In this thesis, I argue the case for putting the industrial revolution back into literary accounts of the Romantic period. Writers of fiction played an important part in disseminating knowledge about the changes to technology and society, as well as helping to form the image of the newest social class: that of the industrial workers. Literature aspired to educate and integrate this class, as well as to influence the parallel process of educating the upper classes about the advent of the new manufacturing order. I have taken as the governing metaphor for industrialization that of 'white slavery', drawing the contrast to the contemporary movement to abolish black slavery. To illustrate the thesis, I have chosen six writers: three Romantic poets - Coleridge, Southey and Wordsworth - and three women educationalists - Hannah More, Maria Edgeworth and Harriet Martineau, each of whom represents a significant philosophical approach to a manufacturing society and who each made an important contribution to imaginative literature. Whilst the Romantic poets analysed industrialization as a divisive and demoralizing phenomenon and looked to the past for solutions, the educationalists responded to the challenge presented by the factory system by suggesting new visions of social relationships which bound moral and economic behaviour together. The thesis aspires to restore the voices of neglected women writers in the industrial debate with the aim of promoting a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the Romantic period and a fuller comprehension of its creative expression.

本文嘗試以 Bug Push 模型解釋英國工業革命成功之原因，首先分析英國工業革命前的歷史背景，再說明英國產生工業革命的條件因素，同時敘述工業革命對英國帶來的正面與負面影響，進而闡述中國可以產生工業革命的有利條件與阻礙條件。 由於宋代是中國歷史上最有可能發生工業化的朝代，本文嘗試剖析宋朝的政治經濟社會背景情況，解析宋朝不能工業化的原因，進而論述在現代的經濟體系下，一個國家可以產生工業化的條件。

Denna rapport går igenom den nya industriella revolution 4.0. Vi kommer se över hur den nya revolution 4.0 och process and producering industrin korrelerar. En genomgång av vad revolution 4.0 egentligen är, hur den är uppbyggd och vad den innebär. Vi kommer även gå igenom design aspekterna av ”industrie 4.0”. Parallellt med min undersökning av revolution 4.0 kommer jag att, på förteget Honeywell’s bekostnad, göra ett HMI till en PLC. Jag knyta ihop allt genom att visa parallellerna mellan centrala delar i revolutionen 4.0, så som kommunikations protokoll, och mitt projekt på Honeywell . / In this thesis we will look at the new industrial revolution 4.0. I will explain what the revolution 4.0 is, how it correlates with generic industrial automation and I will also present design aspects of the industrie 4.0 and central communication technologies that are in line with the industrial revolution 4.0. In parallel with the study and research of the revolution 4.0 – I will, on Honeywell’s behalf, make a demonstrational human machine interface for a programmable logic controller. You the reader will have a solid understanding of the hierarchies that are found in the process and manufacturing industry. And how central communication technologies of the industrial revolution 4.0 correlates with the Honeywell HMI/PLC project.

This dissertation builds on existing work by members of the ‘Occupational Structure of Britain 1379-1911’ project, led by Leigh Shaw-Taylor and E.A. Wrigley. It addresses three central problems of the project, namely (a) the lack of geographical and temporal coverage by the project’s existing data sources before the nineteenth century, (b) the allocation of the numerous men with the indistinct denominator of ‘labourer’ to occupational sectors, and (c) the correction of occupational structures derived from single-occupation denominators for the (presumed) ubiquity of dual employments in the early-modern world. The solutions to these problems result in a set of estimates for the male occupational structure of England and Wales between 1600 and 1850, in twenty-year time intervals, at the level of sectors (primary, secondary, tertiary) and sub-sectors (farmers, miners, textile workers, transport workers, etcetera), at national, regional, and local geographical scales. These estimates raise important questions regarding the validity of conclusions drawn in the highly influential national accounts literature. Firstly, they place the structural shift from agriculture to industry firmly in the seventeenth and, to a lesser degree, even the sixteenth century, well before the Industrial Revolution. This, in turn, means that productivity growth in the secondary sector during the Industrial Revolution must have been much higher than previously thought, and thereby also the effects of technological and organisational innovation. Secondly, it provides strong evidence that although economic developments during the eighteenth and early-nineteenth century may seem to have been limited and gradual at the national scale, this surface calm hides diverging regional developments which were anything but limited and gradual, held together by a persistently growing transport sector. The result was a regionally specialised yet integrated economy, firmly in place at the eve of the Industrial Revolution which – in light of the known role of small, specialised regions as incubators of technological innovation and novel forms of economic organisation in present-day economies – may well have contributed to Britain’s precocious transition to modern economic growth.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 toledo_eft_me_rcla.pdf: 994440 bytes, checksum: 97de1892f8de863962c60714a3e047e8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar a evolução da indústria na cidade de Bauru. A formação econômica do município foi fortemente marcada pelas culturas de exportação, do início do século XX, sendo os principais motores do início da industrialização bauruense. A expansão da cafeicultura e do algodão foi fortemente influenciada pela demanda internacional. O estudo constatou que a cidade de Bauru, como média cidade, possui infraestrutura suficiente para polarizar uma grande região no oeste paulista. Sendo o setor econômico mais representativo o comércio. A industrialização da cidade não esteve, diretamente, vinculada ao desenvolvimento da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Assim, o processo de formação do setor secundário teve elementos locacionais como fatores mais importantes para o crescimento industrial. A presença da infraestrutura de transportes e a localização, no centro do Estado de São Paulo, foram os fatores mais expressivos apontados pelos entrevistados e captados na pesquisa através dos questionários/formulários. Pela pesquisa, o município apresenta dois compartimentos distintos de ramos industriais. O primeiro compartimento é formado por empresas que são influenciadas pela agropecuária da região. O segundo grupo possui indústrias que não necessitam diretamente da agropecuária regional. / The present study aims at showing Bauru’s industrial evolution. The economic development of the city was strongly influenced by early twentieth century export culture, which was the engine of its industrialization. The expansion of coffee and cotton crops was profoundly guided by international demand. It was perceived within the study that the city of Bauru, as a medium size city, has got enough infrastructure to polarize a great share of the west area within São Paulo State. The city holds commerce as its most representative sector. The industrialization of Bauru wasn’t directly linked to the development of São Paulo city metropolitan area. Thus, the improvement of its secondary sector had local elements as important factors for industrial growth. The existing transport foundation at the time and its location in the heart of São Paulo State were the most expressive aspects pointed out by the people who were interviewed and it was also observed during the research through questionnaires and formularies. According to this investigation there are two different divisions in the city’s industrial field. The first one being formed by companies which are cattle-breeding influenced and the second being formed by companies which do not directly depend on local cattle-breeding industry maintain itself.

Orientador: Silvia Selingardi Sampaio / Banca: Silvio Carlos Bray / Banca: Eliseu Savério Sposito / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar a evolução da indústria na cidade de Bauru. A formação econômica do município foi fortemente marcada pelas culturas de exportação, do início do século XX, sendo os principais motores do início da industrialização bauruense. A expansão da cafeicultura e do algodão foi fortemente influenciada pela demanda internacional. O estudo constatou que a cidade de Bauru, como média cidade, possui infraestrutura suficiente para polarizar uma grande região no oeste paulista. Sendo o setor econômico mais representativo o comércio. A industrialização da cidade não esteve, diretamente, vinculada ao desenvolvimento da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Assim, o processo de formação do setor secundário teve elementos locacionais como fatores mais importantes para o crescimento industrial. A presença da infraestrutura de transportes e a localização, no centro do Estado de São Paulo, foram os fatores mais expressivos apontados pelos entrevistados e captados na pesquisa através dos questionários/formulários. Pela pesquisa, o município apresenta dois compartimentos distintos de ramos industriais. O primeiro compartimento é formado por empresas que são influenciadas pela agropecuária da região. O segundo grupo possui indústrias que não necessitam diretamente da agropecuária regional. / Abstract: The present study aims at showing Bauru's industrial evolution. The economic development of the city was strongly influenced by early twentieth century export culture, which was the engine of its industrialization. The expansion of coffee and cotton crops was profoundly guided by international demand. It was perceived within the study that the city of Bauru, as a medium size city, has got enough infrastructure to polarize a great share of the west area within São Paulo State. The city holds commerce as its most representative sector. The industrialization of Bauru wasn't directly linked to the development of São Paulo city metropolitan area. Thus, the improvement of its secondary sector had local elements as important factors for industrial growth. The existing transport foundation at the time and its location in the heart of São Paulo State were the most expressive aspects pointed out by the people who were interviewed and it was also observed during the research through questionnaires and formularies. According to this investigation there are two different divisions in the city's industrial field. The first one being formed by companies which are cattle-breeding influenced and the second being formed by companies which do not directly depend on local cattle-breeding industry maintain itself. / Mestre

This study explores the history of a group of London handicraftsmen, the multi-skilled millwrights, who were power-transmission mechanics and rudimentary engineers, from 1775-1825. It reveals an organised group of old-style journeymen, who had developed a powerful grip on all aspects of the trade itself, not just their terms and conditions (which were in the top bracket of London artisans of the time). This amounted to a power-sharing partnership with their masters who accepted this arrangement for decades of the late eighteenth century because of the millwrights' unique skills, quality work and organised power as a trade club. The millwrights as individual handicraftsmen varied from 'rough and ready rule of thumb' mechanics to ingenious mechanical and civil engineers. Many of these latter could design and erect complex buildings and infrastructure for water, wind or horse-driven mills and install the transmission millwork/gear wheels of the time. They were, in effect, a powerful guild to which many of the masters belonged. With the growing demand for larger and more complex power sources of the early industrial revolution, this traditional trade came under tremendous pressure to overcome the restrictions imposed by the journeymen millwrights, especially from the businesses who employed the masters as contractors. The study examines the previously unappreciated role of the London brewers, distillers and other manufacturers in pressurising the master millwrights to resist the power of their combined journeymen. It was this pressure which induced the master millwrights to bring to Parliament a Combination Bill seeking to outlaw the London Society of Journeymen Millwrights' trade club and replace them by wage regulation of the magistrates of the City and neighbouring Home Counties. This wider development is examined in detail. Those City employers were also prominent in the more successful 1812-14 bid to remove the medieval apprenticeship laws which then underpinned all journeymen's control of skilled labour supply. But it was the exigencies of the wars with the French from the 1800s which really drove the technological changes which undermined the millwrights' exclusive control of mechanical work, especially using the new, better quality fabrication of iron and machinery. This development is examined at the Portsmouth naval dockyard in 1805 and the spread of new engineering works in the London area thereafter. A new breed of engineering employer now emerged who were successful in breaking the millwrights' grip on the trade with greater control in larger establishments. They made a practice of employing/training non- or short-apprenticed skilled fitters, turners and a variety of other specialised engineering workers to do aspects of the more expensive and less tractable high-skilled millwrights with what became known as an Engineers' Economy. This little-known episode of early British engineering history was illustrated throughout with contemporary prints and drawings and pen-pictures of the key figures who became involved - John Rennie, James Watt and Henry Maudslay, to name but a few. An update and rewrite has recently been produced entitled, The Old London Artisans: the Millwrights 1775-1825.

The technological revolution that is currently underway is building on the foundations of machine learning, exponential speed of technological development and digitalization. Machines in near future will become cheaper and more efficient and will replace human workers in a wide range of disciplines. Diploma thesis summarizes the reasons and consequences of current technological development and presents an unconditional basic income as the tool for ensuring a sustainable level of social equality. Using the real numbers from the Czech Republic it shows that the introduction of an unconditional basic income is rather a problem of cultural and social than economic. Basic income in future may become an effective tool in the fight against human poverty, especially in the environment where demand for human labor becomes scarce.

Background It is believed that the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) will bring about unprecedented change to the world, ultimately having such a deep impact that some argue it may change human life at its core. It is believed that many organisations will not survive the radical disruption that will ensue. On the contrary, some authors have argued that the 4IR will bring about many benefits and opportunities for organisations, as with previous revolutions, provided it is managed effectively by business leaders. Rationale for the research study There is a growing consensus that existing leadership styles and management practices may not be suitable for organisational performance for the 4IR. It has, therefore, been suggested that different theories, models or approaches to leadership will be required if organisations are to remain competitive and sustainably successful in a business context that will look very different to what leaders have been accustomed to. It is argued here that Leadership 4.0 and innovative management practices, may have merit in this context. Aim of the study This present study was an exploratory attempt to investigate the relationship between Leadership 4.0, innovative management practices and organisational performance capabilities for the 4IR. For the purposes of this study, 1) a range of leadership theories/models/approaches/styles, including Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership and Leadership 4.0; 2) innovative management practices, including human resource management, organising and information sharing, risk management and stakeholder management as they compare to the old and new economy; and 3) organisational performance capabilities, including human capital, digital risk management and business model value creation were investigated. Research Design, Sampling and realised sample An exploratory research design was followed, utilising a mixed method approach. A crosssectional approach was taken to data collection, with a composite questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study utilised to collect data. A realised sample of n=61 respondents, mainly 4 from local, privately owned, knowledge-intensive organisations was obtained using a convenience sampling approach. Statistical analyses Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were utilised to estimate the relationships among the abovementioned constructs. Mediation analyses utilising the PROCESS macro was employed to test whether the relationship between Leadership 4.0 and organisational performance capabilities was mediated through innovative management practices. Results Statistically significant positive relationships were found between Leadership 4.0, Innovative Management Practices and Organisational Performance Capabilities. A regression model indicated that Leadership styles statistically significantly predicted the most variance in Organisational Performance Capabilities. Results further determined that Transactional Leadership explained a unique variance in risk management and digital risk management. Lastly, the test for mediation indicated that innovative management practices partially mediated the relationship between Leadership 4.0 and organisational performance capabilities. Findings: Findings from the results supported various discussions and studies in the literature and in practice that leadership, specifically Leadership 4.0, is an important element to navigating the uncertainties and challenges presented by the 4IR. Further evidence was also found in support of contingent leadership theories. Managerial Implications The findings of the present research study holds a practical implication for organisations in that the findings support the literature suggesting that leadership is a key element in organisational performance capabilities, specifically for survival and sustainability for the 4IR. The findings further contributes to a growing body of knowledge surrounding the 4IR, leadership, innovative management practices and organisational performance fields of research.

Flexible forms of employment Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to map the flexible forms of employment currently offered by the Czech legislation as well as those that might possibly become part of the legal system in the Czech Republic. Flexible forms of employment are currently on the rise, and it is therefore relevant to address the possibilities offered by the legislation. Part one focuses on defining the basic terms of the legal and theoretical framework of flexible forms of employment and in this context also the importance of flexicurity as a concept that has shaped the forms of flexible employment in the recent years. Second part of the thesis describes the specific forms of employment in terms of their legal regulation and what challenges are associated with the use of each individual form of flexible employment, furthermore this part explores aspects of flexibility that can be found within these types flexible employment. Examples of such flexible forms of employment mentioned include, but are not limited to, fixed-term employment, homeworking and, in terms of working hours, a condensed working week and flexible working hours. The next part discusses new emerging forms of flexible employment, namely job sharing, employee sharing, interim management, casual work, as well as new forms of...