1 Annotation Industry 4.0, also known as "the fourth industrial revolution" consisting of the digitization and automation of industry, is a relatively new topic in the Czech media field. Not so new topic is digitization in general, which is a process of implementing digital technologies in various areas of production and society. Over time, the arguments of both academic sides, optimists and critics of digital progress were stabilized in two antagonistic paradigms, with both groups of arguments can be found in the media discourse. The work will also examine the neutral approach, which does not benefit from any of the extreme opposites. The thesis will examine the overall framing of the topic and the similarity between media presentation and academic literature. Participants in the academic debate on the digital age can be found, among others, among digital media theorists. They can in principle be divided into two main parties. Optimists (Negroponte, Jenkins, Mařík) in principle support the new possibilities that digitization brings, while critics (McChesney, Spitzer, Morozov) point out that digital progress is dangerous. On the one hand, digital progress and robotization is being showed as a benefit, but on the other hand, academics warn against the fall of society and the negative side of the digital age....

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After the Second World War, the service sector in many countries, including the highly developed and the developing countries, started growing and making up the bulk of the economies of those countries. Some of the factors for that radical change are: the changing patterns of government ownership and regulation, privatization, technological innovations, servitization, internationalization, globalization, etc. The purpose of this article is to investigate and to suggest a classification of the existing literature in the field of service economy. The results of the systematic review of the area of the service economy are presented in a thematic order. Moreover, the findings are connected with the economical schools of thought - welfare state and neoliberalism. The key findings reveal that the social, economic, and technological changes brought by the Third Industrial Revolution were essential for the dissemination and development of the service sector.

The thesis is aimed at two different teaching methods, which are compared not only from the viewpoint of their positives and negatives, but also their effectiveness is valuated. One thematic unit from the history curriculum at lower-secondary school is chosen and two different methods are applied, one is based on lecture method, the other one involves project teaching. The effectiveness of the methods is ascertained on the basis of applying these methods in two teaching classes of elementary school. The common thematic unit is Industrial Revolution. According to the number of points every pupil achieves in the didactical test, the class with project teaching turned out better, however the difference was not so prominent. Important is that the effectiveness of both methods cannot be measured based only on number of obtained points. For this reason the author uses another evaluation of methods based on the Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives. By analysing the pupil's answers it was ascertained, that the pupils using the project teaching achieved (apart from factual knowledge) also the procedural and conceptual knowledge, which was found in their answer formulations. These pupils have better understood the deeper relationships and the general context of the subject. In the class, where the...

A Indústria 4.0 surge com o objetivo de desenvolver fábricas inteligentes, com alto grau de autonomia e flexibilidade, através da adoção de tecnologias digitais de forma integrada nas empresas e suas cadeias de valor. Ao mesmo tempo, a Indústria 4.0 promove benefícios que vão além da performance operacional, como o desenvolvimento de novas ofertas e novos modelos de negócios para as empresas. A Indústria 4.0 é originada na Alemanha, país com alta performance tecnológica, e rapidamente inspira outras iniciativas no mundo inteiro, inclusive em países emergentes como o Brasil. Estes países possuem maiores barreiras para a adoção das tecnologias relacionadas ao conceito, principalmente devido à atual situação tecnológica dos seus parques industriais. Embora a Indústria 4.0 seja um tema crescente na literatura, ainda existem grandes lacunas de estudo sobre a adoção de tecnologias relacionadas ao conceito no contexto de países emergentes, principalmente por se tratar de uma iniciativa recente. Logo, o objetivo desta dissertação é estudar o conceito da Indústria 4.0 no Brasil, de forma a entender quais são os benefícios do conceito para a performance industrial e as tecnologias habilitadoras. O trabalho tem uma abordagem quantitativa, com análises estatísticas aplicadas em dados de pesquisas surveys conduzidas em nível nacional. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: (i) identificação da relação entre as tecnologias e os benefícios esperados do conceito, (ii) identificação de disparidades entre a percepção industrial brasileira e a literatura sobre os benefícios da Indústria 4.0, (iii) identificação da abrangência do conceito da Indústria 4.0, compreendendo elementos que transcendem a manufatura avançada, e (iv) identificação de tecnologias habilitadoras para a implantação do conceito. Sob a perspectiva acadêmica, esta dissertação traz importantes contribuições para o entendimento do conceito e das tecnologias da Indústria 4.0, assim como o impacto destas na performance industrial. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados auxiliam na compreensão de um tema de alta relevância empresarial, contribuindo com perspectivas para a diretriz estratégica das empresas à Indústria 4.0. / Industry 4.0 arises with the goal to develop smart factories, with advanced autonomy and flexibility, through the adoption of digital technologies in an integrated manner in companies and in their value chains. The Industry 4.0enables benefits beyond operational performance, as the development of new offerings and new business models for companies. Industry 4.0 was developed in Germany, a country with high technological performance, and quickly inspires other initiatives in the whole world, in developed and emergent countries such as Brazil. These countries face major barriers for the adoption of technologies related to the concept, mainly due to the current technological level of their industrial sites. Even though Industry 4.0 is a growing field in literature, there are still considerable gaps of studies about the adoption of technologies related to the concept in the context of emergent countries, mostly due to its novelty. Therefore, this dissertation aims to study the concept of Industry 4.0 in Brazil, in order to understand its benefits for industrial performance and its enabling technologies. This study has a quantitative approach, with statistical analysis of data from national surveys. The main outcomes obtained were: (i) the identification of a relation between technologies and the expected benefits of the concept, (ii) the identification of disparities between Brazilian industrial perception and the literature about Industry 4.0 benefits, (iii) the identification of a wide scope of Industry 4.0 concept, comprising elements that transcends smart manufacturing, and (iv) the identification of enabling technologies for the implementation of the concept. Under academic perspective, this dissertation brings important contributions to understand the Industry 4.0 concept and technologies, and its impact on industrial performance. As practical contributions, the results contribute for the understandings of a high relevant theme for companies, contributing with perspectives for their strategical orientation towards Industry 4.0.

“It is change, continuing change, inevitable change, that is the dominant factor in society today.”Isaac AsimovThe development in technology and the adaptation to strategies and production techniques has led the textile industry to a completely different path, to the one on which it was for decades. The current scenario shows the world at the verge of total transition. But this much advancement is not consistent. The countries across the globe can be divided into two distinct groups, developed and the developing countries. So is also the case with the development and the advancement within these countries and the one country Pakistan which is the focus in this paper.The countries which were at the forefront in expansion and development during the industrial revolution are now leading the textile industry in all aspects and the developing countries which realized the importance of textile industry quite late, are now following the footsteps of these countries. Still there is a huge gap between their approaches and strategies, and that concerns not only the technology but other constituents of society such as education, policies and infrastructure etc.The basic thinking and objective behind the study was to identify the strategies of the Pakistani textile and clothing industry with the consequences and results as a response of these adopted strategies. The textile and clothing industry of Pakistan has always been the backbone of the country’s economy. It contributes 54% of total exports and 46% of total manufacturing income which shows the importance of this industry in the overall economy of the country. So, in order to sustain and also to increase the current contribution level, it is necessary to sustain a certain level of competency and to increase this level either by improving the system, strategies, infrastructure or policies with or without the help of government.The technology up-gradation has not only simplified the processes but also has helped different industries to extract favorable results and to shape the things according to the desires and needs. But still there are regions where the main focus of the textile industry is not on further development in the textile field but to sustain a specific level of production which they are doing by containing a certain level of technology and equipment to run their industry such as in Pakistan, while on the other hand the developing countries are involved in much more intensive development in textile field exemplified by smart and intelligent textiles, nano technology, bio mimics and tissue engineering.In order to achieve the results, an extensive and detailed search was done which was then analyzed and finally interpreted to find the desired outcome. The study showed wide differences between the general approach and strategies of people and the industry of Pakistani textile and clothing industry from its main competitors in the same region of Asia and with the other countries. / Program: Magisterutbildning i Applied Textile Management

Between 1813 and 1825 the Boston Manufacturing Company built a textile factory in Waltham, Massachusetts. Their factory is known for many important firsts in American industry, including the first commercially viable power loom, one of the first vertically integrated factories, and one of the first join stock financed manufacturing concerns. This successful factory became the direct model for the large textile mills built along the Merrimack River and elsewhere, iconic locations of American post-colonial industrialization. This dissertation looks at the early development and success of the Boston Manufacturing Company from a geographical perspective. It argues that in order build a successful factory, the company, its managers, and its workers, had to transform their "place": a notion that I investigate from an economic-geographical and anthropological point of view, moving from site, to landscape, to geographic networks. On these grounds, I show how the logic of the factory's development was both embedded in and shaping the emerging structures surrounding it, and how, in turn, the company’s later move to Lowell as one of the iconic industrial sites depended on its having successfully learned the business of "place-making" in its foundational Waltham decade. / History of Science

The organization of work in the Western welfare states has made use of psychological know-how since the early twentieth century, for instance by making the practices of ‘psychotechnics’ and ‘human relations’ a part of the production apparatus. The last decades, however, have seen the development of a new economy based on information and communication technologies and with a related shift in organizational ideals from large hierarchical structures to networks of self-governing units – a change sometimes labelled the third industrial revolution. This development has meant new possibilities for the deployment of psychological knowledge in organizational management. The present study takes as its geographical starting point the greater Stockholm area in Sweden. Through a variant of multi-sited fieldwork it investigates the distribution of psychological know-how in and through different institutions – such as school, work life, health care – by which the average ‘worker-citizen’ is supposed to acquire a ‘psychological toolbox’, thus becoming a kind of amateur psychologist or therapist, ready and able to take responsibility for his or her own productivity, well-being and health. The study depicts this ideal of psychological self-regulation: its discourse and practices, and how it emerged as a part of the technological and organizational developments of the third industrial revolution.

This research assesses how political legislation served as the catalyst in the transformation of Massachusetts through four specific economic stages from 1763 to 1825: fishing, privateering, global maritime commerce, and textile manufacturing. The objective of this analysis is to examine how politics forced coastal merchants to invest their commercial wealth into the burgeoning interior textile industry of the New England hinterland. Vance's mercantile model best explains European settlement of New England since multiple communities developed along the Atlantic coastline of the Massachusetts Bay region. Boston, Salem, and Newburyport emerged as entrepots, which acted as intermediaries between Europe and the frontier. The methodology analyzes academic texts by historical geographers and on-site research through shiplogs in the archives at the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts. Merchant acumen, venture capital, and British technology transformed Massachusetts from the golden age of shipping to the birth of the industrial revolution in North America.