Yes / Objective: The increasing prevalence of malignant disease has been associated with shifts in environmental, socioeconomic, and lifestyle risk factors as well as increased adult lifespan. We examine the relationship between malignant neoplasms affecting bone, age and industrialization. Materials: Pre-existing skeletal data from 11 medieval (1066-1547, n=8,973) and 14 industrial (1700-1890, n=4,748) cemeteries (N=13,721) from England. Methods: Context number, sex, age-at-death, evidence of skeletal malignancy, and diagnosis were collated. The data were compared using chi square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and logistic regression (α=0.01). Results: There was a statistically significant increase in skeletal malignancy from 0.06% in the medieval sample to 0.36) in the industrial sample (p< 0.001). Age had a strong relationship with malignancy (p = 0.003), sex did not (p = 0.464). Logistic regression revealed that time-period (p < 0.001) was a stronger predictor of skeletal malignancy than age-at-death (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Our results confirm that even with the temporal increase in adult human lifespan the increase of malignant neoplasms of bone between the medieval and industrial time periods is still statistically significant. Significance: The augmented exposure to carcinogens and pollution during the Industrial Revolution had a strong effect on an individual’s susceptibility to developing malignant disease of bone. Limitations: This meta-analysis relies upon previously gathered data and diagnosis from a large number of researchers and did not include radiographic or CT screening. Only malignant neoplasms that affected bone could be included. Suggestions for further research: Increasing excavation and analysis of post-medieval cemeteries will provide more data. Multimethod approaches (radiography, CT, Micro-CT and histology) are encouraged.

Yes

Este trabalho é um estudo para conhecimento de como evoluiu a aplicação e utilização, na arquitetura e na construção civil, das tecnologias de produção a partir da Revolução Industrial. Especialmente entender por quê , até hoje, as pesquisas, propostas e realizações de arquitetura industrializada são modelos que permanecem isoladas e marginais ao processo de industrialização.Apresenta breves históricos das tecnologias de produção e das propostas e realizações de arquitetura industrializada, o suficiente para se ter uma visão geral e poder entender os conceitos e definições sobre assuntos que fazem parte do universo de referencia da industrialização da construção.Termina com um assunto ainda novo em arquitetura, a Modularidade, mas sem indicar caminhos para a sua aplicação . / This dissertation studies knowledge about production technologies, and how this knowledge evolves into application and utilization in architecture and civil construction, in the historical period after the Industrial Revolution. We try to understand why, to this day, research, proposals and realizations in industrialized architecture are models that stay apart from the industrial process. We follow short reports about production technologies and about the proposals, experiences and construction in industrialized architecture, in order to understand the concepts and definitions in industrialized construction. The last chapter shows a new issue in architecture, Modularity.

The automotive industry is conservative and doesn’t take enough responsibility in emerging markets. Thus, countries such asChina and India have experienced huge problems with pollution as they have increased their living standards and enteredthe western consumption society. In these booming economies there are still people who live their lives according to oldcustoms, in small sustainable societies. It is also they who suffer most from the ongoing urbanization. Hence the automotiveindustry should rather adapt to their cultures than let these people adjust to the consumption society.Now, imagine a third industrial revolution where sustainable energy and manufacturing set the standards for production.Africa is then in the forefront when it comes to alternative and sustainable solutions. Maasaica is a concept from BMW whichis locally built in Serengeti using 3D printing technology, degradable materials and traditional handcraft.

Habilitationsschrift--Göttingen, 1977. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 301-320) and index.

Habilitationsschrift--Göttingen, 1977. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 301-320) and index.

Este trabalho é um estudo para conhecimento de como evoluiu a aplicação e utilização, na arquitetura e na construção civil, das tecnologias de produção a partir da Revolução Industrial. Especialmente entender por quê , até hoje, as pesquisas, propostas e realizações de arquitetura industrializada são modelos que permanecem isoladas e marginais ao processo de industrialização.Apresenta breves históricos das tecnologias de produção e das propostas e realizações de arquitetura industrializada, o suficiente para se ter uma visão geral e poder entender os conceitos e definições sobre assuntos que fazem parte do universo de referencia da industrialização da construção.Termina com um assunto ainda novo em arquitetura, a Modularidade, mas sem indicar caminhos para a sua aplicação . / This dissertation studies knowledge about production technologies, and how this knowledge evolves into application and utilization in architecture and civil construction, in the historical period after the Industrial Revolution. We try to understand why, to this day, research, proposals and realizations in industrialized architecture are models that stay apart from the industrial process. We follow short reports about production technologies and about the proposals, experiences and construction in industrialized architecture, in order to understand the concepts and definitions in industrialized construction. The last chapter shows a new issue in architecture, Modularity.

Magister Legum - LLM / Across the world, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)1 is disrupting the law.2 The 4IR has specifically disrupted commercial law in areas such as banking,3 competition,4 consumer protection,5 contract,6 insurance,7 labour,8 and personality.9 In addition, company law has also substantially been impacted by the 4IR. Leading legal scholars refer to this process of transformation as the ‘Digitalisation of Company Law’.10 More specifically, the scholars attribute the transformation to technological advancements.

Yes / In AD 1836, the General Register Office (GRO) was established to oversee the national system of civil registration in England and Wales, recording all births, deaths and marriages. Additional data regarding population size, division size and patterns of occupation within each division permit urban and rural areas (and those with both urban and rural characteristics, described here as ‘mixed’) to be directly compared to each other. The annual Reports of the Registrar General summarize the collected data, including cause of and age at death, which is of particular value to historical demographers and bioarcheologists, allowing us to investigate demographic patterns in urban and rural districts in the nineteenth century. Overall, this paper aims to highlight how this documentary evidence can supplement osteological and paleopathological data to investigate how urbanization affected the health of past populations. It examines the data contained within the first Registrar General report (for 1837-8), in order to assess patterns of mortality of diverse rural, urban, and mixed populations within England and Wales at a point in time during a period of rapid urbanization. It shows that urban and mixed districts typically had lower life expectancy and different patterns in cause of death compared to rural areas. The paper briefly compares how the documentary data differs from information regarding health from skeletal populations, focusing on the city of London, highlighting that certain age groups (the very young and very old) are typically underrepresented in archeological assemblages and reminding us that, while the paleopathological record offers much in terms of chronic health, evidence of acute disease and importantly cause of death can rarely be ascertained from skeletal remains. / This research was funded by the Royal Society of London (Grant Reference IES\R1\180138) and supported by the University of Bradford and SUNY Plattsburgh.

Library conference presentation / Today, academic libraries are not only providing access to books and space to users, but they also offer a digital environment that enables patrons to use the library without visiting them physically. Like living organisms, libraries are influenced by external pressures to constantly evolve, including, changing information technology environment and greater dependence on web-based services. Some large academic libraries, for example, use automated robots in combination with RFID technology and data from the library’s bibliographic and holdings records to retrieve from storage and deliver books that have been requested by users. Whilst this application of technology is newer for libraries, it is not cutting-edge for the industry. However, it is an example of how libraries are already making use of the processes that are arising out of developments, which are increasingly part of the new industrial revolution. It seems reasonable to expect that in the future, as we will see increasing use of Industry 4.0 style technologies and processes applied to the execution of routine library work and services for patrons. The new requirement for universities is to be able to track the skills demands within the industry and move quickly to make sure that students leave their education ready to add real value to business internationally. Since academic libraries are part of a university set-up, they exist to serve the goals of its organization. Therefore, every library programme must and should support universities total programme