Abstract Purpose- Industry 4.0 as a concept has created a wave of innovation in the manufacturing sector. In Sweden, the goal for the Swedish manufacturing SMEs is to be leaders in digitalization and stay competitive. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand the impacts of Industry 4.0 on Swedish manufacturing SMEs. Method- The method used in this research is a multiple case study consisting of three manufacturing SMEs in Sweden. A literature review was conducted in a systematic way to give a background of Industry 4.0 and its technologies. The literature review provided the theoretical base and knowledge about the phenomena which led to preparation of interview guide used for data collection. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. Thereafter, the findings were analyzed within case, cross-case and compared with literature. Findings- To analyze the impacts of Industry 4.0 on the manufacturing SMEs, the author developed a framework which included the ten main Industry 4.0 technologies, Porter ́s generic value chain model and industrial performance indicators. During the analysis, it was found that all the companies were users of Industry 4.0; however, they were using mostly robots as the main technologies besides one company using cloud-platform technology. All the companies had impacts on their value chains operation activity. All five performance indicators flexibility, costs, productivity, quality and lead times were found to impact on Swedish manufacturing SMEs. The findings support the same indicators as found in literature. Furthermore, all three case companies confirmed that they have higher profits which shows that the implementation of Industry 4.0 not only improves industrial performance indicators but also can lead to increase in financial performance. Implications- This thesis contributed to both theory and provides suggestions to managers with primary contribution being the framework which itself is a contribution to the theory. The framework can be used both by researchers and managers. Furthermore, the theory provided in the literature review of impacts of different technologies on the value chain can guide the managers to understand which of the technologies are useful in corresponding activities of value chain. The suggestions provided by industry peers are also a major advantage for the managers to prepare their companies for Industry 4.0. Limitations- The research focused only on manufacturing SMEs in Sweden and from industry perspective, only SMEs manufacturing goods were included and not services. Within the case companies, all ten identified Industry 4.0 technologies were not found to be implemented in SMEs, therefore; the analysis and answers to research questions were based on the technologies found. Moreover, there was a constraint of time and resources which led to a small sample of three manufacturing industries. Keywords: Industry 4.0, The fourth Industrial Revolution, Industrie 4.0, Digitization, Value chain, Supply Chain, Manufacturing, SME, Impacts, Barriers

This study deals with the historical compromise between Labour and Capital—the so-called “Swedish model”—and the abandonment of this compromise in connection with the third industrial revolution. The focus of the study lies in the transformations in working life and labour internationalism from 1973 to 1993. The strategies of the trade union regarding the protection of workers’ rights at local, national and international levels are of particular interest. The relations between the Company Union Group at LM Ericsson, the Swedish Metalworkers’ Federation and the local union at Ericsson’s work premises in Colombia (Sintraericsson) are examined in depth. The research is conducted through archive studies and interviews according to oral history theories. The theoretical perspectives in the dissertation are mainly inspired by postcolonial and materialist world system theories. The examined relations took place in a time that from the point of view of the trade union was characterized by uncertainty and anxiety about the future. The visible effects of the technological and industrial processes of transformation in Sweden as well as in Colombia had increased, and one of the main manifestations of the changes was the decreasing demand of manual labour. The introduction of the electronic AXE-system at LM Ericsson industries constituted a significant pass toward increasingly minimized and decreasing labour-intensive telecommunication systems. In Colombia, the local management took advantage of both the political unrest and instability and the absence of functional legislation praxis of work in order to set back and, finally, repudiate Sintraericsson. Many obstacles were mounted impeding the realization of collected and vigorous international labour actions which, had these been successful, would have constituted a response to the union-hostile actions initiated by the company. The Swedish Metalworkers’ Federation and the Company Union Group at LM Ericsson in Sweden were faced with several strategical and ideological issues resulting in their support of Sintraericsson appearing as obligatory or even absent. The study further shows that LM Ericsson as a company had advantages when compared with the Labour Organizations in Sweden and Colombia. The company early established business connections in Colombia and had knowledge about, and was an active part of, the Colombian society. The company was not driven by moral principles though it on the one hand could point at Colombian laws and norms, and on the other hand at overreaching economical “laws” when it came to motivating the politics vis-à-vis the employees, the local union and the frequent dismissals of union activists at Ericsson de Colombia.

O Ensino de Física em um mundo democrático requer mais práticas curriculares que abordem as implicações sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia (C&T). Buscando articular uma visão marxista com pressupostos do movimento CTS, o presente trabalho de conclusão reporta uma experiência de ensino de máquinas térmicas que apresenta dois diferenciais: (1) situa a máquina térmica no contexto histórico da revolução industrial inglesa; (2) promove um jogo de interpretação de papéis (Roleplaying Game – RPG). A fundamentação teórica está baseada em três fontes principais: o referencial curricular CTS, a teoria do desenvolvimento de Lev Vygotsky1 e a reconstrução histórica de Eric Hobsbawm para a Revolução Industrial. O trabalho foi aplicado em duas turmas da 2ª série do Ensino Médio. Foi elaborado um produto educacional em hipermídia, voltado para professores. Nossos resultados sugerem que a proposta favoreceu que os alunos: (1) percebessem que a máquina térmica, situada em um palco de conflitos sociais, não pode ser compreendida somente como um aparato tecnológico; (2) vivenciassem os conflitos de uma posição social diferente da sua própria (a posição do operário de uma fábrica, por exemplo). / Physics teaching in a democratic world requires more curricular practices addressing social implications of Science and Technology (S&T). Intending to interweave a Marxian stance along with STS ideas, this text reports an experience of teaching thermal machines with two main distinctions: (1) it situates thermal machines in the context of British industrial revolution; (2) it involves a Roleplaying Game (RPG). The theoretical framework is based on three sources: STS curriculum design, Lev Vygotsky’s developmental psychology and Eric Hobsbawm’s account for Industrial Revolution. This experience was enacted twice with high school students. The emerging educational product (directed to other science teachers) was elaborated on hypermedia. The results suggest that this experience favored students’: (1) acknowledging that thermal machine, located in a stage of social conflicts, is not only a technological apparatus; (2) lived the conflicts of a different social position (eg., the role of an industry employee).

Forms of work and working conditions are constantly changing within organizations, due to inter alia the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the boom of digitization and computerization. Labour market in developed countries is characterized by a higher representation of Generation Y and Generation Z employees whose job preferences differ from the previous generations' ones. These factors then result in transformation of forms and ways of work, working conditions, employee expectations and HR activities. The aim of this Master's thesis is to analyse the development and transformation of Work from a historical perspective, based on analysis and comparison of political documents, current scientific research and theoretically oriented scientific sources; and more importantly, to determine the main future trends in the world of work in connection with the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its impacts on the field of work. Based on these trends, changes in selected HR activities and working conditions are outlined in this Master's thesis. A deeper examination of the subject is provided by a conducted empirical qualitative survey which is reflecting the theoretical basis and mapping the above- mentioned trends that are changing the concept of work and personnel activities in selected organizations. Key words:...

La présente thèse vise à déterminer les ressorts de l’ascension sociale des Cibiel, entre 1754 et 1914, organisée durant quatre générations sur un mode collectif, au cours de laquelle ils passent du colportage local entre montagne du Cantal et plaines, au négoce et à la finance au niveau national puis international : ils édifient, à partir du textile et du Sud-ouest, un empire financier et industriel dans tous les domaines de la Révolution industrielle – transports, secteur minier et métallurgique et dérivés, modernisation urbaine – complété par un patrimoine foncier de premier ordre. L’analyse de cette mutation progressive permet de comprendre quelles sont les stratégies et les logiques mises en œuvre par les différents « acteurs » de la famille, mettant en synergie jeux communs et jeux individuels pour conquérir un pouvoir économique et sociopolitique majeur au sein des réseaux d’élites, à partir d’un réseau familial insolite implanté dans une logique de comptoirs à l’image de celui des Rothschild. La mobilisation de la méthodologie d’analyse des réseaux et de la sociologie des organisations, notamment la théorie de « l’acteur stratégique » de Michel Crozier et Erhard Friedberg, pour étudier la dynamique des Cibiel, permet de mesurer à quelles conditions « l’union fait la force ». Alors que la succession d’un « acteur-clé » aux trois premières générations joue un rôle moteur pour le collectif familial, la rupture introduite par une « stratégie d’affrontement » intrafamiliale à la dernière génération marque la fin de la « bonne fortune » prodigieuse de la famille Cibiel et de sa success story singulière. / The present thesis aims at determining the origins and forces of the social climbing of the French family Cibiel, between 1754 and 1914, through four generations. Within these 160 years, the family rose from local peddling to international trade and finance. Starting from textile trading in the Southwest of France, the Cibiels gradually built a financial and industrial empire which stretched over all the fields impacted by the Industrial Revolution — transports, mining, metallurgy, urban modernizing —, and accumulated a considerable estate. The analysis of this gradual transformation enables the understanding of the strategies and logics implemented by the various "players" of the family. They forged synergistic common games and individual games to conquer a major economic and socio-political power within elite networks. Their social climbing hinges on an unusual family network, that developed itself through a counters approach, similar to the Rothschilds network. The network analysis and the sociology of organizations methodologies have been used, particularly the "strategic player" theory of Michel Crozier and Erhard Friedberg, to study the Cibiels’ dynamics. They support the assessment of what makes unity a strength. The emergence of a "key player" at each of the first three generations plays a leading role in the family collective. With the break introduced by an intrafamilial "confrontational strategy" at the last generation came the end of the prodigious "good fortune" of the Cibiel family and of its singular success story.

O Ensino de Física em um mundo democrático requer mais práticas curriculares que abordem as implicações sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia (C&T). Buscando articular uma visão marxista com pressupostos do movimento CTS, o presente trabalho de conclusão reporta uma experiência de ensino de máquinas térmicas que apresenta dois diferenciais: (1) situa a máquina térmica no contexto histórico da revolução industrial inglesa; (2) promove um jogo de interpretação de papéis (Roleplaying Game – RPG). A fundamentação teórica está baseada em três fontes principais: o referencial curricular CTS, a teoria do desenvolvimento de Lev Vygotsky1 e a reconstrução histórica de Eric Hobsbawm para a Revolução Industrial. O trabalho foi aplicado em duas turmas da 2ª série do Ensino Médio. Foi elaborado um produto educacional em hipermídia, voltado para professores. Nossos resultados sugerem que a proposta favoreceu que os alunos: (1) percebessem que a máquina térmica, situada em um palco de conflitos sociais, não pode ser compreendida somente como um aparato tecnológico; (2) vivenciassem os conflitos de uma posição social diferente da sua própria (a posição do operário de uma fábrica, por exemplo). / Physics teaching in a democratic world requires more curricular practices addressing social implications of Science and Technology (S&T). Intending to interweave a Marxian stance along with STS ideas, this text reports an experience of teaching thermal machines with two main distinctions: (1) it situates thermal machines in the context of British industrial revolution; (2) it involves a Roleplaying Game (RPG). The theoretical framework is based on three sources: STS curriculum design, Lev Vygotsky’s developmental psychology and Eric Hobsbawm’s account for Industrial Revolution. This experience was enacted twice with high school students. The emerging educational product (directed to other science teachers) was elaborated on hypermedia. The results suggest that this experience favored students’: (1) acknowledging that thermal machine, located in a stage of social conflicts, is not only a technological apparatus; (2) lived the conflicts of a different social position (eg., the role of an industry employee).

In this article, the author presents the theme of the historical evolution of Labour Law, analyzing the most important milestones in which it develops. Firstly, he addresses the regulation of work in the preindustrial era; then, the emergence of Labour Law as a result of historical and social factors; and finally, its evolution throughout the twentieth and twenty-first century, concluding that this development has come to be circular. / En el presente artículo, el autor abarca el tema de la evolución histórica del Derecho del Trabajo, analizando los hitos más importantes en los que se desarrolla. En primer lugar, aborda la regulación del trabajo en la época preindustrial; a continuación, el surgimiento del Derecho del Trabajo a consecuencia de factores histórico-sociales; y, finalmente, su evolución a lo largo del siglo XX y XXI, concluyendo que esta evolución ha terminado por ser circular.

Em meados do século XIX, o Império do Brasil buscou acompanhar avanços tecnológicos na construção e operação de navios de guerra, trazidos pela propulsão a vapor e pelos avanços na artilharia, que em breve culminaram no desenvolvimento do encouraçado na Europa e de seu primeiro emprego operacional, na Guerra Civil dos Estados Unidos (1861-1865). Combinadas essas necessidades militares e tecnológicas com uma política mais ativa do Império nas questões dos estados platinos, ao início da Guerra da Tríplice Aliança (1864-1870) deu-se um primeiro surto de construção naval militar, para atender às demandas de guerra, que incluíam a construção de encouraçados para operações fluviais, empregando os meios tecnológicos e conhecimentos acumulados desde as iniciativas da década anterior. Cerca de dez anos após o final da guerra, iniciou-se outro surto de construção naval militar, embora sem uma urgência bélica estabelecida, e sim uma perceptível defasagem tecnológica em relação aos navios que se construíam em países de industrialização avançada. Os últimos navios construídos desse segundo surto foram incorporados após a Proclamação da República (1889). O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as razões que desencadearam esses dois surtos de construção naval militar e que os levaram ao fim, analisando a questão sob o ponto de vista de três fatores interligados: as relações internacionais, as necessidades militares e as necessidades de absorver tecnologia / In the mid-nineteenth century, the Empire of Brazil sought to follow technological advancements in the construction and operation of warships, brought about by steam propulsion and advances in artillery, which soon culminated in the development of the ironclads in Europe and its first operational deployment in the U.S. Civil War (1861-1865). These military and technological needs were combined with a more active policy of the Empire in affairs with the states of the River Plate Basin, and, with the beginning of the War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870), began a first outbreak of military shipbuilding to meet the war demands, which included the construction of ironclads for riverine operations, employing the technology and knowledge accumulated since the initiatives of the previous decade. About ten years after the end of the war, another outbreak of military shipbuilding began, though without a war urgency established, but a noticeable technological gap in relation to warships built in advanced industrialized countries. The last ships built in this second outbreak wee commissioned after the Proclamation of the Republic (1889). The objective of this work is to understand the reasons that led these two outbreaks of military shipbuilding and finished both, analyzing this problem from the point of view of three interrelated factors: international relations, military needs and the needs of absorbing technology

Orientador: José Ricardo Barbosa Gonçalves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T21:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rangel_RonaldoRaemy_D.pdf: 2011320 bytes, checksum: 8cbd2a68eb0ceeefba3750469bd375fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir o papel de um grupo específico das elites no Império, segmento que sem dúvida pertencia ao grupo hegemônico do país, mas que dele se destacava por sua instrução, nível cultural e, principalmente, por seu contato frequente com o mundo já desenvolvido nos moldes da revolução industrial. Por um lado tal segmento, como parte da elite econômica, atuou de forma pragmática na direção da criação de um Estado que se tornasse um ator privilegiado e que atendesse aos interesses dos produtores envolvidos com o modelo escravocrata¿agrário¿exportador e, por outro, adotou uma visão humanista que se vinculava a sua compreensão sobre as transformações em sociedades que desfrutavam de ganhos advindos da revolução industrial, mas que viam emergir novas relações sociais. Assim, o segmento da elite estudado, independente da esfera do Estado, buscou discutir questões relevantes para os seus interesses e o fez pela aproximação a instituições privadas de caráter não confessional através das quais puderam generalizar suas ideias, quer fosse entre seus próprios membros (já que entendiam como necessário que estivessem eles próprios organizados como atores coletivos) quer com o conjunto de homens livres, que não derivassem do grupo hegemônico. Uma das associações escolhidas por esse segmento foi a Sociedade Amante da Instrução que é usada como guia do trabalho / Abstract: This work intends to discuss the role of a specific group of elites in the Empire, a segment which belonged to the hegemonic group in the country, but it stood out for their education, cultural level, and especially for his frequent contact with the developed world after the industrial revolution. As part of the economic elite, acted pragmatically to create a State to become a privileged actor and would meet the interests of producers involved with model slave agrarian export, and, secondly, adopted a humanistic vision that was linked to transformations in societies that enjoyed gains from the industrial revolution, but they saw emerging new social relations. The segment of elite studied, regardless of the sphere of the State, sought to discuss issues relevant to their interests and made the approach to private institutions (non-confessional) through which could generalize their ideas, whether it were among their own members (as understood that they needed to be organized as collective actors) or among free men, that were not derived from the hegemonic group. One of the associations chosen by this segment was the Sociedade Amante da Instrução which is used to guide the work / Doutorado / Historia Economica / Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

In this thesis, the need for the step by step transformation of industry towards sustainability is emphasized. This work involves looking at the Olive Oil Industry (OOI) from a systems perspective through the lens of Strategic Sustainable Development (SSD) and applying backcasting from a principled view of socio-ecological sustainability. A specific project is also looked at, the Integrated Waste Management Project (IWMP), which aims at contributing to the sustainability of this particular industry. The OOI was analysed through the ABCD methodology, a tool used in planning for SSD, and measures were drawn up to guide the industry’s transformation. Following this analysis, the IWMP was examined within the context and results of the OOI research. Overall, the industry is transitioning and the IWMP is a good opportunity and contributor to the evolution of the Olive Oil Industry towards sustainability. At the same time, OOI and other industries would benefit greatly from embracing a systems perspective and a strategic approach for sustainable development.