die normale strewe na minimalisering van fisiese distribusiekoste, het tot gevolg dat daar 'n behoefte bestaan aan 'n gesofistikeerde benadering tot die hele problematiek van vestiging van verspreidingsnetwerke. Die studie het dus ten doel die ontwikkeling van 'n basiese model wat riglyne daarstel vir die hervestiging van verspreidingsentra. Met bogenoemde in gedagte, is daar in die eerste plek 'n teoretiese studie onderneem wat toepaslike tegnieke en metodes wat moonlik in hierdie model opgeneem kon word, uitgelig en geanaliseer het. In hierdie gedeelte word die aksent deurentyd op bekende en bewese teoriee geplaas. Die tweede gedeelte van die navorsing fokus op die empiriese studie wat met die bou van 'n hervestigingsmodel gepaard gaan. Daar word aangetoon hoe om die model toe te pas en elke stap word met behulp van praktiese voorbeelde toegelig en verduidelik. Die model wat hier ontwikkel is le duidelike riglyne neer wat die verbruiker in staat stel om 'n hervestigingstudie aan te pak en optimaal toe te pas. Die toepassing daarvan vereis nie noodwendig hoogsopgeleide personeel of ingewikkelde programering nie en word daar gevolglik aanbeveel dat hierdie model toegepas word in die geval van die hervestiging van verspreidingsentra. / Business Management / D. Comm.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:16:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bordo_aa_me_prud.pdf: 2274588 bytes, checksum: e1175d5a0b4d8625ddf5307e742f634b (MD5) / Os eixos de desenvolvimento referem-se às grandes vias de circulação de pessoas, mercadorias, bens, serviços e informações, balizados por uma rede de centros urbanos, e que estimulam a localização das atividades industriais. No Estado de São Paulo, os eixos de desenvolvimento podem ser visualizados ao longo de importantes rodovias que fazem a ligação da metrópole paulista com o interior e que funcionaram como canais para a desconcentração urbano-industrial que se iniciou na década de 1970 e se intensificou na década de 1980. O eixo da rodovia Washington Luiz (trecho Araraquara São José do Rio Preto), duplicado no início da década de 1990, somente nos últimos anos passa a atuar como um dos fatores de localização industrial para o município de Itápolis na atração de algumas indústrias desconcentradas de outras regiões. No entanto, a maioria das indústrias de Itápolis é de capital local (70,37% das indústrias pesquisadas). Os principais ramos industriais observados na pesquisa foram as agroindústrias e as confecções. São indústrias classificadas como tradicionais ou de trabalho intensivo e estão ligadas aos antigos fatores de localização industrial, como a proximidade das matériasprimas e a disponibilidade de mão-de-obra. A economia de Itápolis é baseada fundamentalmente na agropecuária. O município possui o maior PIB agrícola do Brasil e foi responsável por 0,6% de toda a produção agrícola brasileira em 2002. Em 2003, a participação de Itápolis no valor adicionado da agricultura estadual foi de 1,8%. A citricultura é responsável pela geração de 80% do ICMS. O dinamismo da agricultura constitui-se em um importante atrativo para a atividade industrial, seja... / Development axles refer to big circulation routes of people, goods, services and information marked out by a network of urban centers, which foster industrial activities location. In the State of São Paulo, these development axles can be seen along important freeways that connect the capital with the country and they worked as channels for urban-industrial concentration changes, which began in the 70's and became stronger in the 80's. The axle of Washington Luiz freeway (between the cities of Araraquara and São José do Rio Preto), which was doubled at the beginning of the 90's, has only contributed to attract some industries from other areas to the district of Itápolis in the last few years. However, most of the industries in the town were born with local investment (70.37% of the ones researched). The main industrial branches observed were agriculture-industry and clothes. They can be considered traditional or intensive work and are linked to old factors of industrial location, such as being close to raw materials and work force availability. Itápolis economy is essentially based in agriculture. The district has the highest agricultural GDP of Brazil, being responsible for 0.6% of the Brazilian agricultural production in 2002. In 2003, its participation in the state agriculture was 1.8%. The citrus culture is responsible for producing 80% of ICMS (Brazilian tax over goods and services movement). A dynamic agriculture fully attracts industrial activity in the...(Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:15:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daiane Marani Gotardo.pdf: 1455938 bytes, checksum: 301c37acdf35e73f40ba783a46fff021 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 / The spatial location of industries and the decision process for the industrial activities location are studied as an economic problem and according to the literature there are many factors that influence the choice for a location of an industrial firm, which often changes according to industrial segment. The empirical work about determinants of the industrial location usually vary by different levels and units of analysis, factors that impact the location decision change depending on the type of industry, and the availability of factors to be dynamic over time and space . Some issues are still being reformulated in different models because of this variability mentioned above, including for the Brazilian case which has been questioned if the agglomeration is really the dominant force in the location decision, if labour and land costs matter, if large markets are more efficient for Locating Industries, if different sectors with different technological intensities in fact are so different as its location choices and also if the transportation costs are still relevant. In this sense, the present paper sought to discover which are the most important factors for the industrial location in Brazil among many facts that has been shown in the literature, working on the premise that the industries establish a place based on the profit maximization. Therefore analyzing factors that influence the location of industries in Brazil is also to seek for indicators about the Brazilian future potential of growth regions, because in order to receive investments in the area from the industrial sector, one must present high levels of profitability. The analysis was done using the multinomial and multilevel logit model, by technological level of the industries for the Brazilian mesoregions. Having main results, the importance of the technology levels on the industrial location as well as the agglomeration economies was confirmed. / A localização espacial das indústrias, juntamente com o processo de decisão locacional das atividades industriais, é estudada como um problema econômico e, conforme a literatura, há inúmeros fatores capazes de influenciar a escolha do local de instalação de uma firma industrial, os quais na maioria das vezes diferem conforme o segmento da indústria. Os trabalhos empíricos sobre determinantes da localização industrial costumam variar amplamente em virtude de abordarem diferentes níveis e unidades de análise, de os fatores que impactam a decisão locacional mudarem conforme o tipo da indústria e, da disponibilidade de fatores ser dinâmica ao longo do tempo e espaço. Dada essa variabilidade, algumas questões básicas continuam sendo reformuladas em diferentes modelos, inclusive para o caso brasileiro: A aglomeração é de fato a força dominante na decisão locacional? Custos de trabalho e da terra importam? Grandes mercados são mais eficientes para a localização de indústrias? Diferentes setores, com diferentes intensidades tecnológicas, de fato são tão diferentes quanto as suas escolhas locacionais? Os custos de transporte ainda são relevantes? Nesse sentido, o presente estudo buscou averiguar quais os fatores mais importantes para a localização industrial no Brasil, dentre os muitos apontados pela literatura, partindo da premissa de que as indústrias definem um local com base na maximização do lucro. Analisar fatores que influenciam a localização das indústrias no Brasil é, portanto, buscar indicações sobre o potencial crescimento futuro das regiões brasileiras, pois, para que determinada região receba investimentos do setor industrial, deve apresentar níveis de lucratividade elevados. A análise foi feita por meio do modelo logit multinomial e multinível, por nível tecnológico das indústrias para as mesorregiões brasileiras. Como principais resultados, confirmou-se a importância dos níveis de tecnologia sobre a localização industrial, bem como das economias de aglomeração.

The Inland Empire offers many advantages for business. This project documents how the Inland Empire is a suitable area to start and grow a business due to its reasonable space and labor costs, educated work force, infrastructure advantages and easy accessibility to freeways, ports, railroads and airports.

The factor determinants of industry and investment location patterns in transition economies can be expected to differ from those frequently observed in developed countries. Historically, centrally planned economies have suffered from inefficient industrial policies that are generally assumed to have had distortive effects on spatial location of industry. The process of economic transition and regional integration that followed the demise of socialist structures is assumed to have subsequently affected the geographical distribution of economic activities within and between countries of the region. Given the above this thesis capitalises on the quasi-natural experiment setting to further explore industry and investment location decisions in transition economies. In particular, the research presented here follows three main objectives. First, it intends to provide a comprehensive picture of changes in industry location patterns over time. Second, it aims to contribute to the debate on factor determinants of industry location at various levels of spatial aggregation. Third, it seeks to explore location determinants of foreign direct investors in particular, given their pivotal role for economic development of transition economies. In all instances, the research is geared towards a better understanding of the role of institutional factors, such as reforms and policies, in affecting distribution of economic activity across space. Thus, the work conducted qualifies as a further contribution to the analysis of structural changes that have affected the economies under examination. In broad terms, the findings presented here point towards significant changes in spatial location patterns of industry and investments that are leading to increased polarisation of economic landscape over time. Nonetheless, we find evidence that certain institutional factors qualify as viable policy levers, thereby providing ample scope for policy makers to impact existing location patterns of economic activity.

The north shore of the North Arm of the Fraser River represents the Southern boundary of the City of Vancouver. This boundary has been crucial to the development of Vancouver as a city that strives on natural resource processing and shipping. This industrial heritage along the North Fraser has provided Vancouver with a substantial portion of its revenue and tax base since the 1800's, but is currently under threat by land developers and residential pressures. With this development pressure comes the increased lure of immediate revenue, increased public use of the waterfront, and an increase in market housing within the city limits. However, this pressure will also result in a loss of economic sustainability and long-term revenue dollars. This is a trend that is occurring throughout the lower mainland, encouraging a commuter environment and a dissociation between place of work and place of residence. This thesis seeks to combat this issue and will illustrate that it is not only desirable, but necessary to sustain urban resource-based industry along the North Fraser. Through the implementation of a Greenway design, the thesis will prove that the portion of the North Fraser that lies between the Knight Street Bridge and the Oak Street Bridge can retain its industrial character, while becoming more inclusive of the cultural/social needs of a growing population and recognizing environmental concerns. The implementation of a public recreational Greenway will enhance the quality of the area, thereby drawing users both within and beyond the surrounding community to take advantage of a great resource that is often forgotten or hidden by intensive industrial frontage. At the same time, the Greenway will provide opportunities for education and awareness that will highlight the values and benefits of an industrial infrastructure along the North Fraser. Finally, the thesis will prove that such an endeavour is not only sustainable in a cultural and economic sense, but that a Greenway has the capacity to provide a rehabilitated ecological condition that will sustain a valuable and fragile ecosystem.

This thesis addresses two questions to understand the current situation of technology in Atlanta: Is Atlanta an ideal location for a technology cluster to form? Does a true technology cluster exist in Atlanta? According to cluster literature, there are seven characteristics required for emerging clusters: a high-quality, powerful research university; a skilled labor pool; funding (R&D, venture capital, etc.); favorable policies; linkages; certain city characteristics; and luck. There also are several somewhat-vague characteristics that show success in a cluster. Among these are agglomeration, innovation (where funding and employment are two measures of innovation), and growth. In order to provide a comprehensive assessment of the answers to the two questions, a mixture of summary statistics, shallow case studies, previous analysis, and comparisons of Atlanta with other clusters are blended together to assess Atlanta's performance on each of the characteristics outlined in theory. Where possible, more than one of these measures are used. Of the seven necessary characteristics of cluster creation set out by theory, Atlanta seems to have achieved a passing grade regarding research university, labor pool, and city characteristics, but has a failing grade on policy and linkages. One interesting finding is that Atlanta receives a strong amount of venture capital investment in start-ups but is lacking in later stage companies. Atlanta's success as a cluster is dubious. It has proven somewhat successful in start-ups and in the so-called "Level II" technology companies that have lower levels of technology-oriented jobs and that tend to be more manufacturing focused. It is also possible that a technology cluster is forming in Atlanta, but that it is still in its infancy. With regard to policy, it is recommended that Atlanta gain certain policies that will allow for the characteristics of cluster formation (particularly investment and linkages--since those are the areas where Atlanta is or possibly is lacking) and replace policies that will hinder the growth of technology and investment in the technology industries.

Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Issues relating to globalization and the rise of the New Economy have received much attention from academics. Renewed emphasis has been placed on the importance of locality and cities are seen as gateways to ensuring a competitive role in the global economy. In South Africa, local economic development (LED) approaches are increasingly reflecting market-driven entrepreneurialism as cities compete to attract investment. This has, however, caused the decline of economies of already lagging regions, widening regional disparities. Statistical evidence confirms the opinion that the service sector has become a leading contributor to national and regional economic growth, both internationally and in South Africa. Synonymous with the knowledge-based economy is the dependence of this sector on innovation and highly skilled human capital as drivers of competitiveness and development. As a result, the role of universities as producers of knowledge and educated labour has received much attention. The perceived geographic “footloose” nature of knowledge-based industries has also led some to believe in their potential to reduce the disparities between cities and small towns or peripheral locations. Evidence show, however, that knowledge-based service industries still tend to cluster in major metropolitan areas. Though the importance of the knowledge-based service sector has been acknowledged by academics and government, a lack of empirical research still exist on the decision-making processes determining the choice of location of South African companies. Research has indicated the medium-sized town of Stellenbosch in South Africa to have a high level of growth potential. The town is also the location of a well-established IT and knowledge-based service sector. For the purpose of this study, a database was compiled of a research population of 329 knowledge-based service industries operational in Stellenbosch, after which surveys were distributed amongst the entire population. Data generated from 104 completed questionnaires provided a deepened understanding of the nature of these industries of which the majority is single-branch businesses situated in Stellenbosch due to the fact that it was the owners or key role players’ home town during the time of establishment. Other notable trends such as the growth in the number of international head offices in the knowledge-based service sector, the availability of highly skilled labour, and proximity to important clients, further highlights the reasoning behind the decision of knowledge-based companies to locate in Stellenbosch specifically. Finally, the existing linkages between Stellenbosch University and these industries - specifically the IT and engineering sector - receives attention.

Submitted by Alexandre Castanhola Gurgel (alfagurgel@gmail.com) on 2015-10-05T22:17:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Dissertação Alexandre Castanhola Gurgel 5 de outubro 2015.pdf: 4722861 bytes, checksum: 5014b8eaf60d5935b47c26d1d189e952 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2015-10-09T12:41:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Dissertação Alexandre Castanhola Gurgel 5 de outubro 2015.pdf: 4722861 bytes, checksum: 5014b8eaf60d5935b47c26d1d189e952 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-10-13T12:55:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Dissertação Alexandre Castanhola Gurgel 5 de outubro 2015.pdf: 4722861 bytes, checksum: 5014b8eaf60d5935b47c26d1d189e952 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-13T12:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Dissertação Alexandre Castanhola Gurgel 5 de outubro 2015.pdf: 4722861 bytes, checksum: 5014b8eaf60d5935b47c26d1d189e952 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-23 / Industrial development in the Organized Space (OS) has been given through public policies and private initiatives, bearing in mind, in some cases, to competitiveness factors for their respective implementation, other times not so much. The main objective of this study was to analyze the factors of competitiveness of the industrial districts of the State of Rio de Janeiro, contributing in this way by the results presented at the end of the work, to support new public policies and / or support to private initiatives, when the attraction, deployment, retention and expansion of industries and related businesses in these areas. The delimitation of the sample of Organized Spaces (OSs) was contingent on the availability of data and homogeneity of the sample, in this case, industrial districts in the state of Rio de Janeiro. In carrying out the stages of the project to achieve its main goal, intermediate steps were carried out as follows: Nomenclature of identification available for the types of OSs; preparation of proposal for the characterization of OSs; identifying competitiveness factors of existing OSs in the state of Rio de Janeiro; validation of competitiveness factors with the group interviewed government officials, municipalities, development agencies and executives of companies operating in the studied areas; mapping of existing OSs in the state of Rio de Janeiro and analysis of these spaces competitive factors, with their correlations as creating jobs and attracting businesses. Finally, after analyzing the results, discussion and closing remarks showed trends that can be deepened in future support efforts to prepare the public and / or private strategies aimed at better utilization and use of OSs for the industrial development. / O desenvolvimento industrial no Espaço Organizado (EO) tem se dado através de políticas públicas e iniciativas privadas, atendendo, em alguns casos, aos fatores de competitividade para sua respectiva implementação, outras vezes nem tanto. O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma análise dos fatores de competitividade dos distritos industriais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, contribuindo, dessa forma, através dos resultados apresentados ao final do trabalho, para subsidiar novas políticas públicas e/ou suporte às iniciativas privadas, quando da atração, implantação, retenção e ampliação de indústrias e empresas correlacionadas, nesses espaços. A delimitação da amostra dos Espaços Organizados (EOs) foi definida em função da disponibilidade dos dados e homogeneidade da amostra, no caso, distritos industriais no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Na execução das etapas do projeto para o cumprimento do seu objetivo principal, foram realizadas etapas intermediárias na seguinte forma: identificação da nomenclatura disponível para os tipos de EOs existentes; elaboração de proposta para a caracterização dos EOs; identificação dos fatores de competitividade dos EOs existentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro; validação desses fatores de competitividade junto ao grupo entrevistado de representantes do governo, municípios, instituições de fomento e executivos das empresas em operação nas áreas estudadas; mapeamento dos EOs existentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e análise dos fatores de competitividade desses espaços, com suas correlações quanto a geração de emprego e atração de empresas. Por fim, após análise dos resultados, a discussão e as considerações finais apontaram tendências que poderão ser aprofundadas em futuros trabalhos de apoio na elaboração das estratégias públicas e/ou privadas que visam melhor aproveitamento e utilização dos EOs destinados ao desenvolvimento industrial.